UNIT - IV INDUCTION MOTORS Three phase Induction Motor: Constructional details - Output equation - Choice of specific loadings - Design of stator, squirrel cage rotor, windings and slots - Calculation of circuit parameters - No load current - efficiency and temperature rise from design data. Single phase Induction Motor: Design of running and starting windings for capacitor start induction motor. Consists of - Construction - Output equation - Choice of loadings - Main dimensions - Stator winding - Stator core - Length of airgap - Choice of rotor slots Design of Squirrel cage - rotor - Design of Wound rotor 4.1 CONSTRUCTINAL DETAILS Consists of two major parts (Stator (Rotor Stator consists of (Core (iWinding Rotor is of two types ()Squirrel cage (ii)Wound rotor Squirrel cage rotor consists of (core ii}copper or aluminium bars Giilend rinosWound rotor consists of (core (winding (iijslip rings & brushes Salient-Pole VS Non-salient-Pole Salient-Pole Non-Salient-Pole Fig (4.1 ) Induction Machine 4.2 Separation of D and L for induction motors The operating characteristics of an induction motor are mainly influenced by the ratio L/x, ‘The ratio of L /t for various design features are listed below For minimum cost L /t =15to2 For good power factor L /t = 1.0 to 1.25 For good efficiency L /« =15 For good over all design L /x. = 1.0 Generally L_/« lies between 0.6 to 2 1 =N0.18L, 4.3 CHOICE OF SPECIFIC LOADINGS The value of output coefficient depends upon the choice of specific electric loading(ac) & specific magnetic loading(Bav). Phnine ato1. copper loss 2. Temperature rise 3. Voltage rating 4, Overload capacity Choi of specific magnetic loading depends on 1. Power factor 2. iron loss 3. overload capacity 4.4 CHOICE OF SPECIFIC ELECTRIC LOADING A large value of ‘ac’ results in higher copper losses & higher temperature rise. For machines with high voltage rating smaller values of ‘ac’ should be prepared. Since for high voltage machines the space required for insulation is large. For high overload capacity, lower values of ‘ac’ should be selected. Since large values of ‘ac’ results in large number of turns per phase, leakage reactance will be high. Large values of leakage reactances results in reduced overload capacity. It also depends upon size of motor and loading It varies between 5000 to 45000 amp.cond/m 4.5 CHOICE OF SPECIFIC MAGNETIC LOADING Bav lies between 0.3 to 0.6 wb/m2 For machines Cranes rolling mills Bav = 0.65 wb/m2 With large values of Bav, the magnetizing current will be high, which results in poor power factor. However in induction motors the flux density in the airgap should be such that there is no saturation in any part of the magnetic circuit. A large value of Bav results in increased iron loss & decresed efficiency. With higher values of Bav higher values of over load capacity can be obtained. Since the higher Bav provides large values of flux per pole, the turns per phase, will be less & so the leakage reactance will be less. Lower value of leakage reactance results in higher over load capacity. 