MINUTES

GENETICS THIRTY
UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT
OF
BIOCHEMISTRY SUBMITTED
AND
MEDICAL
UNIVERSITY FACULTY
OF
MEDICINE
AND HOUR
TEST
4ASSESMENT
LUSAKA
APEX PAPERS
MEDICAL ONE
BIOCHEMISTRY
LAMU) EXCELLENG
ALLOWED:
ALL
NOWLEDGE&
TEST.
ON
APEX NO.
TIME QUESTIONS.
CHOICE
THIS QUESTIONS. COMPUTER
QUESTIONS.
LUSAKA
MEDICAL TO
2023 (04) QUESTION.
ESSAY
SECTIONS ANSWER AND
FALSE
17THAPRIL QUESTIONS.
NAME
MULTIPLE
SECTION
I: OR
SHORT
JULY
INTAKE
2022 FOUR
THERE
ARE TRUE YOUR
MONDAY,INSTRUCTIONS
IV: ALL
ANSWER
SECTION
II: III: INDICATE
SECTION
SECTION
DATE:
 1
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SHEET. ANSWVER PROVIDED YOUR CHOICE
ON YOUR ANSWER
OF THE WRITE MARKS). (20
IC QUESTIONS
THIS IN TWENTY ARE THEREQUESTIONS. CHOICE MULTIPLE SECTIONI:
 sodium is an important electrolyte in the maintenance of:
A. The sodium and potassium pump.
B. The osmotic pressure of the extracellular fluid.
C. Acid-base balance.
D. Alldhe above.
17. Which of the following element is found in the prosthetic group of the
A. Zinc.
vitamin Bl2:
B. Cobalt.
C. Magnesium.
D. Selenium.
18. Non- functionalenzymes that are found in the plasma include the following EXCEPT:
A. Cholinesterase.
B. Lactate dehydrogenase.
C. Alanine aminotransferase.
D. Aspartate aminotransferase.
19.Which of the following plasma protein is NOT atransport protein;
A. Albumin.
B. Transferrin.
C. Lipoprotein.
D. Immunoglobulins.
20. Water soluble vitamins include the following EXCEPT:
A. Niacin.
B. Riboflavin.
C. Menadione.
D. Cyanocobalamin

SECTION II: TRUEOR FALSE. THERE ARE TWENTY (20) QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION (20 MARKS).
WRITE DOWN THE WORD TRUE OF FALSE IN YOUR PROVIDED ANSWER SHEET FOR EÀCH QUESTION
1. House-keeping genes are transiently expressed in the cell.
2. An inducer promotes gene expression.

3. P53 is atumour suppressor gene that ensures that DNA gets repaired before the cell proceeds to the Sphase.
4. Thyroxine is an amino acid-based hormone that is water-soluble.

5. One of the features of prokaryotic DNA is an apparent lack of histones.

6. A
defect in DNA repair genes is not associated with carcinogenesis.
7. One gene can code for more than one polypeptide chain including a regulatory protein.
8. Acetylation of histones causes eukaryotic chromatin to become tightly packed and unavailable for transcription.
9. Allcells, with the exception of antibody-producing cells, contain same genes.

10. DNA methylation at deoxycytidine leads to higher rate of transcription.

eukaryotes.
11. mRNAis degraded more rapidly in prokaryotes than in
2
T2. A proto-oncogene is a cancer-causing gene.
13. The protein zein in maize lacks the essential amino acid tryptophan.
14. Carboxyglutamate is anon -standard amino acid found in prothrombin.
15. Potassium is the major electrolyte in the extracellular fluid.
16. Apoferitin transports iron in the plasma.
17. The plasma protein albumin is a glycoprotein.
18. Gamma globulins are synthesized in the lymphocytes.
19. Cholesterol is widely distributed in plants.
20. Vitamin B12 deficiency causes megaloblastic anemia.

SECTION III: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS. THERE ARE EIGHT (8) SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS IN
THIS SECTION,EACH QUESTION CARRIES FIVE (05) MARKS (40 MARKS). ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS.
1. What is a gene? Give two reasons why gene expression is regulated.
2. The operon model explains how control of gene expression happens in prokaryotes. State five (5) components of the Lac
operon ofE.coli bacteria stating the function of each.
3. Define hormones. Differentiate between the mechanism of action of peptide hormones and steroid homones on target cells.
4. Inactivation of tumour suppressor genes causes cancer.
a.
Name two genes that play the role of tumour suppression.
b. For each of the genes named above, state which cellcycle check point they regulate.
5. List four methods of control of transcription (gene expression) in eukaryotic cells.
6. What are trace elements? What is the trace element that forms part of the structure of vitamin B12. Explain why vitamin B12
deficiency causes a megaloblastic anaemia.
7. Vitamins play major metabolic roles in metabolic reactions.
a. List the fat-soluble vitamins.
b. Explain the structure and function of any fat-soluble vitamin that you have listed in (a) above.
8. Immunoglobulins are proteins found in the plasma.
a. Explain the role of iminunoglobulins in the human body.
b. Draw the structure of theimmunoglobulin type G(IgG).

SECTION IV: THERE IS ONE ESSAY QUESTION IN THIS SECTION WHCH IS COMPULSORY. THE ESSAY
QUESTION CARRIES 20 MARKS.

Water-soluble vitamins form coenzymes that are important in metabolic processes in the human body.
A. List five water soluble vitam ins and the coenzyme that is produced from each of the vitamin that you have listed and
explain the type of reaction that the coenzyme iS involved in. Write the names of the coenzymes in full.
(10 Marks.)
B. Outline two (02) metabolic reactions that each of the coenzyme you have listed in (A) above is involved in.
(10 Marks)