English Department

Provence Language School

Novel

Grade (10)

Second Term (20..... – 20…..)

Name………………….…

Class: ……………………

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 Character Analysis

The Earnshaws (Wuthering Heights)

1- Mr. and Mrs. Earnshaw
 They are the peers of Mr. and Mrs. Linton.
 When Mr. Earnshaw brings back the “Orphan” Heathcliff from a trip to Liverpool,
the reader is tempted that to suspect that the orphan is really Mr. Earnshaw’s
illegitimate child.
 Mrs. Earnshaw never accepts Heathcliff, but Mr. Earnshaw dotes on him to
the detriment of his legitimate children, Catherine and Hindley.

2- Catherine Earnshaw Linto

• Though Catherine plays an important role in the book, readers learn that she
died years before Nelly Dean and Lockwood sit down for their first conversation.
• Catherine is the only daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Earnshaw of Wuthering Heights,
an estate located in the moors of the fictional Gimmerton Valley of Yorkshire.

• When Heathcliff first arrives at Wuthering Heights as a young child, Catherine is

unhappy with his presence; soon, however, she and Heathcliff become best
friends, and as they grow up together, they fall in love.
• Catherine has a strong personality, and there are two sides to her: she is
rebellious, impulsive, and headstrong, yet at the same time, she is also quite
status-conscious and sensitive to how she appears to others.
• Despite her attachment to Heathcliff, Catherine marries Edgar Linton of
Thrushcross Grange, a decision which suits her social background but not her
heart.

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 • Catherine’s inner struggle does not end with her marriage to Edgar, and when
Heathcliff appears in her life again, Catherine is torn apart by her dueling
desires to conform to societal expectations as Edgar’s wife and to reject them to
be with Heathcliff.
• Her inability to choose ultimately causes her health to deteriorate, and she
develops a “brain fever,” dying shortly after giving birth to her daughter
Catherine.

3- Hindley Earnshaw
• Hindley is Catherine’s brother, and his chronic jealousy and bitterness render
him a one-dimensional and rather unlikeable character.
• As Mr. Earnshaw’s son, he is entitled to an excellent education and a significant
inheritance upon his father’s death, but Hindley’s negative qualities show that
he is undeserving of these privileges.
• After his father’s death, Hindley abuses Heathcliff, reducing him to the rank of a
servant. Hindley eventually marries Frances, a woman he meets while away at
school.
• When Frances dies during childbirth, Hindley is genuinely devastated,
neglecting his son Hareton and gambling his money away.
• When Heathcliff reappears as a wealthy man, he lodges with Hindley at
Wuthering Heights, eager to get his revenge by humiliating Hindley and pushing
him toward further destructive behavior.
• Hindley eventually drinks himself to death, leaving Heathcliff in charge of both
Wuthering Heights and young Hareton.
4- Heathcliff

• Heathcliff, the mysterious and romantically appealing antihero of Wuthering

Heights, is known only by his first name.

• Though Heathcliff displays some deeply hostile tendencies towards other

characters in the novel, his troubled past and emotional complexity make him
an intriguing character.
• Mr. Earnshaw first encounters young Heathcliff on the streets of Liverpool and
brings him home to Wuthering Heights.
• Mr. Earnshaw clearly favors Heathcliff over his son, Hindley; and the tensions
that stem from this childhood rivalry (and, it is suggested, from the color of
Heathcliff’s skin) endure for decades.
• Heathcliff’s love for Catherine is intense and reciprocated, but because
Heathcliff has no family, and therefore, no name, wealth, nor social status, he is

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 an unsuitable match for Catherine.
• When he learns of Catherine’s intention to marry Edgar Linton of Thrushcross
Grange, Heathcliff disappears from Wuthering Heights for three years.
• He returns having made his fortune, and his disruptive and bitter presence
drives a wedge between Catherine and Edgar and ultimately leads to
Catherine’s demise.
• Heathcliff is broken by Catherine’s death and spends much of the novel
exacting revenge on those who have wronged him, taking his rage and
frustration out on anyone who crosses his path.

5- Hareton Earnshaw
• Hareton is the son of Hindley and Frances Earnshaw. Because his mother died
in childbirth, Hareton is a source of pain and resentment for his father.
• Hindley treats his son badly, and after Hindley’s death, so does Heathcliff.
• Viewing Hareton as an opportunity to exact revenge on Hindley, Heathcliff halts
Hareton's education, forcing him into the unrefined life of a servant—just as
Hindley once did to Heathcliff.
• Under Heathcliff’s care, Hareton quickly changes from a sweet young boy into a
rude and coarse young man.
• Despite Heathcliff’s abuse, Hareton retains a fierce loyalty to Heathcliff,
unaware of the extent to which Heathcliff has sabotaged his prospects.
• Hareton undergoes a major transformation upon the arrival of his cousin, Cathy
Linton, at Wuthering Heights.
• Though both are initially hostile toward one another, they eventually become
friends, and Hareton learns to read and begins to behave civilly under Cathy’s
tutelage. Though Hareton’s early life is marred by hardship and neglect, he
lands on his feet by the end of the novel. He and Cathy Linton eventually marry,
and their loving relationship represents the happy ending for which Catherine
and Heathcliff longed.
6- Frances Earnshaw
• Hindley's ailing wife and mother of Hareton Earnshaw.
• She is described as somewhat silly and is obviously from a humble family.
• Frances dies not long after the birth of her son.
The Lintons (Wuthering Heights) 7- Mr and Mrs Linton
• Edgar's and Isabella's parents, they educate their children in a well-behaved
and sophisticated way.
• Mr. Linton also serves as the magistrate of Gimmerton, as his son does in later
years.

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8- Edgar Linton
• Introduced as a child in the Linton family, he resides at Thrushcross Grange.
• Edgar's style and manners are in sharp contrast to those of Heathcliff, who
instantly dislikes him, and of Catherine, who is drawn to him.
• Catherine marries him instead of Heathcliff because of his higher social status,
with disastrous results to all characters in the story.
• He dotes on his wife and later his daughter.