4.6 MAIN DIMENSIONThe main dimensions of induction motor are the diameter of stator bore,D & the length of stator core,L. In induction motors most of the operating characteristics are decided by L/ { ratio of the Motor. L/ ratio For minimum cost 15t02 For good power factor To 1.25 For good efficiency Ls For good overall design 1 4.7 Stator winding For small motors upto SHP, single layer windings like mush Winding, whole coil concentric winding & bifurcated concentric winding are employed. For large capacity machines, double layer windings(either lap or wave winding) are employed with diamond shaped coils. Stator turns per phase The turns per phase Ts, can be estimated from stator phase voltage and maximum flux in the core. The maximum flux(gm) in thecore can be estimated from Bav,D,L and P. Bay = ppm/F|DL Stator turns per phase = Es/(4.44*Kws*f*pm) Es= tator phase voltage 4.8 Length of mean turn ‘The Length of mean turn for voltage upto 650 Vcan be calculated by Length of mean turn = 2L+2.3 ¢ +0.24 in m 4.9 Stator conductors The area of cross section (as) of stator conductors can be estimated from the knowledge of current density, KVA rating of the machine & stator phase voltage. Current density in the stator wdg lies 3 to SA/mm2 KVA rating of 3 phase machine Q = 3EsIs*10-3Is - stator phase current Q= 3IsEs*10-3 Stator phase current, Is = Q/(3Es*10-3) as-Is/Bs as-Mas?/4 ds = V4as /n 8s — current density in stator conductors as - Area of cross section of stator conductor ds ~ diameter of stator conductors if the diameter is more than 2 or 3mm bar or strip conductors are used. 4.10 STATOR CORE Slot Slot Tooth ‘Tooth Semienclosed slots with tapered + Open slots with parallel slots and paralled sided teeth sided slots and tapered teeth Fig (4.10) Stator slots Stator core made up of laminations of thickness 0.5mm. The design of stator core involves * selection of number of slots, + estimation of dimensions of teeth * Depth of stator core. Stator slots Different types of slots are L.open slots 2.semi enclosed slotsWhen open slots are used the winding coils can be formed and fully insulated before installing & it is easier to replace the individual coils. Another advantage is that we can avoid excessive slot leakage thereby reducing the leakage reactance When semienclosed slots are used the coils must be taped & insulated after they are placed in the slots. The advantages of semienclosed slots are less airgap contraction factor giving a small value of magnetising current, low tooth pulsation loss & much quieter operation. In small motors round conductors are used and in large & medium size motors strip conductors are used 4.11 CHOICE OF STATOR SLOT Number stator slots depends on 1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Tooth pulsation loss Leakage reactance Ventilation Magnetizing current Iron loss Cost stator slot pitch,yss = Gap surface/Total no. of stator slots Ss -total stator slots Ss=nD /Yss Total no. of stator slots= Ss Gap surface= JD Total no. of stator slots(conductors ) = No. of phases*Conductors per phase = 3*2Ts Conductors per slot,Zss = Total no. of stator slots/Ss 6Ts / Ss Zss Guide lines for selecting stator slots Step (1)- the stator slot pitch various from 15mm to 25mm.calculate the range of stator slots