A Student Supplementary Handout for Independent Learning

高1-9 Applied English | Language

CREATED BY: MS. T. JARIÑO NAME:_____________________

LESSON CONTENTS:
Section 1 : WARM-UP
Section 2 : LANGUAGE NOTE 1
Section 3 : WORD GROUP EXERCISE
Section 4 : LANGUAGE NOTE 2
Section 5 : ADJECTIVE CLAUSE EXERCISE
Section 6 : LANGUAGE NOTE 3
Section 7 : CITATION EXERCISE
Section 8 : LANGUAGE NOTE 4
Section 9 : TYPES OF DEFINITION EXERCISE
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SECTION 1 | WARM-UP
Directions: Look back at the four mentor texts that you read. Write down examples of complex
sentences from each text.

GOSSIP

KENDO

CHOLERA

COURAGE

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SECTION 2 | LANGUAGE NOTES 1

WORD
A word is a unit of language, consisting of one or more spoken
sounds or their written representation, that functions as a principal
carrier of meaning.

Examples:
Word

teacher

chocolate

basketball

WORD GROUP
A word group is any general or comprehensive class or category
where a word belongs to.

Examples:
Word Word Group

teacher person

chocolate food

basketball sport

DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTIC
Distinguishing characteristic is a feature, a prominent attribute or
aspect of something

Examples:

Word Word Group Distinguishing Characteristic

teacher person who helps others acquire knowledge, values, and

competencies

chocolate food that is in the form of a paste or solid block made

from roasted and ground cacao seeds, typically
sweetened and eaten as confectionery

basketball sport which goals are scored by throwing a ball through

a netted hoop fixed at each end of the court

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SECTION 3 | WORD GROUP EXERCISE
Directions: Look at the following words, idea, or concept. Write down the possible group each
word belongs to.

Word Word Group

1) kimono

2) jiu jitsu

3) kindness

4) Friday

5) emperor

6) summer

7) knowledge

8) Obon

9) best friend

10) Mt. Fuji

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SECTION 4 | LANGUAGE NOTES 2

CLAUSE

A clause is any group of words that contains a subject (noun) and a

predicate (verb). Another way to look at it is that a clause must have
something (subject) performing an action (predicate).

INDEPENDENT CLAUSE

An independent clause is a group of words that contains a subject

and a predicate (subject + predicate). It can stand alone as a full or
complete thought. It can be modified by dependent clauses to add
further information.

DEPENDENT CLAUSE

A dependent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and

a predicate that is subordinated by a relative pronoun or a
conjunction (______________ + subject + predicate) which makes it
dependent on the main clause for completion.

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

A type of clause preceded by a relative pronoun that modifies the

subject or object in the sentence. It is also called a relative clause.

RELATIVE PRONOUN

Relative pronouns mark relative clauses in a sentence. It is usually

used to modify a noun or a pronoun antecedent (subject or object)
and give further information about it.

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SECTION 5 | ADJECTIVE CLAUSE EXERCISE
A. Directions: Look back at the following words, idea, or concept. Copy the group each word
belongs to. Add a distinguishing characteristic using an adjective clause (relative clause).

Word Word Group Distinguishing Characteristic

1) kimono

2) jiu jitsu

3) kindness

4) Friday

5) emperor

6) summer

7) knowledge

8) Obon

9) best
friend

10) Mt. Fuji

Page 6
B. Directions: Use the information in Activity A to create complex sentences with adjective
clauses (relative clauses).

Topic Sentence

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)

8)

9)

10)

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SECTION 6 | CITATION

CITATION

A “citation” is the way you tell your readers that certain material in
your work came from another source. It also gives your readers the
information necessary to find the location details of that source on
the reference or Works Cited page.

TYPES OF CITATION

- IN-TEXT CITATION

In-text citation is a brief reference within the body of the paper that
indicates the source of a direct or paraphrased quotation.

DIRECT QUOTATION
A direct quote (or direct quotation) is the exact words taken
from an original source and used in a second piece of writing.

INDIRECT QUOTATION

An indirect quote (or indirect quotation) is the idea or fact

taken from an outside source and used in a second piece of
writing.

- FULL TEXT CITATION

Full-text citation refers to the complete bibliographic information of

a source listed at the end of a paper in the Works Cited page.

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SECTION 7 | CITATION EXERCISE
Directions: Find sources that describe or define the following words below. Choose five words to
write direct quotations and five words to write indirect quotations. Write in-text citations.

Word Direct Quotation Indirect Quotation

1) kimono

2) jiu jitsu

3) kindness

4) Friday

5) emperor

6) summer

7) knowledge

8) Obon

9) best friend

10) Mt. Fuji

Page 9
SECTION 8 | LANGUAGE NOTE 4

Supporting the topic sentence using other types of definition.

Types of Description
Definition

DENOTATION Denotation is a definition that

suggests the literal or primary
meaning of a term; the
dictionary meaning of a term.

CONNOTATION Connotation is a definition that

illustrates the implied or abstract
meaning of a term in addition to its
literal or primary meaning.

ENUMERATION
Enumeration is a list that provides a
number of characteristics of a term.

ANALOGY Analogy is a comparison between

two things that is intended
typically for the purpose of
clarification.

NEGATION Negation is a description of

something that states what it is
not.

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SECTION 9 | TYPES OF DEFINITION EXERCISE
Directions: Choose a word from the word list above. Write down other types of definition of the
word.

Word: Definition

DENOTATION

CONNOTATION

ENUMERATION

ANALOGY

NEGATION

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