9- Isabella Linton
• She is Edgar's sister.
• She views Heathcliff romantically, despite Catherine's warnings, and becomes
an unwitting participant in his plot for revenge against Edgar.
• Heathcliff marries her but treats her abusively.
• While pregnant, she escapes to London and gives birth to a son, Linton.
• She entrusts her son to her brother Edgar when she dies.

10- Linton Heathcliff

• The son of Heathcliff and Isabella.
• A weak child, his early years are spent with his mother in the south of England.
• He learns of his father's identity and existence only after his mother dies when he
is twelve.

• In his selfishness and capacity for cruelty he resembles Heathcliff; physically,

he resembles his mother.
• He marries Cathy Linton because his father, who terrifies him, directs him to do
so, and soon after he dies from a wasting illness associated with tuberculosis.

11- Cathy Linton

• The daughter of Catherine and Edgar Linton, a spirited and strong-willed girl
unaware of her parents' history.
• Edgar is very protective of her and as a result, she is eager to discover what lies
beyond the confines of the Grange.

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 • Although one of the more sympathetic characters of the novel, she is also
somewhat snobbish towards Hareton and his lack of education.
• She is forced to marry Linton Heathcliff, but after he dies she falls in love with
Hareton and they marry.
Other Characters 12- Mr. Lockwood
• The first narrator, he rents Thrushcross Grange to escape society, but in the end,
decides society is preferable.
• He narrates the book until Chapter 4, when the main narrator, Nelly, picks up the
tale.

13- Ellen (Nelly) Dean

• The main narrator of the novel, Nelly is a servant to three generations of the
Earnshaws and two of the Linton family.
• Humbly born, she regards herself nevertheless as Hindley's foster-sister (they
are the same age and her mother is his nurse).
• She lives and works among the rough inhabitants of Wuthering Heights but is
well- read, and she also experiences the more genteel manners of Thrushcross
Grange.
• She is referred to as Ellen, her given name, to show respect, and as Nelly among
those close to her.

14- Joseph
• A servant at Wuthering Heights for 60 years who is a rigid, self-righteous
Christian but lacks any trace of genuine kindness or humanity.
• He hates nearly everyone in the novel.

15- Zillah
• A servant to Heathcliff at Wuthering Heights during the period following
Catherine's death.
• Although she is kind to Lockwood, she doesn't like or help Cathy at Wuthering
Heights because of Cathy's arrogance and Heathcliff's instructions.

16- Mr. Green

• Edgar's corruptible lawyer who should have changed Edgar's will to prevent
Heathcliff from gaining Thrushcross Grange.
• Instead, Green changes sides and helps Heathcliff to inherit the Grange as his
property.

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 Themes:
Themes are described as ideas that dominate a particular piece of
literature. In almost all cases, pieces of literature will be centered on a
theme or a number of them.
1- The Destructiveness of a Love That Never Changes
• Catherine and Heathcliff’s passion for one another seems to be the center
of Wuthering Heights, given that it is stronger and more lasting than any other
emotion displayed in the novel, and that it is the source of most of the major
conflicts that structure the novel’s plot. As she tells Catherine and Heathcliff’s
story, Nelly criticizes both of them harshly, condemning their passion as immoral,
but this passion is obviously one of the most compelling and memorable aspects
of the book.
• The book is actually structured around two parallel love stories, the first half of
the novel centering on the love between Catherine and Heathcliff, while the less
dramatic second half features the developing love between young Cathy and
Hareton. In contrast to the first, the latter tale ends happily, restoring peace and
order to Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange.
• The differences between the two love stories contribute to the reader’s
understanding of why each ends the way it does. The most important feature of
Cathy and Hareton’s love story is that it involves growth and change. Early in the
novel Hareton seems irredeemably brutal, savage, and illiterate, but over time he
becomes a loyal friend to Cathy and learns to read. When Cathy first meets
Hareton he seems completely alien to her world, yet her attitude also evolves
from contempt to love.
• Catherine and Heathcliff’s love, on the other hand, is rooted in their childhood
and is marked by the refusal to change. In choosing to marry Edgar, Catherine
seeks a more genteel life, but she refuses to adapt to her role as wife, either by
sacrificing Heathcliff or embracing Edgar.
• In Chapter XII, she suggests to Nelly that the years since she was twelve years
old and her father died have been like a blank to her, and she longs to return to
the moors of her childhood. Heathcliff, for his part, possesses a seemingly
superhuman ability to maintain the same attitude and to nurse the same
grudges over many years.
• Moreover, Catherine and Heathcliff’s love is based on their shared
perception that they are identical. Catherine declares, famously, “I am

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 Heathcliff,” while Heathcliff, upon Catherine’s death, wails that he
cannot live without his “soul,” meaning Catherine. Their love denies
difference, and is strangely asexual.

2- The Precariousness of Social Class

• As members of the gentry, the Earnshaws and the Lintons occupy a
somewhat precarious place within the hierarchy of late eighteenth- and
early nineteenth- century British society. At the top of British society
was the royalty, followed by the aristocracy, then by the gentry, and
then by the lower classes, who made up the vast majority of the
population. Although the gentry, or upper middle class, possessed
servants and often large estates, they held a nonetheless fragile social
position. The social status of aristocrats was a formal and settled
matter, because aristocrats had official titles.
• Considerations of class status often crucially inform the characters’
motivations in Wuthering Heights.
• Catherine’s decision to marry Edgar so that she will be “the greatest
woman of the neighborhood” is only the most obvious example.
• The Lintons are relatively firm in their gentry status but nonetheless
take great pains to prove this status through their behaviors.
• The Earnshaws, on the other hand, rest on much shakier ground
socially.
• They do not have a carriage, they have less land, and their house, as
Lockwood remarks with great puzzlement, resembles that of a
“homely, northern farmer” and not that of a gentleman.
• The shifting nature of social status is demonstrated most strikingly in
Heathcliff’s trajectory from homeless waif to young gentleman-by-
adoption to common laborer to gentleman again (although the status-
conscious Lockwood remarks that Heathcliff is only a gentleman in
“dress and manners”).

