Experiment # 2 20/28

THE BUNSEN BURNER

Group Number: _Group 6____________ Year/Section: _BSN 1 - A1___ __

Date Performed: _August 23, 2022 Date Submitted: August 24, 2022
Members: Florendo, Franz Axel G.
Tingson, Abigail M.

Objective: To identify the different parts of the Bunsen burner and how to use it properly.

Apparatus and Materials: Bunsen burner, rubber tubing, matches, evaporating dish, white
cardboard, powdered charcoal

Procedure:

1. Examine your burner. Notice that it is composed of a base with a slide tube; the gas inlet,
into which the gas enters from the gas supply. A tube, called the barrel, with two air holes
near the base is screwed to the base. A band, called the collar or ring, fits around the
bottom of the tube which has also two air holes. Some burners are not provided with
rings and the tube is so adjusted that it can be unscrewed to form an airspace from the
base. These burners have gas regulators screwed to the base. Unscrew the tube from the
base and notice that a small jet is set in the base, through which gas issues. This opening
is called the gas spud or gas outlet. Attach the tube to the base.

Make a sketch of the Bunsen burner and label the different parts:

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air hole

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 what about the air hole? 4/6
Give the function of each:
barrel - is used to raise the flame to a suitable height for burning and where
the air and gas mix.
collar - is used to control the amount of air entering the barrel and the heat of
the flame.
gas inlet - is used to connect the Bunsen burner to the gas jet through a rubber
gas intake tube and where gas enters the burner.
gas spud - is used to control the amount of gas entering the barrel and makes the
flame larger and smaller. function of regulator or valve, not of the spud
base - is used to keep the Bunsen burner stable by supporting and remaining
cool to allow safe relocation of the instrument during or after use.

2. Connect the burner to the gas supply with a rubber tubing. Close the air holes by
adjusting the ring. Bring a lighted match to the side of the barrel near the top and turn on
the gas supply.
1/2
Describe the color and size of the flame.

When a lighted match is placed near the top of the barrel and the gas supply is
turned on, a yellow flame appears that is about 1-2 inches tall.

3. Next, slowly open the air holes and note the changing appearance of the flame. What
influence does the amount of air mixing with the gas have on the appearance of the
flame?

The amount of air that mixes with the gas causes the flame to turn a stable
blue color. When combustion is complete, additional energy is released along
with unburned gas, which creates a blue flame. it's the open air holes that causes a flame to
become blue
Lots of oxygen burns in the flame of the yellow flame, which transforms into a
blue flame, causing open air holes in the Bunsen burner. When combustion is
complete, additional energy is released along with unburned gas, which causes
a blue flame.

4. Close the air holes and hold a porcelain evaporating dish on the flame until the bottom
becomes black.

What is the black substance deposited on the bottom of the dish? 2/3

The black substance deposited on the bottom of the dish is called soot or black
carbon.

What is its chemical name?

The chemical name for soot is acetylene black.

carbon
is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)

What makes the flame luminous?

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 Flame becomes luminous when there are more carbons and it makes the flame
brighter. It happens when the opening of air is closed resulting in too little air in
the mixture therefore gas mixture will not burn completely and will form carbon
particles.

5. Open the air holes gradually until a blue or nearly colorless flame is obtained. Hold a
clean evaporating dish on this non-luminous flame (blue flame).

Is there a black substance deposited on it?

3/4
Yes. There is a black substance deposited on it.

Spray a pinch of powdered charcoal in this flame.What happens to the color of the flame?

The blue flame turned yellow and there are sparks happening upon spraying a
pinch of powdered charcoal on it.

What happens to solid objects such as powdered charcoal when they become very hot?

When solid objects such as powdered charcoal become very hot it results to
colorless carbon monoxide gas…. Way na me kabalo ka sugpon hehehe
Never do this again. This is a technical report.
Based from this observation, what makes a gas flame luminous?
on
Based to our observations, a gas flame turns brilliant when there is insufficient
oxygen present due to small to close air gaps, which causes numerous
microscopic carbon particles to be produced. Additionally, an incomplete
combustion is taking place.

6. Study the structure of the non-luminous flame. Note that there seems to be two cones,
one inside the other. Determine the relative temperature in different parts of the flame by
holding a matchstick horizontally across the flame and noting the time it takes for the
matchstick to ignite.

a. over the tip of the barrel_____________________________________________

b. about ½ inch higher ________________________________________________
c. at the tip of the inner blue cone of the flame _____________________________
d. about ½ inch higher_________________________________________________

What part of the flame is the hottest? The hottest part of the flame is at the tip of the
blue part of the flame.
____________________________________________________________________
What part of the flame is the coolest? The coolest part of the flame is in the middle
zone.
____________________________________________________________________

Draw a sketch of the non-luminous flame and indicate the hottest and coolest parts.

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 7. Quickly thrust a piece of white cardboard vertically through the center of the flame, the
lower end of the cardboard resting against the top of the burner. Remove the cardboard
before it is ignited and examine the scorched portion.

Which part of the cardboard burns first? _______________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
From this result, which part of the nonluminous flame is the hottest?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Which part is the coolest?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

8. Keep the burner lighted for about 20 minutes with the air holes opened. Slowly turn off
the gas supply until a flame is observed at the gas spud. This phenomenon is called
“striking back”. Note that the lower part gets hot. Continuous burning results in the
production of carbon monoxide. When the burner strikes back, it should be turned off
immediately.

Result: (THIS PART IS ADVISED BY THE LECTURER NOT TO ANSWER)

Conclusion: 2/2

Overall, we can say that a bunsen burner is a heat source that produces a continuous
flame that can be manually controlled by adjusting the temperature, intensity, and
dimensions of the flame. An irregularly shaped yellow or orange flame was created when
a lit matchstick was placed on top of the barrel and the gas supply was turned on; when
the air holes were opened, the flame changed to blue. The blue flame is a non-luminous
flame that does not produce soot because it has more oxygen than the yellow/orange
flame, which produces soot and turns the bottom of the dish black when it burns.
According to the findings, the blue flame is hotter than the yellow-orange flame because
it burns for less time and a "full combustion" occurs nearby.

Questions:

1. What are the two kinds of flame that can be obtained from the Bunsen burner?

Luminous and non-luminous flames. 2/2

2. How is each kind obtained? Luminous - closed air holes; nonluminous - open

A luminous flame is obtained by opening the air holes of the Bunsen burner, whereas a
non-luminous flame is obtained by closing the air holes of the Bunsen burner.

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3. When using the burner for heating purposes, why should the nonluminous flame be used?

In experiments, non-luminous flames are preferred because they are hot and not sooty.
The non-luminous flame indicates complete combustion and is more efficient in terms of
heat transfer. Complete combustion indicates that the gas is being burned efficiently,
allowing you to get the most heat output without burning or sooting your lab equipment.

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