using the equation. Stator slots Ss = nD /Yss Minimum no of slots are obtained when Yss = smn Maximum no of slots are obtained when Yss= 15mm. Step (2) stator slots should be multiple of q where q is slot /pole / phase Ss = number of phases *poles * q Step (3) sclect the choice of stator slots which are common between the values obtained in step(1) and step(2)Step (4) the best choice of stator slots is given by the value of slots in the list obtained from step(3) and satisfying the slot loading. Slot loading = IzZss iz = current through a current Zss = conductors per slots 4.12 Area of stator slot ‘Area of each slot = Copper area per slot/space factor = Zss*as/ space factor Space factor vary from 0.25 to 0.4 After obtaining the area of the slot, the dimensions of the slot should be adjusted. The slot should not be too wide to give a thin tooth. 4.13 Stator teeth B,, = 1.7 wb/m2 should not exceed this value Bu - the mean flux density in stator tooth Minimum teeth area per pole = pm/1.7 Teeth area per pole= (Ss/p)*Li*Wts Minimum width of teeth, Wts= @m/(1.7*Ss/p*Li) ‘The minimum width of stator tooth is either near the gap surface or at one third height of tooth from slot opening. 4.14 Depth of stator core Cross-section of stator core Fig (4.14) Cross Section Of Stator Core ‘The Nenth of stator care denends on the flux density in the coreFlux density lies between 1.2 to 1.5 wb/m2 Flux passing through the sector core is half of the flux per pole Flux =m / 2 Depth of stator core des = m/(2*Bcs*Li) Bes = Flux desity in stator core Outer diameter of stator core Do =D+2 (depth of stator slots +depth of core) 4.15 LENGTH OF AIR GAP Length of air gap is decided by Power Factor Pulsation loss Cooling over load capacity Unbalanced magnetic pull Noise Ouhone For small ig=0.2+2NDL in mm Ig-0.125+0.35D+L+0.015Va mm Ig-0.2+D in mm Ig=1.6VD-0.25 mm 4.16 CHOICE OF ROTOR SLOTS With certain combination of stator and rotor slots, the following problems may develop in the induction motor. 1.The motor may refuse to start 2.The motor may crawl at some subsynchronous speed 3.Severe vibrations are developed & so the noise will be excessive ‘The above effects are due to harmonic magnetic fields developed in the machine. The harmonic fields are due to L.winding 2.slotting 3.saturation 4 irregularities in air gap‘The harmonic fields are superposed upon the fundamental sinewave field & indu: emfs in the rotor windings & thus circulate harmonic currents. These harmonic currents in turn interact with the harmonic fields to produce harmonic torques. Harmonic induction torque Harmonic induction torqueses are torques produced by harmonic fields due to stator winding and slots Harmonic synchronous torque Harmonic synchronous torque are torques produced by the combined effect of same order of stator & rotor harmonic fields. Crawling Crawling is a phenomenon in which the induction motor runs at a speed lesser than subsynchronous speed. Cogging Cogging is a phenomenon in which the induction motor refuses to start. 