3- The Futility of Revenge

• Revenge is a central focus of Heathcliff’s life and, in fact, drives most

of the decisions he makes later in the novel.
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 • Though Heathcliff gains some bitter satisfaction through causing pain
for others, he does not achieve any personal happiness. Instead, his
single-minded pursuit of revenge leaves him empty and exhausted.
• After being tormented by Hindley as a child, Heathcliff becomes
obsessed with the idea of getting revenge. By taking advantage of
Hindley’s debt, Heathcliff gains control of Wuthering Heights and
becomes the master of the house, a great irony considering he was
once forced to work there as a de facto servant.

Symbols:

1- Moors

Symbols are objects or figures that artists use to represent an idea.

• The constant emphasis on landscape within the text of Wuthering
Heights endows the setting with symbolic importance.
• This landscape is comprised primarily of moors: wide, wild expanses,
high but somewhat soggy, and thus infertile.
• Moorland cannot be cultivated, and its uniformity makes navigation
difficult.
• It features particularly waterlogged patches in which people could
potentially drown. (This possibility is mentioned several times in
Wuthering Heights.)
• Thus, the moors serve very well as symbols of the wild threat posed by
nature. As the setting for the beginnings of Catherine and Heathcliff’s
bond (the two play on the moors during childhood), the moorland
transfers its symbolic associations onto the love affair.
2- Windows
• The two large estates within the book create a pocket world of sorts,
where little, if anything, lies beyond their existence.
• Thus, windows both literal and figurative serve to showcase what
exists on the other side while still keeping the characters trapped.
• Heathcliff can see that the chance of escaping to a higher social class
is something impossible for himself, but achievable for Catherine;

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 figuratively he exists on one side of the window, and she on the other.
• Yet Catherine too is held back, in her case physically. When she is sick
in Chapter XII, closed windows keep her isolated and away from
Heathcliff, despite her desperation to open them so she can feel closer
to him, signifying her inability to be with him due to outside forces, like
social class, that keep them apart.
• Thus, windows can offer hope for something different, and also serve
as a mirror that shows just how affixed in place and trapped the
characters really.
• Windows also serve as a veil between life and death. At the start of the novel, for
example, Lockwood hears a branch tapping on a window, and then sees
Catherine’s ghost trying to enter through it.
• Her apparition is trying to rejoin the space that she can no longer inhabit in death.
The reader also sees this echoed in more literal terms: characters often witness,
or are witnessed by others, with windows as the common thread to expand the
scope of the world.
• An example of appears occurs early in Heathcliff and Catherine’s childhood,
when they peek through the window at Thrushcross Grange and see the
magnificence of the ornate place around them.
• The ongoing generations and cyclical trappings are finally liberated at the end of
the novel, as in death, Heathcliff and Catherine need no longer be at the mercy
of physical barriers.

Motifs
Motifs are devices or structures that are used by artists or authors to help in the
development of a theme.
1- Doubles

• Brontë organizes her novel by arranging its elements—characters, places, and

themes—into pairs.
• Catherine and Heathcliff are closely matched in many ways, and see themselves
as identical.
• Catherine’s character is divided into two warring sides: the side that wants Edgar
and the side that wants Heathcliff.
• Catherine and her daughter Cathy are both remarkably similar and strikingly
different.
• The two houses, Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange, represent
opposing worlds and values.
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 • The novel has not one but two distinctly different narrators, Nelly and Mr.
Lockwood.
• The relation between such paired elements is usually quite complicated, with the
members of each pair being neither exactly alike nor diametrically opposed.
• For instance, the Lintons and the Earnshaws may at first seem to represent
opposing sets of values, but, by the end of the novel, so many intermarriages
have taken place that one can no longer distinguish between the two families.

2- Repetition
• Repetition is another tactic Brontë employs in organizing Wuthering Heights.
• It seems that nothing ever ends in the world of this novel. Instead, time seems to
run in cycles, and the horrors of the past repeat themselves in the present.
• The way that the names of the characters are recycled, so that the names of the
characters of the younger generation seem only to be rescramblings of the
names of their parents, leads the reader to consider how plot elements also
repeat themselves.
• For instance, Heathcliff’s degradation of Hareton repeats Hindley’s degradation
of Heathcliff.
• Also, Cathy's mockery of Joseph’s earnest evangelical zealousness repeats her
mother’s.
• Even Heathcliff’s second try at opening Catherine’s grave repeats his first.

3- The Conflict Between Nature and Culture

• In Wuthering Heights, Brontë constantly plays nature and culture against each
other.
• Nature is represented by the Earnshaw family, and by Catherine and Heathcliff in
particular.
• These characters are governed by their passions, not by reflection or ideals of
civility. Correspondingly, the house where they live—Wuthering Heights— comes
to symbolize a similar wildness.
• On the other hand, Thrushcross Grange and the Linton family represent culture,
refinement, convention, and cultivation.
• When, in Chapter VI, Catherine is bitten by the Lintons’ dog and brought into
Thrushcross Grange, the two sides are brought onto the collision course that
structures the majority of the novel’s plot.
• At the time of that first meeting between the Linton and Earnshaw households,
chaos has already begun to erupt at Wuthering Heights, where Hindley’s cruelty
and injustice reign, whereas all seems to be fine and peaceful at Thrushcross
Grange.

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 • However, the influence of Wuthering Heights soon proves overpowering, and the
inhabitants of Thrushcross Grange are drawn into Catherine, Hindley, and

• Thus, the reader almost may interpret Wuthering Heights’s impact on the Linton
family as an allegory for the corruption of culture by nature, creating a curious
reversal of the more traditional story of the corruption of nature by culture.

