DIZEN, JOHN MARK C.

G12 – BENIGNITY

GENERAL BIOLOGY 2 QUARTER 4

Module 1 COMPARE AND CONTRAST PROCESSES IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
Definition of Terms
1. Asexual Reproduction - Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion
of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes. The offspring that arise by asexual reproduction from either
unicellular or multicellular organisms inherit the full set of genes of their single parent. Asexual reproduction is the
primary form of reproduction for single-celled organisms such as archaea and bacteria.
2. Sexual Reproduction - Sexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that involves a complex life cycle in which
a gamete (such as a sperm or egg cell) with a single set of chromosomes (haploid) combines with another to
produce a zygote that develops into an organism composed of cells with two sets of chromosomes (diploid).
3. Fission - Fission occurs when a neutron slams into a larger atom, forcing it to excite and split into two smaller
atoms—also known as fission products. Additional neutrons are also released that can initiate a chain reaction.
When each atom splits, a tremendous amount of energy is released.
4. Fragmentation - In general, fragmentation refers to the state or the process of breaking into smaller parts, called
fragments. In biology, it may refer to the reproductive fragmentation process as a form of asexual reproduction or
to a step in certain cellular activities, such as apoptosis and DNA cloning.
5. Budding - budding, in biology, a form of asexual reproduction in which a new individual develops from some
generative anatomical point of the parent organism. In some species buds may be produced from almost any point
of the body, but in many cases budding is restricted to specialized areas.
6. Sporulation - Sporulation is the formation of nearly dormant forms of bacteria . In a limited number of bacteria,
spores can preserve the genetic material of the bacteria when conditions are inhospitable and lethal for the normal
(vegetative) form of the bacteria.
7. Isogamy - Isogamy is a form of sexual reproduction that involves gametes of the same
morphology (indistinguishable in shape and size), found in most unicellular eukaryotes. Because both gametes
look alike, they generally cannot be classified as male or female.
8. Heterogamy – n reproductive biology, heterogamy is the alternation of differently organized generations, applied
to the alternation between parthenogenetic and a sexual generation. This type of heterogamy occurs for example
in some aphids.
9. Bisexual Reproduction – sexuality, in biology, the condition of an organism capable of producing both male and
female gametes (sex cells).
10. Development – The series of changes which animal and vegetable organisms undergo in their passage from the
embryonic state to maturity, from a lower to a higher state of organization. 3. (Science: mathematics) The act or
process of changing or expanding an expression into another of equivalent value or meaning.
11. Haploid – Haploid is the quality of a cell or organism having a single set of chromosomes. Organisms that
reproduce asexually are haploid. Sexually reproducing organisms are diploid (having two sets of chromosomes,
one from each parent). In humans, only their egg and sperm cells are haploid.
12. Diploid – Diploid is a cell or organism that has paired chromosomes, one from each parent. In humans, cells other
than human sex cells, are diploid and have 23 pairs of chromosomes. Human sex cells (egg and sperm cells)
contain a single set of chromosomes and are known as haploid.
13. Gametogenesis – gametogenesis, in embryology, the process by which gametes, or germ cells, are produced in an
organism. The formation of egg cells, or ova, is technically called oogenesis, and the formation of sperm cells, or
spermatozoa, is called spermatogenesis.
14. Fertilization – fertilization can be defined as the union of two haploid gametes, the spermatozoa and the oocyte,
hereto referred to as egg, to restore the diploid state, form a zygote through the process of egg activation, and
commence a series of mitotic divisions that results in cell differentiation and embryo development.
15. Cleavage – In developmental biology, cleavage is the division of cells in the early embryo, following fertilization.
The zygotes of many species undergo rapid cell cycles with no significant overall growth, producing a cluster of
cells the same size as the original zygote.
16. Gastrulation – Gastrulation is defined as an early developmental process in which an embryo transforms from a
one-dimensional layer of epithelial cells (blastula) and reorganizes into a multilayered and multidimensional
structure called the gastrula.
17. Organogenesis – Organogenesis is the process by which the three germ tissue layers of the embryo, which are the
ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm, develop into the internal organs of the organism.
18. Growth – Growth is the irreversible increase of an organism's size over a given period. It may also be defined as
one of the characteristics of a living thing. In biology, “biological growth” is associated with progressive
development. An organism's growth may go on throughout its life, or end when that species is fully mature.
 19. Follicular Phase – The follicular phase starts on the first day of menstruation and ends with ovulation. Prompted
by the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland releases follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). This hormone stimulates
the ovary to produce around five to 20 follicles (tiny nodules or cysts), which bead on the surface.
20. Ovulation – Ovulation is the release of an egg from one of a woman's ovaries. After the egg is released, it travels
down the fallopian tube, where fertilization by a sperm cell may occur.