4.17 DESIGN OF SQUIRREL CAGE ROTOR It consists of 1 laminated core 2.Rotor bars 3.End rings The teeth being cantilevers respond to varying forces and set into vibrations. Thus noise is produced. Diameter of rotor, Dr=D-2lg; Ig-length of air gap Design of rotor bars & slots Rotor bar current is given by Ib=(6*Is*T's*Kws*Cos@)/St Area of each rotor bar is given by ab = Ib/8b in mm? Advantages of closed slots 1, Low reluctance 2. Less magnetising current 3. Queiter operation 4. Large leakage reactance & so starting current is limited Disadvantages of closed slotsReduced over load capa 4.18 DESIGN OF END RINGS It can be shown that if flux distribution current will also be sinusoidal. sinusoidal then the bar current & end ring Maximum value of end ring current,le(max) = (Sr*Ib(max})/2*p However current is not maximum in all the bars under one pole at the same time but varies according to sine law, hence the maximum value of the current in the endring is the average value of the current of half the bars under one pole. Maximum value of end ring current,le(max) = (Sr*Ib(ave))/2*p RMS value of end ring current,le = Ie(max)/1.414 Area of cross section of end ring ae= le/Se in mm? Also erte Area of cross section of end ring a de- depth of end ring; te- Thickness of endring 4.19 DESIGN OF WOUND ROTOR The wound rotor has the facility of adding external resistance to rotor circuit in order to improve the torque developed by the motor. The rotor consists of laminated core with semi-enclosed slots and carries a 3 phase winding. Rotor windings For small motors mush windings are employed. For large motors double layer bar type wave windings are employed. Number of rotor turns Number of rotor turns can be calculated by Number of rotor turns, Tr = (Kws*Ts*Er) /(Kwr*Es) Ts- Number of stator turns Rotor current , Ir = (0.85*Is*Ts)/Tr Area of rotor conductor,ar = Ir/6r‘Number of rotor slots With certain combination of stator and rotor slots, the following problems may develop in the induction motor. 1. The motor may refuse to start 2. The motor may crawl at some subsynchronous speed 3. Severe vibrations are developed & so the noise will be excessive ‘The above effects are due to harmonic magnetic fields developed in the machine. The harmonic fields are due to L.winding 2.slotting 3.Saturation 4. irregularities in air gap 4.20 Rotor te Minimum teeth area per pole = om/1.7 Teeth area per pole = (St/p)*Litwer Minimum width of teeth, Wtr= gm/(1.7*Sr/p*Li) Minimum width of teeth, Wtr=[/(Dr-2dsr} /Sr|-Wsr 4.21 Rotor core Depth of rotor core der= gm/(2*Ber*Li) Where Be Flux density in the rotor core Inner diameter of rotor lamination, Di= Dr-2(dsr+dcr} Where der = depth of rotor core 4.22 Slip rings & brus! The wound rotor consists of 3 slip rings mounted on the shaft but insulated from it. ‘The rings are made of either brass or phosphor bronze. The brushes are made up of metal graphite. The brush dimensions are decided by assuming a current density of 0.1 to0.2 A/mm2 4.23 Output equation and output co-efficient of AC machines (Induction machine} ‘The equation of induced emf frequency, current through each conductor and totalInduced emf per phase Eph =4.44 f@Tph Kws ‘The frequency of induced emf fepns / 2 current through each conductor Iz=Iph/a Iph — current per phase a-number of parallel