2(ln( x − 2))

1. f′(x) = M1A1
x−2
⎛ 1 ⎞
( x − 2)⎜ ⎟ − 2 ln( x − 2) × 1
⎝ x−2⎠
f″(x) = M1A1
( x − 2) 2
2 − 2 ln( x − 2)
= A1
( x − 2) 2
f″(x) = 0 for point of inflexion (M1)
⇒ 2 – 2 ln(x – 2) = 0
ln (x – 2) = 1 A1
x–2=e
x=e+2 A1
⇒ f(x) = (ln(e + 2 – 2))2 = (ln e)2 = 1 A1
( ⇒ coordinates are (e + 2, 1))
[9]

⎛1 ⎞
2. y = ln⎜ (1 + e − 2 x ) ⎟
⎝3 ⎠
EITHER
2
− e −2 x
dy 3
= M1A1
dx 1
(1 + e − 2 x )
3
dy − 2e −2 x
= A1
dx 1 + e − 2 x
1
ey = (1 + e–2x) M1
3
Now e–2x = 3ey – 1 A1
dy − 2(3e y − 1)
⇒ = A1
dx 1 + 3e y − 1
2
= − y
(3e y − 1)
3e
2
= − (3 − e − y ) A1
3
2 −y
= (e − 3) AG
3

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 1

 OR
1
ey = (1 + e–2x) M1A1
3
dy 2
ey = − e −2 x M1A1
dx 3
Now e–2x = 3ey – 1 (A1)
dy 2
⇒ ey = − (3e y − 1)
dx 3
dy 2
⇒ = − e − y (3e y − 1) (A1)
dx 3
2
= (–3 + e–y) (A1)
3
2
= (e–y – 3) AG
3
Note: Only two of the three (A1) marks may be implied.
[7]

⎛ 2 du ⎞
3. (a) ⎜ u = x − 2 x − 1.5; = 2x − 2⎟
⎝ dx ⎠
df df du
= = ex (2x – 2) (M1)
dx du dx
2
− 2 x −1.5
= 2(x – 1) e x A1

2 2
dy ( x − 1) × 2( x − 1)e x − 2 x −1.5 − 1 × e x − 2 x −1.5
(b) = M1A1
dx ( x − 1)2
2x 2 − 4x + 1 2
− 2 x −1.5
= 2
ex (A1)
( x + 1)
dy
minimum occurs when =0 (M1)
dx
⎛ ⎞
x=1 ±
1 ⎜ accept x = 4 ± 8 ⎟ A1
2 ⎜ 4 ⎟⎠
⎝
⎛ ⎞
a=1+
1 ⎜ accept a = 4 + 8 ⎟ R1
2 ⎜ 4 ⎟⎠
⎝
[8]

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 2

4. EITHER
differentiating implicitly:
dy dy
1 × e–y – xe–y + e y =1 M1A1
dx dx
at the point (c, ln c)
1 1 dy dy
−c× +c =1 M1
c c dx dx
dy 1
= (c ≠ 1) (A1)
dx c

OR
reasonable attempt to make expression explicit (M1)
xe–y + ey = 1 + x
x + e2y = ey(1 + x)
e2y – ey(1 + x) + x = 0
(ey – 1)(ey – x) = 0 (A1)
ey = 1, ey = x
y = 0, y = ln x A1
Note: Do not penalize if y = 0 not stated.
dy 1
=
dx 2
1
gradient of tangent = A1
c
Note: If candidate starts with y = ln x with no justification,
award (M0)(A0)A1A1.

THEN
the equation of the normal is
y – ln c = –c(x – c) M1
x = 0, y = c2 + 1
c2 + 1 – ln c = c2 (A1)
ln c = 1
c=e A1
[7]

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 3

5. Attempt at implicit differentiation M1
⎛ dy ⎞ ⎛ dy ⎞
e(x+y) ⎜1 + ⎟ = − sin( xy )⎜ x + y⎟ A1A1
⎝ dx ⎠ ⎝ dx ⎠
let x = 0, y = 0 M1
⎛ dy ⎞
e0 ⎜1 + ⎟ = 0
⎝ dx ⎠
dy
= –1 A1
dx
let x = 2π , y = − 2π
⎛ dy ⎞ ⎛ dy ⎞
e0 ⎜1 + ⎟ = − sin( −2π)⎜ x + y⎟ = 0
⎝ dx ⎠ ⎝ dx ⎠
dy
so = –1 A1
dx
since both points lie on the line y = –x this is a common tangent R1
Note: y = –x must be seen for the final R1. It is not sufficient to note
that the gradients are equal.
[7]

1 2x ⎛ 1 − 2x ⎞
6. (a) f′(x) = − ⎜= ⎟ M1A1A1
⎜ ⎟
1 − x2 1 − x2 ⎝ 1 − x2 ⎠

Note: Award A1 for first term,

M1A1 for second term (M1 for attempting chain rule).