WHAT’S NEW
PRE-ACTIVITY:

1. Differentiate Asexual Reproduction and Sexual Reproduction.

Answer: Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number
of chromosomes. The offspring that arise by asexual reproduction from either unicellular or multicellular organisms inherit the
full set of genes of their single parent. Asexual reproduction is the primary form of reproduction for single-celled
organisms such as archaea and bacteria while Sexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that involves a complex life
cycle in which a gamete (such as a sperm or egg cell) with a single set of chromosomes (haploid) combines with another
to produce a zygote that develops into an organism composed of cells with two sets of chromosomes (diploid).

2. Identify the types of asexual reproduction and give examples.

Types of Asexual Reproduction Examples

1. Budding Bacteria
2. Fragmentation Cutting a worm into a piece
3. Vegetative Reproduction Begonia and Bryophyllum
4. Binary Fission Protozoa

3. Summarize the differences between asexual and sexual reproduction.

Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction

Number of Parents One parent Two parents

Involved
Gametes No fusion of gametes Male gametes are called sperm, and
female gametes are called eggs or
ova.
Genetic Genetically identical to the parent Each parent contributes half of the
composition of genes acquired (at random) by the
offspring offspring.

What’s More
Activity: Identify and Describe the types of Life cycles.

Types of Life Cycles Description

1. Haplontic life cycle Cells that spend most of their lives in a haploid
phase.
2. Diplontic life cycle Most of the organism’s life is spent with most of the
cells in the body being diploid.
3. Diplobiontic life cycle The life cycle in which the haploid phase is
followed by two successive diploid generations.
DIZEN, JOHN MARK C. G12 – BENIGNITY

GENERAL BIOLOGY 2 QUARTER 4

Module 2 COMPARE AND CONTRAST PROCESSES IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
What I know
Prior Knowledge: Definition of Terms
1. NUTRIENT – are substances the body needs for energy, building materials, and control of body processes.
2. AUTOTROPHS – is an organism that ca produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals.
3. Heterotrophs – is an organism that consumes other organisms in a food chain.
4. SYMPLAST ROUTE – a system of interconnected protoplasts contained by plasmalemma and linked by
plasmodesmata.
5. Apoplasts route – refers to the space formed in between the cells thereby creating a pathway through which
materials may diffuse freely.
6. ROOT HAIRS – are outgrowth of epidermal cells, specialized cells at the tip of the plant root.
7. Root nodules – are found on the roots of plants, primarily legumes, that form a symbiosis with nitrogen – fixing
bacteria.
8. MYCORRHIZAE (singular, mycorrhiza) – an intimate association between the branched, tubular filaments (hyphae)
of fungus (kingdom Fungi) and the roots of higher plants.
9. CALORIE – unit of heat energy that is equal to the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of
water by 1 degree centigrade at 1 atmospheric pressure.
10. CARBOHYDRATES – in an organic compound such as sugar or starch and is used to store energy.
11. PROTEINS – is a naturally occurring, extremely complex substance that consists of amino acid residues
joined by the peptide bonds.
12. FATS – is a term used to describe a class of macro nutrients used in metabolism called triglycerides.
13. AMINO ACIDS – are small molecules that are the building blocks of proteins.
14. FATTY ACIDS – are the building blocks of the fat in our bodies and in the food we eat.
15. PHAGOCYTOSIS – the process by which a phagocyte (a type of white blood cell) surrounds and destroys
foreign substances (such as bacteria) and removes dead cells.
16. PINOCYTOSIS – a process by which liquid droplets are ingested by living cells.
17. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM – is a group of organs consisting of the central gastrointestinal (GI) tract and its
associated accessory organs that break down food into smaller components so that nutrients can be
absorbed and assimilated.
18. ENDOCYTOSIS – a process by which cells absorb external material by engulfing it with the cell membrane.
19. INGESTION – refers to the entry of substances into the body through swallowing.
20. DIGESTION – sequence by which food is broken down and chemically converted so that it can be absorb by
the cells of an organism and used to maintain vital bodily functions.
21. ABSORPTION – the process of taking nutrients form the digestive system into the blood so they can be
used in the body.
22. ELIMINATION – the act of expulsion or of extrusion, especially of drug expulsion from the body.
What’s More: Activity
Illustrate the steps in the digestive system. Label the organs involved and specify their functions.