circuit or paths per phase p-no of poles ns-synchronous speed Total number of armature conductors Z_— number of phases *2Tph Z=3*2Tph Z= 6Tph We know that Specific magnetic loading Bay = p@ / nDL ; p@ = nDLBav Specific electric loading ac=IzZ / nD = I2Z = nDac KVA rating of a 3 phase machine Q =3Eph Iph *10-3 Substitute Eph = 4.44 f@Tph Kws (2 Q= 3* 4.44 f © Tph Kws * Iz *10-3 Iph = Iz (a=1) one parallel path = 3* 4.44 (pns/2) &Tph Kws Iz * 10-3 = 6.66 p ns @Tph Kws Iz* 10-3We know that 6Tph =Z Q>= 1.11 p@ Iz Z ns Kws * 10-3 Q= 111" nDL Bav "nDac *ns * Kws * 10-3 Q= 1.11 1? Bav ac Kws * 10-3 * D?L ns Q>= 11 Bay ac Kws *10-3 * D?L ns Where Co = 11 Bav ac Kws *10- output co -efficient Q=Co D?L ns ------- output equation PROBLEMS P1) Determine the approximate diameter and length of stator core, the number of stator slots and the number of conductors for a 11 KW, 400V, 3¢, 4-pole, 0.45 Wb/m?, ac=23000 amp. Cond/m, full load efficiency = 0.85, pf = 0.88, L/t = 1. The stator employs a 1425 rpm, delta connected induction motor. Bx double layer winding. Given Data KVA INPUT = 11 KW 36 delta connected doublelayerwinding N= 1425 rpm Bay = 0.45 Wb/m? pole ac = 23000 amp.cond/m v=400 V 1 = 0.85 pf= 0.88 L/t=1 To find Diameter and length of stator core (D,L) The no of stator slots (Ss) ‘The no of conductors (Zss) Soln KVA innit santnnt / ntnF= 11 / 0,85*0.88 KVA input = 14.7 KVA Synchronous speed ns =2f / p ns=2*50 / 4 ns=25rps Kws = 0.955 To find D and L KVA input = CoD2Lns D2L = KVAi/p / Co*ns Co = 11 Bav ac Kws *10-3 Co = 11 *0.955 *0.45 *23000*10-3 Co = 108.7268KVA/m3-rps D2L = Q / Cotns = 14.7 / 108.72*25 DL = 0.0054m3 - Given that L =r=1=nD /p=nD/4 L=0.1494D (2) Substitute eqn (2) in eqn (1) D2*0.1494D = 0.0054 0.1494 D3 = 0.0054 D=0,.1902m Eqn (2) becomes L = 0.1494*D L = 0.1494*0.1902 L=0.15m To find Stator slot Ss = no of phases *poles*q For q = 2, Ss = 3*4*2 = 24 q=3, Ss = 3°4*3 = 36 a=4, Ss = 3"4*4 = 48 stator slot pitch should lie between 15mm to 25mm stator slot pitch Yss = nD / Ss when Ss = 36, Yss = 1°0.19*103 / 36 = 16.58mm when Ss = 36, Yss lies between 15mm to 25mm hence the stator slot pitch can be 36To find Ts The stator is delta connected ,the line voltage is same as phase voltage VL= Vps, Vi= Von, = 400V Bay = pb / nDL = Bav'nDL / p © = 0.45*n*0.19°0.15 / 4 m = 0.01wb Es = 4.44fmKwsTs / 4.44fmKws 400 / 4.44*50*0.01*0.955 Ts = 188 To find conductor per slot (Zss) Zss = 6Ts / Ss Zss = 6188 / 36 Zss = 31.33 (Zss should be even integer for double layer wg so it is 30 or 32 Let Zss = 32 Total stator conductor = Ss*Zss = 36°32 = 1152 New value of turns per phase Ts = Zss *Ss / 6 Ts = 32 *36 / 6 Ts = 192 Result Diameter of stator = 0.19 m Length of stator 0.15 m Number of stator slots = 36 Total stator conductor = 1080 or 1152 P2) Estimate the stator core dimension ,no of stator slots and no of stator conductors per slots for a 100KW,3300V,50Hz,12 pole ,star connected slip ring induction motor,Bav = 0.4wb/m2.ac= 25000amp-cond/m,n=0.9,pf = 0.9,choosemain dimensions to give best power factor .the slot loading should not exceed 500amp.cond,t = \0.18L. Given data Q = 100KW, f=50Hz , star connected slip ring ,V = 3300V, p=12pole , IM Bav = 0.4wb/m2 ac=25000ampcond/m = 0.9, pf=0.9 slot loading should not exceed 500 amp cond to find stator core dimension (D and L) Ss=? No of stator conductor per slot? Soln KVA input Q= output / n*pf = 100 / 0.90.9 = 123.457KVA ns=2f / p= 2*50 / 12 =8.33rps KVA input = Co D2Lns Co = 11 Bav ac Kws *10-3 Co = 11 *0.4 *0.96 *25000*10-3_ [ Kws = 0.96] Co = 105.6KVA/m3-rps KVA input = CoD2Lns D*L = KVA i/p / Cots DeL = 123.4 / 105.6*8.33 D'L = 0.1403m? (1) For best power factor += 0.18L t=nD/ p= V0.18L TD? / p?=0.18L D? = 0.18* pL / 112 D? = 2.6262L Put D? in eqn (1) D?L = 0.1403 2.6262L*L = 0.1403 1403 / 2.6262 L= V0.1403 / 2.6262 LeL=0.23m D? = 2.6262L 2.6262*0.23 78m, Stator in star connection Es = Ex / V3 = 3300 / V3 = 1905.2V Flux per pole Bay = p@ / nDL = Bav'nDL / p © = 0.441*0.78*0.23/ 12 © = 0.018wb Es = 4.44 fbmKwsTs Stator turns per phase ‘Ts = Es / 4.44 fmKws Ts = 1905.25 / 4.44*50*0.0188*0.96 Ts = 478 Stator slot pitch should lie between 15mm to 25mm Stator slot Ss = nD / Yss Yss = 15mm Yss = 25mm Ss = 10.78 / 15*10-3 Ss = 0.78 / 25*10-3 Ss = 163 Ss =98 Stator slot Ss should lie between 98 to 163 Stator slot Ss number of phases *poles*q When q = 2; Ss = 3*12*2 = 72 q= 3; Ss = 3*12*3 = 108 = 4; Ss = 3*124 = 144 q= 5; Ss = 3*12*5 = 180 Ss values of 108 and 144 lie in the range of 98 to 163 Ss = 108 or Ss = 144 Check for slot loading Slot loading = Zssis Is-KVA*103. /V3*V, = 123.4*103 / V3*3300 Is = 21.6 When Ss =108 Ss= 144 Zss =6Ts / Ss = 6*478 / 108 Zss =6Ts / Ss = 6°478 / 144Zss = 26.5 Zss = 19.9~20 “Is slot loading = 20*21.6 = 432 6*21.6 = 561.6 amp.cond Slot loading = Slot loading doesnot exceed S00ampcond Hence 144 slots is suitable for the machine Zss = 20, Ss = 144 Total stator conductor = Zss*Ss 2880 Ss / 6 = 20°144 / 6 Ts = 480 P3) Determine the D and L of a 70 Hp, 415V, 3-phase, 50-Hz, star connected, 6 pole induction motor for which ac = 30000 amp.cond/m and Bay = 0.81 wb/m?, Take 1 = 90 % and pf = 0,91. Assume + = L. Estimate the number of stator conductors required for a winding in which the conduxtors are connected in 2- parallel paths. Choose a suitable number of conductors/ slots, so that the slot loading does not exceed 750 amp. cond. Given Data 70 HP 415Vv Buy = 0.51 Wb/m? 3-phase 50 Hz ac = 30000 amp.cond/m 0.9 0.91 star connected 6-pole L slot loading < 750 amp.cond. conductors are connected in 2-parallel paths. Soln KVA input Q = HP*0.746 / 1*PF Q = 70°0.746 / 0.9°0.91 KVA input Q = 63.76KVASynchronous speed ns=2f / p = 2*50 / 6 = 16.667rps Q= CoD*Ln, D'L = Q / Co*ns Co = 11 Ba ac Kws *10-3 Co = 11 *0.51 70.985 *30000710-3 [ Kws = 0.955] Co = 160.72 KVA/m3-rps D'L = Q / Co*ns D?L = 63.76 / 160.72*16.667 D?L= 0.0238 -. Given that r=L L=nD/p =nD/6 L=0.5236D Sub in eqn (1) D2L = 0.0238 D2*0.5236D = 0.0238 D = 0.36m L = 0,523670.36 L=0.186m Total number of stator conductor Total stator conductor =6T's *no of parallel path (2Ts*no of phases) = 6Ts*2 Total stator conductor = 12Ts To find Ts Bay = p@ / nDL bm = Bav'nDL / p = 0.51*n*0.36°0.19 / 6 m=0.0183wb Es = 4.44 fmKwsTs Stator tums per phase Ts = Es / 4.44 fémKws Ts = (415 / V3) / 4.44°50"0.0183*0.955 (since induction motor in star