Foreshadowing

Foreshadowing is a literary device used to give an indication or hint of what is to

come later in the story. Foreshadowing is useful for creating suspense, a feeling
of unease, a sense of curiosity, or a mark that things may not be as they seem.
• Foreshadowing in Wuthering Heights creates narrative interest and suspense. In
the initial chapters, Lockwood is confused by the strange inhabitants of
Wuthering Heights. The clues he picks up foreshadow plotlines which will later be
revealed, drawing the reader into the tale.
• For example, when Heathcliff explains that Cathy Linton is his daughter-in-law,
Lockwood notices he sends “a particular look in her direction, a look of hatred.”
• This expression on Heathcliff’s face foreshadows the revelation of his embittered
past, particularly the marriage between Catherine Earnshaw and Edgar Linton.
• Foreshadowing is also significant in the novel because of the multi-generational
storylines and the sense that characters’ destinies are being controlled by events
that happened before they were ever born.
1- Cathy’s Unhappiness in Love
• When Lockwood spends the night at Wuthering Heights, he notices how a
window ledge has “writing scratched in the paint… a name repeated in all kinds
of characters.”

• The variations on Cathy’s name with different surnames (Earnshaw, Heathcliff,

and Linton) foreshadows how Cathy’s life will be unhappy because she is torn
between different identities and different men.
• She will also become a pawn in male power struggles and class conflict when
she is just trying to make a happy life for herself.
• Thus, the childish writing of a girl trying on married names furthers an ominous
tone and reflects how Cathy’s innocence will ultimately be lost.

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2- The Arrival of Linton
• Nelly Dean recounts how Mr. Earnshaw returned from a trip to Liverpool with a
young boy who was “starving, and houseless and as good as dumb.”
• Earnshaw decides to have the boy live with him, and even though it is clear that
Heathcliff will not be treated as one of the family, he is given “the name of a son
who died in childhood.”
• Heathcliff’s arrival into his adopted family foreshadows how many years later his
own son, Linton, will arrive at Thrushcross Grange after the death of his mother.
• Although Linton is greeted more fondly by Edgar and Cathy Linton because of his
family relationship, he will not be allowed to stay.
• Heathcliff’s unhappy inability to integrate into a family foreshadows how his son
will end up torn between two families who are divided against each other.

3- Heathcliff’s Death
• After Lockwood experiences nightmares and ghostly visions while sleeping in an
oak-paneled bed at Wuthering Heights, he goes to sleep in another room.
• He looks back and sees that Heathcliff has “got on to the bed and wrenched
open the lattice.” Heathcliff also begs Catherine to come back to him one more
time.
• This action foreshadows how, at the end of the novel, Heathcliff will be found
dead on the same bed with the window wide open.
• His calling to Catherine during this time also hints at his desperate desire to be
spiritually reunited with his beloved in the afterlife.

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 Chapter Six
Summary:

• Cathy dies while giving birth to Catherine. Cathy leaves Edgar with no male heir
as the tradition demands. Edgar mourns Cathy.
• Cathy was right about her future; she was going to die. Her corpse represented
the angels making Mrs. Dean Claims, "No angels in heaven could be more
beautiful."
• Heathcliff was hiding in the garden when Mrs. Dean went to fetch him.
• Heathcliff stood still like a log. Mrs. Dean reached with the sad news.
• Heathcliff knocked his head on a tree of receiving the tragic news.
• Heathcliff sneaked into the house to mourn Cathy.
• Heathcliff dark hair replaced Edgar's light hair in the ornament on her body.
• The hair exchange symbolizes Cathy’s return to her real lover and owner of her
heart, Heathcliff.
• Isabella is pregnant and escapes to Thrushcross with a knife wound inflicted by
Heathcliff in rage.
• Heathcliff blamed God for Cathy's death claiming, he is a "senseless God."
• The reason for Isabella's escape to Thrushcross Grange starts with events earlier
in the day.
• Hindley and Isabella are resting at the parlor. Heathcliff is out of the house.
• Hindley tries to enlist the help of Isabella to kill Heathcliff.
• Isabella refused to participate in the plan despite mistreatment by Heathcliff.
• Isabella strongly believed, "treachery and violence return treachery and
violence."
• Isabella mocked Heathcliff on the death of Cathy. Her sharp tongue urged
Heathcliff to seek Cathy at the grave and, "die like the faithful dog."
• Hindley and Heathcliff fought until Hindley passed out.
• Heathcliff mourned Cathy filled with anguish for the loss.
• Isabella continued to mocking Heathcliff making him mad.
• Heathcliff attacked by a knife thrown in her direction.
• Isabella ran to Thrushcross Grange.
• Edgar became a hermit. Hindley died six months after Cathy burial.

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• Hindley was considered a weaker man compared to Edgar.
• Both come from privileged homes and lost their wives.

• One remained God-fearing and the other lost faith in God and became more
wasted.
• Edgar receives an urgent letter from Isabella that she is sick and dying and
needed someone to take care of her son Linton.
• Meanwhile, Catherine all along had never set foot out of Thrushcross Grange.
• She used her father's absence to discover the moors and Wuthering Heights.
• She met her cousin Hareton who happens to be a servant.
• Their dogs were involved in a fight at the moors. Catherine was embarrassed to
have a cousin who is a servant.
• Zillah is the one who enlightened Catherine that Hareton was indeed a cousin
and not Heathcliff’s son.
• Isabella dies, and Edgar returns to Thrushcross Grange with the body and
Linton.
• Linton is a weakling used to being pampered.
• Catherine is excited about meeting real cousin who not a servant.
• Mrs. Dean and Edgar worry that Heathcliff may want to claim the boy, Linton.
• Shortly in the evening, Joseph comes to Thrushcross asking for Linton to
accompany him to Wuthering Heights. Edgar and Joseph argue for a few
minutes and agree to present Linton the next day.
• Edgar was struggling with keeping Isabella's wish.
• Isabella may have wished that Linton maintain no contact with Heathcliff because
of his violent tendencies.

