COMPOSITION WRITING OF GRADE 12 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS

IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF TARLAC

A Research
Presented to the Faculty of
Benigno V. Aldana National High School
Pozorrubio, Pangasinan

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements
in Practical Research II

JOHN – JOHN J. FLORES

MARIANNE V. SANTOS
ASBHAL L. KALEB

2023

i
 APPROVAL SHEET

This research titled, “Composition Writing of Grade 12 Senior High

School Learners in Public Schools of Tarlac” submitted by John – John J.
Flores, Marriane V. Santos and Ashbal L. Kaleb in partial fulfillment of the
requirements in Research in Daily Life II is hereby recommended for Final Oral
Examination.

Research Committee

EUNICE M. FLORES, MPA

Adviser

FINELDA VALENZUELA MARY JANE VALDEZ

Member Member

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Approved on, by the Panel of Examiners on Oral Examination with a
grade of __.

EUNICE M. FLORES, MPA

Chairman

FINELDA VALENZUELA MARY JANE VALDEZ

Member Member

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements in
Practical Research II.

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Every undertaking whether big or small, easy or difficult can be

accomplished smoothly with the help of people who are willing to extend their

hands to finish this piece of work successfully. I would like to acknowledge the

following people who were God’s instrument in finishing this work:

To Dr. Marina O. Abella, Dean of the Institute of Graduate and

Professional Studies and the dissertation committee chairman, for intelligent

suggestions in improving this study;

To Dr. Erlinda F. Agbayani, my dissertation adviser, who has manifested

the trait of a motherly mentor by letting the researcher feels that the success

once the work is completed is also an adviser’s success. The improvement of the

researcher’s output was a product of expertise in dissertation writing.

To the members of the thesis committee, Dr. Cynthia P. Lopez, Dr

Thelma E. Royeca and Dr. Teody M. Delos Santos for their comments and

suggestions for the improvement of this study. I am truly grateful for all scholarly

critics.

To Gilbert G. Pineda, my statistician and co-teacher in BS ANHS, for

generous assistance and valuable support in sharing knowledge in statistical

treatment and expertise in research;

To my family, Antonio, Arlenda+, Janice+, Antonio Jr., Julius, Anecita,

Enrique, Jess Paul, Arleneda, Vanessa, Regine, Jan Rafael, John Joaquin,

Ralph Andrei, Jefferson, baby Eking; Auntie Zeny, Auntie Annie, Lola

iii
Openg and Lola Obang, Kuya Raffy, relatives and friends, thank you for

prayers and support;

To my BS ANHS Senior High School family dakal pung salamat.

Special mention to Judea P. Gamundoy, Leira B. Tobias, Melanie S. Manalo,

Michelle B. Magcalas and Ma. Abigail F. Bermudo thank you for sharing

laughters. Our chit chats while I am on the process of finalizing my paper made

my work lighter;

My two batchmates/classmates who are also from the same Tarlac

Province Division, Dr. Rosalina Q. Sanchez and Dr. Marieta N. Clemente,

dakal salamat king pamanantabe at masanting a pamakyabe; and

Above all, to the Lord Almighty for His guidance and blessings.

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 DEDICATION

I humbly dedicate this masterpiece to my family. My aunt Dr. Zenaida J. Vargas

who encouraged me to strive excellently in the academe from college to post graduate

studies. Likewise to Anecita J. Sumpayco who gave support to me and my siblings when

we were still young until now not to forget also the sacrifices of our grandmothers,

Guadalupe B. Jimenez and Carmelita B. Baustista.

My mother, Arlenda J. Flores+, hope I made you proud in heaven. Tatay Tony,

my all boys babies: Jan Rafael, John Joaquin, Ralph Andrei, Jefferson and baby Eking.

Many to mention for this dedication. God will bless you with abundant blessings.

Thank you so much! Maraming Salamat! Balbaleg a Salamat! Dacal pung

salamat!