Connection ) Ts = 61.756 ~62 Slot pitch Yss should lie between 15mm to 25mmWhen Yss = 15mm Yss = 25mm Ss =nD / Yss Ss =nD/Yss Ss = 1°0.36 / 15*10-3 Ss =1*0.36 / 2510-3 Ss=75 Ss= 45 Ss should lie between 45 to 75 Stator slot = no of phase *poles *q 5 Ss = 3°6*2 = 36 q73 ; Ss = 3*6*3 = 54 q=4 ; Ss = 3*6*4= 72 the value of Ss which lie between 45to 75, hence Ss =54 and Ss = 72 check for slot loading when Ss = 54 when Ss = 72 slot loading = Zssiz slot loading = Zssiz To find Iz Stator current per phase Is-KVA *103 / ¥3VL Is =63.76 *103 / V3 *415 Is = 88.7 When Ss = 54 when Ss = 72 Zss = total stator conductor / Ss Zss = total stator conductor / Ss Zss = 744 /54 Zss = 744 /72 Zss = 13.77 ~14 Zss = 10.33 ~11 Slot loading =Zsslz slot loading = Zsslz = 1444.35 = 11*44.35 = 620.9amp cond = 487.85 amp cond In both the cé es the slot loading is not exceeded For lower fabrication cost Ss = 54 For low temperature rise Ss = 72 Let Ss = 54Zss= 14 Total stator conductor *Ss = 14°54 Total stator conductor = 756 conductors New value of turns per phase = Ts = Zss*Ss / (6*2) 756 /12 Ts= 63 Result Diameter of stator = 0.36 m Length of rotor = 0.19 m Turns / phase = 63 Number of stator slots = 54 Conductors / slot =14 P4) Estimate the main dimensions, air-gap length, stator slots, stator turns per phase and cross sectional area of stator and rotor conductors for a 3-phase, 15 HP, 400 V, 6 pole, 50 Hz, 975 rpm, induction motor. The motor is suitable for star delta starting. By = 0.45 Wb/m?, ac = 20000 amp.cond/m, L\t = 0.85, n = 0.9, pf = 0.85 Given data star delta starting (the motor should be designed for delta connection) 3@ KVA 0/p = 1SHP V=400v P=6 pole £-50Hz N-975rpm 0.45 wb/m2 ac=20000amp.cond / m L\r = 0.85, n = 0.9, pf = 0.85 To find Bav Main dimension Airgap lengthStator slots Rotor slots Stator turns per phase Rotor turns per phase Cross sectional area of stator Cross sectional area of Rotor Soin KVA ilp = Q = HP*0.746 / n*pf 5*0.746 / 0.9*0.85 KVA i/p Q= 14.63KVA Synchronous speed ns=2f / p = 2*50 / 6 = 16.667rps Q= CoDLns DL = Q / Co*ns Co = 11 Bav ac Kws *10-3 Co = 11 *0.45 *0.955 *20000°10-3__[ Kws = 0.955] Co = 94.545 KVA/m3-rps DL = Q / Cons 4.63 / 94.545 *16.667 = L/+=0.85 L= 0.85 *r = 0.85*nD / p = 0.85*nD / 6 L=0.445D DAL = 9.28410-3 D20.445D = 9.284*10-3 D8 = 9.284*10-3 DL = .284*10-3, D=0.275m L=0.445D = 0.445*0.275 L=0,12m bm = Bav*@DL / p ebm = 0.45 *1*0.27570.12 / 6 m = 7.775*10-3wb Stator turns per phase Ts = Es / 4.44 fbmKws Ts = 400 / 4.44*50*7.775*10-3°0.955 ‘Ts= 242.66 ~242 Total stator conductor = 6Ts = 6*242 = 1452 conductorsYss = 15mm Yss= 25mm Ss =nD / Yss Ss =nD / Yss = 170.275 / 15*10-3 = 110.275 / 25*10-3 Ss = 58 Ss=34 ‘The number of slots lies between 34 to 58 stator slots Stator slot = no of phase *poles *q q=2 ; Ss = 3*6*2 = 36 let Ss = Zss = 6Ts / Ss = 1452 / 36 = 40.33 total stator conductor = Ss*Zss 36740 = 1440 conductors The new value of Ts =Zss*Ss / 6 = 40°36 / 6 ‘Ts = 240 KVA input Q = V3ViIL*10-3 = 3Epnlpn*10-3 Tpn = Q*103 / 3*E pn = 14.62 *10-3 / (3*400) 2.1838 Ipne Let 6 = 3A/mm2 Cross sectional of stator conductor as= Ipn / 6 = 12.183 / 3 a.