(b) f′(x) = 0 (M1)

π
x = 0.5, y = 2.26 or + 3 (accept (0.500, 2.26)) A1A1 N3
6
[6]

7. (a) the distance of the spot from P is x = 500 tan θ A1

the speed of the spot is
dx dθ
= 500 sec 2 θ (= 4000 π sec2 θ) M1A1
dt dt
⎛ dθ ⎞
when x = 2000, sec2 θ = 17 (θ = 1.32581...) ⎜ = 8π ⎟
⎝ dt ⎠
dx
⇒ = 500 × 17 × 8π M1A1
dt
speed is 214000 (metres per minute) AG
Note: If their displayed answer does not round to 214 000, they lose the final A1.

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 4

 2
d2x dθ ⎛ dθ ⎞
(b) = 8000 π sec θ tan θ
2
or 500 × 2sec 2θ tan θ ⎜ ⎟ M1A1
dt 2 dt ⎝ dt ⎠
⎛ d 2θ ⎞
⎜ since = 0 ⎟⎟
⎜ dt 2
⎝ ⎠
= 43000000 (= 4.30 × 107) (metres per minute2) A1
[8]

8. (a) OÂB = π – θ (allied) A1

recognizing OAB as an isosceles triangle M1
so AB̂O = π – θ A1
BÔC = π – θ (alternate) AG

Note: This can be done in many ways, including a clear diagram.

(b) area of trapezium is T = area∆BOC + area∆AOB (M1)

1 1
= r 2 sin(π − θ ) + r 2 sin(2θ − π) M1A1
2 2
1 2 1
= r sin θ − r 2 sin 2θ AG
2 2

dT 1 2
(c) (i) = r cos θ − r 2 cos 2θ M1A1
dθ 2
1
for maximum area r 2 cos θ − r 2 cos 2θ = 0 M1
2
cos θ = 2 cos 2θ AG

(ii) θmax = 2.205... (A1)

1 1
sin θ max − sin 2θ max = 0.880 A1
2 2
[11]

9. (a) (i) 18(x – 1) = 0 ⇒ x = 1 A1

(ii) vertical asymptote: x = 0 A1

horizontal asymptote: y = 0 A1

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 5

 (iii) 18(2 – x) = 0 ⇒ x = 2 M1A1
36(2 − 3) 9
f″(2) = 3
=− < 0 hence it is a maximum point R1
2 2
9
When x = 2, f(x) = A1
2
⎛ ⎛ 9 ⎞⎞
⎜⎜ f (x ) has a maximum at ⎜ 2, ⎟ ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎠

(iv) f(x) is concave up when f″(x) > 0 M1

36(x – 3) > 0 ⇒ x > 3 A1

(b)

A1A1A1A1A1
Note: Award A1 for shape, A1 for maximum, A1 for
x-intercept, A1 for horizontal asymptote and A1 for
vertical asymptote.
[14]

1
10. (a) Area of hexagon = 6 × × x × x × sin 60° M1
2
3 3x 2
= AG
2

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 6

 (b) Let the height of the box be h
3 3hx 2
Volume = = 90 M1
2
60
Hence h = A1
3x 2
Surface area, A = 3 3 x2 + 6hx M1
360
= 3 3x 2 + x −1 A1
3
dA 360 − 2
= 6 3x − x A1
dx 3
⎛ dA ⎞
⎜ = 0⎟
⎝ dx ⎠
360
6 3x 3 = M1
3
x3 = 20
x = 3 20 AG
2 −3
d A 720 x
2
=6 3+
dx 3
3
which is positive when x = 20 , and hence gives a minimum value. R1
[8]

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 7

11. (a)

dθ
=3 (A1)
dt
y = 10 sin θ A1
dy
= 10 cos θ M1
dθ
dy dy dθ
= = 30 cos θ M1
dt dθ dt
8
at y = 6, cos θ = (M1)(A1)
10
dy
⇒ = 24 (metres per minute) (accept 24.0) A1
dt

θπ
(b) α= + M1A1
2 4
dα 1 dθ
= = 1.5 A1
dt 2 dt
[10]

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 8

12. let x = distance from observer to rocket
let h = the height of the rocket above the ground
METHOD 1
dh
= 300 when h = 800 A1
dt
1
2 2
x= h + 360000 = (h + 360000) 2 M1
dx h
= A1
dh 2
h + 360000
when h = 800
dx dx dh
= × M1
dt dh dt
300 h
= A1
h 2 + 360000
= 240 (m s–1) A1

METHOD 2
h2 + 6002 = x2 M1
dx
2h = 2x A1
dh
dx h
=
dh x
800 ⎛ 4⎞
= ⎜= ⎟ A1
1000 ⎝ 5⎠
dh
= 300 A1
dt
dx dx dh
= × M1
dt dh dt
4
= × 300
5
= 240 (m s–1) A1