DIZEN, JOHN MARK C. G12 – BENIGNITY

General Physics 2 Quarter 3

Module 5 Direct-Current Circuits
What I Know
Multiple Choice
1. 150 Ω 6. C
2. 25.5 Ω 7. D
3. D 8. B
4. A 9. B
5. A 10. C

What I have Learned

1. A capacitor is charged to a potential of 12.0 V and then connected to a voltmeter having an internal
resistance of 3.40 MΩ. After a time of 4.00 s the voltmeter reads 3.0 V. What are (a) the capacitance and
(b) the time constant of the circuit?

Answer: r =3.40 x 106 x C

2. A 12.4-µF capacitor is connected through a 0.895-MΩ resistor to a constant potential difference of 60.0 V.
(a) Compute the charge on the capacitor at the following times after the connections are mad: 0, 5.0 s,
10.0 s, 20.0 s, and 100.0 s. (b) Compute the charging currents at the same instants.
Answer:

A) The formula for the charge on the plate of a capacitor is given by.
Q = CV
Now at a time of 0 seconds connection, it means voltage can't change yet and as a result V = 0 and as such Q =
0 too.
B) The formula for the charge on the plate of the capacitor, at any given time(t) after connection is given by the
relationship.
Q = CV (1 - e^(⁻t/RC))
Q = 756 μC

3. In the circuit below each capacitor initially has a charge of magnitude 3.50 nC on its plates. After the switch
S is closed, what will be the current in the circuit at the instant that the capacitors have lost 80.0% of their
initial stored energy?

Answer: 13.6 A

Assessment: Post – Test

1. C
2. D
3. C
4. C
5. C
6. A
7. A
8. D
9. B
10. B
DIZEN, JOHN MARK C. G12 – BENIGNITY

GENERAL PHYSICS 2 QUARTER 3

Module 6 Magnetic Field and Magnetic Forces
What I know
1. A 6. D 11. C
2. B 7. D 12. B
3. B 8. C 13. C
4. B 9. B 14. C
5. A 10. C 15. A
What I Have Learned

1. (a)FB=(2.43∗10−7N) k (b)FB=(16.71i+6.47j−9.66k)∗10−7N
2. 0.3296 k m/s ^ 2
3. a ¿ 3.059 x 10−3 Wb b ¿ 1.837 x 10−3 Wb c ¿ 0 Wb

Motion of Charged Particles in 2 Magnetic Field

What I have Learned (2)
1. v=4.94 x 10−21 /m
 2. Answer: a) 16.0 x 10−5 T b) 1 .11 x 10−7 sec c) 0.2943 T
3. 7.8 mm
4. 4.454 x 10−2 T
5. 6136 V

Magnetic Force on Current 3 carrying Conductors

What I have Learned
1.
2. I = 0.13/0.134

Assessment: Post Test

1. A
2. C
3. B
4. B
5. C
6. D
7. C
8. A
9. B
10. B
11. C
12. C
13. C
14. D
15. D