=4,061mm2 Airgap leng Lg=0.2+2VDL = 0,2+20.275*0,12 = 0.5633mm. Ig=0.6mm. Rotor slot Sr- number of rotor slots Sr should be less than Ss and (Ss-Sr) can not be 0,4p,42p,43p,45p, +1, + (ptl) , +2, + (pt2) Let p=6 Ss-Sr can not be 0,46, #12, 418, 430,41,Here Ss-Sr can be +3 , +9, #10, +11, tete..... r= S83. Let Ss-Sr = 43 ; Sr = Ss -3 = 36- Area of cross section of rotot bar ab=Ib / 8b Rotor bar current Ib = 0.85°6Ts*Is / Sr = 0.85 * 6*240 *12.183 / 33 Tb = 451.88A &b-4A/mm2 ; ab=Ib / 8b = 451.88 / 4 ab=112.96mm2 end ring current Ie =Srib / np = 33°451.88 / 1 *6 Te= 791.1A Let 6e=4A/mm2 Area of cross section of end ring ae=le / 6 ae=791.1 / 4 ae=197.775mm2 Result Diameter of stator = 0.275 m Length of stator =0.12m Turns / phase = 240 turns Number of stator slots Number of rotor slots Area of cross-section of stator conductor = 4.061 mm* Area of cross-section of rotor bar = 113 mm? Area of cross-section of end ring = 200 mm? PS) Design a cage rotor for a 40 HP, 3-phase, 400V,50 Hz, 6 pole, delta connected induction motor having a full load n of 87% and a full load pf of 0.85. Take D = 33 cm and L = 17 cm. Stator slots - 54, conductors/slot = 14. Assume suitable the missing data if any. Given data Q-40HP ; =-50Hz ; delta connected 3 phase IMP=6 pole V=400V ; n = 0.87 ; pf'= 0.85 D= 33cm = 33 /100 =0.33m 17m L= 17cm = Stator slots =Ss = 54 Conductor per slots Zss = 14 To find Cage rotor Sr, ab,ae,Dr,Lr,lg Ss-Sr cannot be 0, 4p, 2p, #3p, #5p , #1, # (pil) , #2, + (p#2) Let p= 6 Ss-Sr can not be 0, #6, 412,418,430, 41,42,45,47,48, 44 Here Ss-Sr can be #3, #9, #10, #11, t ete... Let Ss-Sr = 43 ; r= Ss-3 Sr = Ss+3 Sr=Ss-3-= 543-51 KVA i/p = Q = HP*0.746 / n*pf. = 40°0.746 / 0.87°0.85 KVA i/p Q = 40.351KVA Rotor bar current Ib=6Tsls / Sr Is = Iph = Q / 3Eph*10-3 Is = 40.351 / 3*400*10-3 Is = 33.62A Total stator conductor = 6Ts Ts = total stator conductor / 6 Ts= slots "conductor per slots/ 6 Ts = 54*14 / 6 Ts = 126 Th=6*12633.62 / 51 1b=423.6A Let 5b = 4A/mm2 ab=Ib /5bab=423.6 /4= 105.9 =106mm2 End ring current Ie =Srlb / np = 517423.6 / 1 *6 Te= 1146.139A Let 5e=4A/mm2 Area of cross section of end ring ae=le / 8e ae=1146.139/ 4 ae=286.53mm2 In IM length of rotor core Length of rotor core Lr = 17cm = 0.17m. Length of airgap Lg=0.2+2VDL = 0.2+20.33*0.17 = 0.7mm Ig-0.7mm Diameter of Rotor Dr = D-2lg Dr = 0.33 -2*0.7*10-3 Dr = 0.3286m Result Length of rotor =0.17m Diameter of rotor = 0.3286 m Length of air-gap =0.7 mm P6) A three phase induction motor has 54 stator slots with 8 conductors per slot and 72 rotor slots with 4 conductors per slots. Find the number of stator and rotor turns. Find the voltage across the rotor slip rings, when the rotor is open circuited and at rest. Both stator and rotor is star connected and a voltage of 400 volt is applied across the stator terminals. Given data ‘Three phase IM Ss = 54 Zss = 8 Sr= 72 Zst=4 VeanowTo find Ts and Tr Soln Stator conductor slots Zss = 6Ts /Ss Ts = Zss*Ss / 6 = 8°54 / 6 Ts =72 Rotor conductor slots Zsr =6Tr /Sr Tr = Zsr*Sr / 6 Tr=4°72/6 Tr= 48 Let Kws = Kwr ‘Turns ratio of induction motor ae ie Rotor emf at standstill Er= Es Er = (400 / 13) “(48 /72) Er = 153.96V Rotor emf between slip rings (line value) = ¥3 *Er = V3"154 = 266.70