METHOD 3
x2 = 6002 + h2 M1
dx dh
2x = 2h A1A1
dt dt
when h = 800, x = 1000
dx 800 dh
= × M1A1
dt 1000 dt
= 240 m s–1 A1

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 9

 METHOD 4
1
Distance between the observer and the rocket = (600 2 + 800 2 ) 2 = 1000 M1A1
Component of the velocity in the line of sight = sin θ × 300
(where θ = angle of elevation) M1A1
800
sin θ = A1
1000
component = 240 (m s–1) A1
[6]

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 10

13. (a)

A3
Note: Award A1 for each graph
A1 for the point of tangency.
point on curve and line is (a, ln a) (M1)
y = ln (x)
dy 1 dy 1
= ⇒ = (when x = a) (M1)A1
dx x dx a
EITHER
ln a
gradient of line, m, through (0, 0) and (a, ln a) is (M1)A1
a
ln a 1 1
⇒ = ⇒ ln a = 1 ⇒ a = e ⇒ m = M1A1
a a e
OR
1
y – ln a = (x – a) (M1)A1
a
passes through 0 if
ln a – 1 = 0 M1
1
a=e ⇒m= A1
e
THEN
1
∴y = x A1
e

1 x
(b) the graph of ln x never goes above the graph of y = x , hence ln x ≤ R1
e e

x
(c) lnx ≤ ⇒ e ln x ≤ x ⇒ ln x e ≤ x M1A1
e
exponentiate both sides of lnxe ≤ x ⇒ xe ≤ ex R1AG

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 11

 (d) equality holds when x = e R1
letting x = π ⇒ πe < eπ A1 N0
[17]

1
x− ln x
14. (a) (i) f′(x) = x 2 M1A1
x
1 − ln x
=
x2
so f′(x) = 0 when ln x = 1, i.e. x = e A1

(ii) f′(x) > 0 when x < e and f′(x) < 0 when x > e R1
hence local maximum AG
Note: Accept argument using correct second derivative.

1
(iii) y≤ A1
e

−1
x2 − (1 − ln x) 2 x
(b) f′″(x) = x M1
x4
− x − 2 x + 2 x ln x
=
x4
− 3 + 2 ln x
= A1
x3
Note: May be seen in part (a).
f″(x) = 0
–3 + 2 ln x = 0 M1
3
x= e2
3 3
since f″(x) < 0 when x < e2 and f″(x) > 0 when x > e2 R1
⎛ 3 ⎞
⎜ 3 ⎟
then point of inflexion ⎜ e 2 , 3 ⎟ A1
⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2e 2 ⎠

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 12

 (c)

A1A1A1
Note: Award A1 for the maximum and intercept, A1 for a vertical
asymptote and A1 for shape (including turning concave up).

(d) (i)

A1A1
Note: Award A1 for each correct branch.

(ii) all real values A1

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 13

 (iii)

(M1)(A1)
Note: Award (M1)(A1) for sketching the graph of h, ignoring
any graph of g.
–e2 < x < –1 (accept x < –1) A1
[19]

π
15. (a) f(1) = 1 – arctan1 = 1 − A1
4
π
f (− 3 ) = − 3 − arctan(− 3 ) = − 3 + A1
3

(b) f(–x) = – x – arctan(–x) M1

= –x + arctan x A1
= –(x – arctan x)
= –f(x) AG N0

π π
(c) as – < arctan x < , for any x ∈ A1
2 2
π π
⇒ − < − arctan x < , for any x ∈
2 2
then by adding x (or equivalent) R1
π π
we have x – < x − arctan x < x + AG N0
2 2

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 14

 1 x2
(d) f′(x) = 1 − or A1A1
1+ x 2 1+ x 2
2 x(1 + x 2 ) − 2 x 3 2x
f″(x) = 2 2
or M1A1
(1 + x ) (1 + x 2 ) 2
f′(0) = f″(0) = 0 A1A1
EITHER
as f ′(x) ≥ 0 for all values of x ∈
((0,0) is not an extreme of the graph of f (or equivalent)) R1
OR
as f″(x) > 0 for positive values of x and f″(x) < 0 for
negative values of x R1
THEN
(0, 0) is a point of inflexion of the graph of f (with zero gradient) A1 N2

(e)

A1A1A1
Note: Award A1 for both asymptotes.
A1 for correct shape (concavities) x < 0.
A1 for correct shape (concavities) x > 0.

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 15

 (f) (see sketch above)
as f is increasing (and therefore one-to-one) and its range is ,
–1
f is defined for all x ∈ R1
–1
use the result that the graph of y = f (x) is the reflection
in the line y = x of the graph of y = f(x) to draw the graph of f–1 (M1)A1
[20]

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 16