Analysis :
• The chapter discusses the themes of love, pity, and religion.
• Love has no social class when it is genuine as reflected by the
characters that fall in love across social classes.
• Everyone can change for the better.
• Pride cannot blind God is a strong statement against Christian
hypocrisy.
• Love cannot be forced, and it needs to be built on sincerity and not
mischieve.

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• Heathcliff did not love Isabella it was an opportunity to humiliate a
member of a higher social class and also to humiliate Edgar for having
taken Cathy away from him.
• There are differences as well as similarities between the two
relationships.
• First, the similarities indicate both bonds to be violent.
• The relationships were abusive, and lastly, pain and affliction occurred in both
sets of the association.

• The differences are Isabella, and Heathcliff relationship was one-sided it is

Isabella who loved.
• Heathcliff weeps when emotionally aggrieved he is helpless.
• Hindley died a violent death after leading a violent and abusive life.
• There are immense characters showing love and obsession, pity against the
judgment in this chapter. The meeting at the moors represents freedom.
• The fighting dogs represent conflicting cultures and norms that are unavoidable.
• The dog has been used symbolically in many parts of this book.
• Dogs represent the end of humanity and the beginning of irrationalism.
• The wealthy are proud to give gifts to the poor that is why a puppy from
Wuthering Heights is not welcome in Thrushcross Grange.
• Another reason is that puppies from Wuthering Heights are not trained compared
to Thrushcross Grange pets are well behaved and treated well.
• The novel brings out the characteristics of Heathcliff's son, apart from the
selfishness and violence they don't share much in common. Linton is sickly,
weak, and awkward.
• He is also very fearful. Wuthering heights appear to be the worst place one can
raise children successfully.
• It is a place full of anger, revenge, despair, and death.
• The lives of Hindley, Heathcliff, and Cathy represent the same.
• Wuthering Heights is believed to have too much evil, hatred, and violence. Male
heirs have a special place; Heathcliff needed Linton with him so that he could
implement his plan for revenge.

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A) Answer the following questions.
1- Who dies while giving birth to Catherine?
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2- What does Heathcliff pray for when Catherine dies??
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3- Who is absent from her funeral?

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4- What does the hair exchange symbolize?
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5- Who is pregnant and escapes to Thrushcross with a knife wound?

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6-Where is she buried?
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7- Why didn't isabella like the plan?

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8- What does Isabella believe about treachery and violence?

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9- Who does Heathcliff blame for Cathy's death?

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10-Why does Isabella escape to Thrushcross Grange?

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B- Comment fully on the following quotations.

1- This is your cousin Catherine.’

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2- ‘They are nothing special.’

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3- ‘Put your hat on and come home at once’

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19
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………

Chapter Seven

Summary:

• Linton was unhappy to leave Thrushcross Grange. Isabella his mother never
talked about the boy's father.
• Mrs. Dean convinced the boy to get dressed up so that he could explore the
moors. The boy enjoyed a ride to Wuthering Heights.
• Heathcliff and Joseph received the boy.
• Heathcliff promised to treat Linton well; inwardly he was disappointed the boy
didn't resemble him in any way.
• The boy in his description looked like a "puling Chicken, overfed on snail and
sour milk."
• Heathcliff decided that his son served like royalty. He hired a tutor for Linton and
made Hareton help Linton.
• Linton was precious to Heathcliff not as a son but a path to implementing his
plan. Mrs. Dean recalls a discussion she had with Zillah many years back.
• Heathcliff disliked Linton.
• His lack of sympathy made the boy "selfish and disagreeable," according to Mrs.
Dean. During Catherine's 16th Birthday she visited the moors and had an
accidental meeting with Heathcliff and Hareton.
• Catherine became curious why Hareton was not Heathcliff's son. Catherine was
invited to Wuthering Heights to find out more.
• When Catherine visited Wuthering Heights, she remembered Linton and was
pleased to meet a cousin who is not a servant.
• Catherine realized that Heathcliff was her uncle. Catherine invited Heathcliff to
Thrushcross.
• Heathcliff explained to her their previous disagreements with Edgar that made
visiting untenable.
20
• Heathcliff laments Edgar's perception of him being too poor to marry Edgar's
sister.
• Catherine invites Linton to visit at Thrushcross Grange, and the young Linton
comments that four miles are too far for him to walk to the chagrin of Heathcliff.
• Heathcliff was very disappointed with Linton inability to engage Catherine in
conversation instead choosing to sit silently.

• Hareton is requested to show Catherine around the farm. Mrs. Dean took a low
opinion of Linton.
• When Catherine went back to Thrushcross Grange, she argued with Edgar and
banned from ever visiting Wuthering Heights or contacting Linton at all.

• Catherine resorted to communicating via letter writing.

• Years later Mrs. Dean discovered the letters in Catherine's room and advised her
to burn them.

• Mrs. Dean and Catherine had a private chat one day in October. The purpose of
their discussion was the deteriorating health of Edgar and the need to Catherine
vexing him.
• The continued controversy and arguments Mrs. Dean believed could shorten the
life of Edgar and make Heathcliff and Linton happier.

• As Catherine was picking roses from a tree, her hat fell over, and she couldn't
reach it.
• The keys to the gate to the moor couldn't open. Heathcliff appeared from
nowhere riding a horse.

• Catherine accused Heathcliff of being wicked.

• Heathcliff pleads with Catherine to visit Linton.
• He claims stopping to write letters to Linton made him sick. It was about to rain,
and Catherine requested Mrs. Dean to allow her to visit Wuthering Heights.

Analysis:

• The characters from Thrushcross Grange appear more sophisticated.