-The Researchers-

ABSTRACT

Title: COMPOSITION WRITING OF GRADE 12 SENIOR

HIGHSCHOOL LEARNERS IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF
TARLAC

Author: JOHN – JOHN J. FLORES

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 Degree: DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN LANGUAGE TEACHING

Institution: LYCEUM NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY – DAGUPAN

Year: 2019

Adviser: DR. ERLINDA F. AGBAYANI

This study on the composition writing of grade 12 senior high

school learners in public schools of Tarlac employed descriptive cross – sectional

design. It involved 376 grade 12 senior high school learners from ABM (56), GAS

(143), HUMSS (130) and STEM (47) strands. From the composition writings of

learners, data were obtained, checked, recorded and analyzed. Errors in

composition writings were identified and grouped according to strand. These are

grammatical, lexical and mechanical errors. Results revealed that all the p-values

are greater than 0.05 thus, f-values are not significant and null hypothesis is

accepted. The significant difference of most and least committed composition

writing errors were computed and determined using Kendall’s Coefficient

Concordance. From the results of the study, a writing module for senior high

school learners is developed and proposed. Experts and language teachers

evaluated the writing module and verbally described as exceeds the criteria set.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE i

vi
APPROVAL SHEET ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT iv

DEDICATION vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS viii

LIST OF TABLES xii

LIST OF FIGURES xiii

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM 1

Rationale 1

Theoretical Framework 4

Conceptual Framework 10

Statement of the Problem 16

Null Hypotheses 17

Significance of the Study 17

Scope and Delimitation of the Study 18

Definition of Terms 18

Chapter 2

METHODOLOGY 23

Research Design 23

Sources of Data 25

Instrumentation and Data Collection 26

Tools for Statistical Analysis 27

Chapter 3

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 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 30

Profile of the Respondents according to Strand 30

Errors Committed by the Grade 12

Senior High School Learners according to Strand 32

Grammatical Errors 32

Lexical Errors 41

Mechanical Errors 48

Significant Difference in the Errors of the Grade 12

Senior High School Learners according to Strand 57

Grade 12 Senior High School Learners’ Most and

Least Committed Errors in Composition Writing 61

Significant Difference between the Most and

Least Committed Errors in Composition Writing of the

Grade 12 Senior High School Learners according to Strand 64

Writing Module Developed to Address the Grammatical,

Lexical and Mechanical Errors in Learners’ Writing 66

Level of Acceptability of the Module as Evaluated by

the Experts and Teachers 140

Chapter 4

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 142

Summary 142

Conclusions 144

Recommendations 145

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BIBLIOGRAPHY 147

APPENDICES 154

Appendix A Letter Request to Conduct Study 155

Appendix B Letter to Respondents 156

Appendix C Instrumentation 157

Appendix D Rubrics for Evaluation 158

Appendix E Letter Request for Respondents’ Profile 160

Appendix F Grade 12 Academic Track SHS Learners Cluster 1 161

Appendix G Grade 12 Academic Track SHS Learners Cluster 2 162

Appendix H Grade 12 Academic Track SHS Learners Cluster 3 163

Appendix I Grade 12 Academic Track SHS Learners Cluster 4 164

Appendix J Total Number of SHS Academic Track Learners 165

Appendix K Sample Population – Cluster 1 166

Appendix L Sample Population – Cluster 2 167

Appendix M Sample Population – Cluster 3 168

Appendix N Sample Population – Cluster 4 169

Appendix O Errors on Verbs 170

Appendix P Errors on Antecedent 171

Appendix Q Errors on Pluralization 172

Appendix R Errors on Subject Verb Agreement 173

Appendix S Errors on Articles 174

Appendix T Errors on Conjunctions 175

Appendix U Errors on Prepositions 176

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 Appendix V Errors on Spelling 177

Appendix W Errors on Punctuation 178

Appendix X Errors on Capitalization 179

Appendix Y Errors on Margin and Indention 180

Appendix Z Analysis of Variance 181

Appendix A.1Sample Grammatical Errors 183

Appendix A.2Sample Lexical Errors 184

Appendix A.3Sample Mechanical Errors 185

Appendix A.4Letter Request for Module Writing Validation 186

Appendix A.5 Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance 187

Appendix A.6 Rating Evaluation of Module 188

Appendix A.7 Level of Acceptability 189

CURRICULUM VITAE 190

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 LIST OF TABLES

Table Title Page

1 Data on Respondents’ Profile According to Strand

30

2 Sample Population

31

3 Errors on Verbs

34

4 Errors on Antecedent 36

5 Errors on Pluralization 38

6 Errors on Subject Verb Agreement 41

7 Errors on Articles

43

8 Errors on Conjunctions

45

9 Errors on Prepositions

47

10 Errors on Spelling

50

11 Errors on Punctuation

52

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 12 Errors on Capitalization

55

13 Errors on Margin and Indention

57

14 Analysis of Variance on Grammatical Errors

58

15 Analysis of Variance on Lexical Errors

59

16 Analysis of Variance on Mechanical Errors 60

17 Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance

65

18 Rating Evaluation of Module 144

19 Level of Acceptability 145

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Title Page

1 Paradigm of the Study 15

2 Most and Least Committed Errors 61

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