• They are well mannered, dress well and have the distinct physical appearance
that is different from Wuthering Heights.
21
• Heathcliff and Linton are from different backgrounds and end up in similar
circumstances.
• Heathcliff experienced a rough childhood, while Linton had a pampered life. Life
hardened Heathcliff.
• Linton was a weakling. Linton lives in fear and does not want to be disturbed; he
is a loner who enjoys his own company.
• This chapter describes different relationships and how the environment impacts
them.
• The inhabitants of Thrushcross are sophisticated in manners, appearance, and
nature. The themes of pity and judgment discussed extensively.
• Hareton lives as a servant instead of the upper social class he should be can be
blamed on his parent's treatment of Heathcliff who they transformed from an
adopted child into a servant with no education.
• Hareton and Linton suffer different fates.
• Hareton brought up with an abusive and violent father.
• Linton grew up not knowing the father until much later.
• Linton and Hareton are both manipulated in their environments.
• The environments where lack of sympathy exist, people, grow up unsympathetic,
vengeful and violent.
• Violence is a way of lessening their pain. The chapter compares Catherine and
Cathy.
• Catherine is earthly, unselfish and empathizes.
• Catherine loves dogs and horses. On the other hand, Cathy is impatient, fiery
and thinks the moment.
• Catherine believes in the future weighs her options and decided. The rain
represents a stormy future.
• This chapter shows the cunningness of Heathcliff, and he is a wicked man full of
pretext. Revenge and nothing else motivate Heathcliff.
• Maybe marriage to Cathy would have presented a different scenario.

22
A) Answer the following questions.

1- Why did Edgar decide not to tell Catherine where Linton had gone?
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2- What does Heathcliff think of Hareton?

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3- How do Linton and Catherine treat Hareton?

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4- What does Heathcliff think when he meets his son for the first time?
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5- Who received Linton when he arrived at Wuthering Heights?

23
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6- Why did Mrs. Dean advise Catherine to burn her letters to Linton?
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7- Why did Isabella never talk about Linton's father?

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8-Who convinced Linton to explore the moors?

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9- How did Catherine find out that Heathcliff was her uncle?

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10-How did Linton describe himself?

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B- Comment fully on the following quotations.

1- That’s not my cousin is it?’

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2- ‘I want her to see Linton.’

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3- ‘I will not eat it. Take it away’

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25
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Chapter Eight

Summary

• Catherine and Mrs. Dean visit Wuthering Heights. Linton asks Catherine not to
kiss him because a kiss makes him breathless.
• Heathcliff disliked the sloppiness of Linton. He commented, Linton, to be "painful,
shuffling and worthless something."
• Linton is interested in marrying Catherine; to take care of him.
• An argument ensues about who caused the rift in the two families, and everyone
defended their parents.
• Catherine shoves Linton from the chair, and Linton feigns hurt. Mrs. Dean
intervenes and takes time making Linton comfortable on the seat.
• On return to Thrushcross Grange, Mrs. Dean catches the fever and gets unwell
for three weeks. Catherine takes care of both Mrs. Dean and Edgar during the
day and sneaks out at night to take care of Linton in Wuthering Heights.
• Michael, a servant, was instrumental in enabling Catherine to sneak out at night
in exchange for books.
• Mrs. Caught Catherine is sneaking; forcing her to confess what has been
happening and pleading with Mrs. Dean not to inform the father. One a particular
day, Hareton tried to impress Catherine by his ability to read Catherine.
• Having limited knowledge of schooling, Hareton was embarrassed.
• He was annoyed that he attached Linton in his room making him bleed almost
choking.
• Catherine on seeing the violence runs to fetch Joseph to assist. Joseph a
servant, who knows the history of the Earnshaws and the Lintons, commented
"Hareton finally realized he is the master.
• Catherine narrates the happenings at Wuthering Heights and begs Mrs. Dean not
to share the same with Edgar.
• Mrs. Dean is a loyal servant who is extremely loyal to the master. Edgar’s death
threatens, and he is the force to consider the future of the Lintons and Catherine.

26
 Lintons was persistent is writing letters to Edgar asking for marriage with
Catherine.
• Edgar discussed at length with Mrs. Dean that the surest way to ensure a
comfortable and permanent residence in Thrushcross was through marriage to
Linton who was a male heir to the property.

• Linton assured Edgar that a yearly wage had been set aside for Catherine and
permission was granted.
• Edgar allowed Mrs. Dean to accompany Catherine to see Linton weekly at the
Moors.
• Catherine and Linton had developed a working relationship where each would
travel only half the distance for their meeting.
• As Linton grew weaker and sicker, he became unable to take the trip. Linton
begged Catherine not to divulge the fact that he was unwell to Edgar.
• Linton was pale, weak and losing strength with time. Linton becomes more
withdrawn, confused, and snappish. Linton was having poor health and getting
weaker.

Analysis:

• Relationships differ from person to person. Cathy relationship with Heathcliff was
passionate and real.
• When they broke up, both were deeply hurt emotionally and physically.
• The relationship between Edgar and Cathy was more intellectual than romance.
• It was a conspiracy against the heart to neglect the one Cathy loved.
• Similarly, Catherine and Linton more intellectual marriage since there was no
chemistry between them.
• The violent Heathcliff forced the relationship between Linton and Catherine.
• Linton was shy or inexperienced to refuse kisses from Catherine.
• Catherine appears brought up a social person, cultured and human.
• Catherine has a special relationship with the servants.
• Humility expected from leaders and masters that is the way to fight injustice.
Mrs. Deans acts as the morality keeper of the community.

• Zillah and Joseph, the servants, always treated visitors well. Mrs. Dean
frequently discouraged revenge and violence.
• Heathcliff was advised to keep away revenge plans.
• Servants are very observant and keep records in their mind. Joseph commented
on Hareton realizing he is the boss.
• It may be a pointer that he will eventually recover his worth.
27
 • When the marriage became inevitable, Edgar was forced to change the will.
• He considered several options and agreed the most viable way of writing the will
that still protected the property.
• The insistence of a male heir protects the property from being grabbed.

• Catherine selfless duty in nursing the sick shows a good heart.

• Catherine's humanity and humility are demonstrated in nursing of Mrs. Dean,
Edgar, and Linton. Catherine is the face of good. The marriage between Linton
and Catherine was against their will.
• Linton was too sick and inexperienced to romance while Catherine was young
and inexperienced to understand the intricacies of relationships.
• Catherine assumes Linton's illness and tries to love Linton. Linton is too afraid to
talk about his feeling because of fear he follows what Heathcliff advice.Marriage
between cousins is absurd too. Heathcliff had a plan that he had to accomplish;
he is shrewd and wicked.

A-) Answer the following questions.

1. What did Edgar agree to let Catherine do?

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2. How was Linton when they arrived?

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3. Why was Hareton so furious?

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4. What did Hareton do to try to apologize?

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5- What does Hareton try to impress Catherine with?

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6- What does Heathcliff dislike about Linton?

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7- What does Edgar believe is the surest way for the Lintons to have a
comfortable and permanent residence in Thrushcross?

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8- Who takes care of Linton in Wuthering Heights?

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B-) Comment fully on the following quotations.

You shouldn’t have laughed at him’

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2- ‘I sobbed and wept.’
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3- ‘But people sometimes hate their wives.’
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30
……………………………………………………………………………………

Chapter Nine
Summary:

• Heathcliff has succeeded in piling pressure on Linton to marry Catherine.

• Heathcliff is interested in the inheritance knowing very well that Linton has no
future.
• Mrs. Dean accompanies Catherine as usual when Linton becomes angry
because Catherine got late.
• Heathcliff tricks Mrs. Dean and Catherine to visit Wuthering heights, pretending
that Linton was too sick to walk.
• He locks them up in Wuthering Heights forcing Catherine to spend a night with
Linton in Zillah room. The next morning, Catherine is allowed to go back to see
her father, Edgar.
• Mrs. Dean detained for a further five nights. Heathcliff was determined to get
Catherine and Linton married before Edgar died.
• The purpose of the quick marriage was for inheritance.
• Lintons fear of Heathcliff made him active otherwise he was a spoilt child.
• Linton loved his own company.
• Catherine is pursuer who chases her dream. She is critical and asks questions.
She balances issues as appropriate.
• Mrs. Dean freed after the forced captivity. Unfortunately, she cannot find
Catherine.
• Heathcliff has cleverly ensured that his plan executed without delay.
• Catherine was locked in Linton's bedroom and the two forced to marry.
• Linton then bragged that he is not supposed t be soft, marrying Catherine means
to him owning everything that Catherine has from her books, pretty birds and all.
• Mrs. Dean sends workers to try help free Catherine, but Linton would not
cooperate.
• Heathcliff violently attacks Catherine when she screams for attention.
• Catherine is helped to escape by Linton after having been promised
many things. Linton has learned to be sleazy as Heathcliff.
• Edgar is forced to amend the will which he obliged stating the property
will change to the next male heir Catherine sires.

31
• Edgar dies on Catherine's hands without knowledge of what happened. The
Lawyer Mr. Green varied allegiance to Heathcliff, many servants fired at
Thruthcross Grange.
• Edgar funeral passes and Heathcliff visits Thrushcross Grange with Catherine to
accompany her back to Wuthering Heights.
• Heathcliff planned to rent the property thus sending away the servants. Linton
had acquired the bad habits of Heathcliff.
• He was heard boasting how he wished he had strength like Heathcliff to mistreat
Catherine.
• Heathcliff boasts to have dug up Cathy’s grave and looking forward to being
buried in the same casket.
• Heathcliff warns Mrs. Dean not to visit Catherine at Wuthering Heights. Mr.
Lockwood rents Thrushcross from Heathcliff.
• Zillah and Mrs. Dean converse in low tones about the events at Wuthering
Heights. Linton was unwell, and when Catherine came back, she rushed to check
on him upstairs.
• In a panic she sought help in getting a doctor to see Linton, Heathcliff objected.
Catherine struggled in nursing Linton until his demise.
• Zillah, the servant on seeing how tormented Catherine was encouraged the
romance between Catherine and Hareton.
• Catherine was a bit sophisticated for the cousin servant Hareton. Heathcliff was
the wicked man; he made Linton sign a will giving him the Thrushcross Grange
property.
• In law, a minor could not transact, and thus the owner of the property was
Catherine.
• Mr. Lockwood decided he was planning to vacate Thrushcross Grange and
planned to meet Heathcliff. Lockwood visits Wuthering Heights to meet
Heathcliff.
• He arrived at the gate and found it locked. He called it the "Jealous gate."
Hareton saw Mr. Lockwood in through the kitchen door where Catherine was
cooking.
• At the parlor, Mr. Lockwood passed the note from Mrs. Dean which Hareton
grabbed although he could hardly read.
• Hareton and Catherine get along with many arguments.
• Hareton is a quick learner; he has adopted the abusive and violent
nature of Heathcliff.
• He terrorizes Catherine.
• Mr. Lockwood while on a hunting trip opts to visit Wuthering Heights to
settle his rental commitment.

32
• When he approached, he found the gate open.
• The servant who received Mr. Lockwood could not converse much and talk of
“Mistress” Dean. As he came closer to the house, he heard Hareton and
Catherine conversing.
• Catherine was teaching Hareton how to read and write.
• The motivation and punishment model adopted a mistake a slap, and correct
attempts were kisses from a beautiful lady, Catherine. Mr. Lockwood advised he
could pay rent to Catherine or Mrs. Dean.
• Mr. Lockwood was surprised that Heathcliff died three months earlier.
• Catherine and Hareton transformed into speaking one mind, and it was Mrs.
Deans wish that they get married.
• The relationship between Hareton and Catherine seem to have taken Heathcliff
by surprise.
• Continuing with his plans were now worthless, he chased a mirage.
• The story of Heathcliff's death followed some events.
• Catherine and Hareton annoyed Joseph having removed trees and planted a
flower garden.
• Joseph reported to Heathcliff with threats that he could leave. Heathcliff also
realized that Catherine and Hareton's love made his plan untenable.
• Catherine believed Hareton would defend him, unlike in the past when she was
all alone. Heathcliff shouted at the two who stood their grounds accusing
Heathcliff of taking their money.
• Heathcliff lost his mind and grabbed Catherine's hair.
• Hareton pleaded with Heathcliff to forgive just one time. The next day they all ate
dinner in silence. Later Mrs. Dean and Heathcliff remained to converse.
• Heathcliff complained of a "poor conclusion" he observed that Hareton had the
personifications of his youth with all the degradation, pride, hopes and anguish. A
strange illness seems to have consumed Heathcliff in his final days.
• He became restless, happy and unable to eat.
• Heathcliff becomes cheerful and bright, unlike his usual nature.
• His comments left people confused.
• He was heard commenting how his night was a nightmare, hellish
while the day is like heaven.
• It appears Heathcliff had a vision of the end days. He behaved like a
madman who would talk to himself, grab things in the air and keep own
company.
• Joseph being superstitious recommended calling a church minister of
which Heathcliff disagreed.
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• Heathcliff was found dead in Cathy's childhood bedroom with the window open,
and his body being rained on. Later there were reports that a young boy herding
a lamb and two sheep were found crying at night having refused to join the
Heathcliff and Cathy's ghosts.

Analysis

• Linton is morally weak and physically dying to initiate a reasonable marriage

relationship.
• He was fearful of Heathcliff choosing to do his bidding. Catherine decides to fight
for what he believes is right.
• Catherine prevents Hindley from shooting Heathcliff instead suffering injuries.
• Catherine is a strong woman who believes in doing the right thing irrespective of
the circumstances.
• When forced into marriage in the period when his father Edgar was also sick, she
chose to suffer in silence with humility.
• Revenge as a theme is discouraged. Heathcliff regarded as a cruel and violent
person.
• Women during Victorian era had no rights. The time people who were corrupt
could easily acquire property.
• The subject of inheritance affects many families with dependants.
• The greed to be wealth as a means to fight back prejudice may have motivated
Heathcliff’s actions of being violent and selfish.
• Lawyers are never loyal they serve whoever is willing to write a cheque.
• The heathcliffs scheme was perfect he was going to control both Wuthering
Heights and Thrushcross Grange.
• Heathcliff exerts his authority by firing servants in Thrushcross Grange a means
of erasing past painful memories.
• Mrs. Dean appears to represent continuity in the changing fortunes.
• The subjects of ghosts revealed from the complex relation of Cathy and
Heathcliff. Catherine is boastfull "Campion" while Heathcliff remains the face of
violence and abuse. Linton on the other hand only cared about his comfort.
• He feared his dad hence made an effort not to annoy him.
• Without pressure from Heathcliff, Linton would be more useless and worthless.
• Fear motivated him to make efforts to please Heathcliff.
• It is difficult to please someone who is never satisfied and has different
motivations. The differences in the world are brought about by the social aspects
of culture. When Catherine came back to see Linton, she forgot to greet Zillah,

34
 the servant and he took offense.
• The servants loved Catherine, and they knew she was good-hearted. In
Thrushcross the servant helped her sneak out in exchange for books.

• The servants have a special relationship with their masters.

• Linton has already fulfilled his role in the set thus had to exit fast.
• Linton was no longer relevant to the narrative.
• The session compares the concept of pity and judgment.
• Mr. Lockwood narration from the first time he requested for renting space and
when he returned to make good his promise a lot have changed.

• His coming to pay his rental dues is a gentlemanly action.

• Mr. Lockwood trip makes a complete circle of events. There is the change in
Wuthering Heights.
• One explanation may be the many inhabitants of Thrushcross Grange have
crossed over and influenced the culture back to Victorian times. The competitors
are aware we exist.
• The gates that were previously locked are wide open and inviting. The death of
Heathcliff was a welcome relief.

• The culture and social habits of the people of Wuthering Heights have changed
for the better.
• Mr. Lockwood is mesmerized by his new experience. The society is changing,
and their needs also change.
• In the past, people valued happiness, love, and openness. People have become
impatient, and they don't care; they want "rights" through wrongs.
• The chapter brings out the aspect of truth and good always triumphs. Sleaze and
deceit that people work on so hard only to realize it is vanity.

• Heathcliff realized he can't fight nature and one cannot force things in a certain
way always with success.
• The chapter represents the past and the future. Joseph the Christian hypocrite
has a low opinion of women.

• Joseph threats on the destruction of trees are not addressed.

• Cathy’s ghost represents the past. The future is represented by Hareton and
Catherine.
• In a way, the love between Hareton and Catherine compares with the previous
35
 relationship between Heathcliff and Cathy in their youth.
• Heathcliff's love was an obsession. Cathy is the only match that understood
Heathcliff.

• Hareton and Catherine seemed uncertain. With the deaths, the spirit world may
ignore the current people.
• The spiritual and the moral dimension of being truthful is still a dilemma.
• Death to Heathcliff provided safety and peace according to the Heathcliff. What
good people choose to do, have long-term repercussions?
• When good people become silent in the face of injustice it only propagates
violence. Unfairness and all forms of evil; are faced with good, humility, duty, and
love.

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 A) Answer the following questions.

1- Consider the impending marriage of Hareton and Cathy. What is the significance
of the union? How does it reflect on the rest of the novel??

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2- What final comments do Nelly and Lockwood make regarding the dead? How do
they seem to fit in with the final events of the novel??

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3- At the end of the novel, a romance develops between whom?

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4- How long was Mrs. Dean detained at Wuthering Heights?

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5- Why was Mrs. Dean unable to find Catherine after being freed?

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6- What did Heathcliff plan to do with the property?

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7- What did Catherine teach Hareton?

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8- What did the young boy and the sheep cry about?

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B- Comment fully on the following quotations.

1- I have come to pay my rent.’

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9- ‘I can’t stand her crying.’

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3- ‘Father wants us to be married.’

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