INDIA AND ITS SURROUNDING

 Physical Aspects:
 Southern most latitude of India: 06 45/ North
o

 Northern most latitude of India: 37o6/ North

 Southern most latitude of Indian main land: 08o4/ North
 Tropic of Cancer (23o30/ North) Passes through middle of India. It passes through the
following states: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal
(Purulia, Bankura, Bardwan, Nadia) , Tripura and Mizoram
 Ranchi is the capital city which is situated nearest to the tropic of cancer
 Western most longitude of India: 68o7/ East
 Eastern most longitude of India: 97o25/ East
 Indian Standard Longitude: 82o30/ East
 Longitudinal difference between eastern most and western most place of India is: 14 o45/
 Local Time Difference Between Eastern most and Southern most Part of the Country is: 117
M 12 S or 1hour 57minutes 12seconds
 Time difference between Indian Standard Time (IST) and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is: +
5 H 30 M
 Time difference between Local Standard Time (LST) of Kolkata and IST is: + 24 Minutes
 Time difference between LST of Kolkata and GMT is: + 5 H 54 M
 Indian Standard Time is same with Sri Lanka
 Indian Standard Longitude passes through the following states: Uttar Pradesh, Madhya
Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Orissa and Andhra Pradesh
 Tropic of Cancer and Indian Standard Longitude intersect each other in Chhattisgarh
 Tropic of Cancer and Indian Standard Longitude both passes through over Madhya Pradesh
and Chhattisgarh
 Distance between southern most point of India and Equator is 876 km
 Northern most point of India (Administrated): Indira Col on siachen glacier in Jammu and
Kashmir
 Northern most point of India (Disputed): Dafdar near Beyik Pass in Jammu and Kashmir
 Northern most point of India (Undisputed): Dharwas in Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh
 Southern most point of India: Indira Point (Pygmalion Point) in Great Nicobar Island
 Southern most point of Indian Main land: Kanyakumarika / Cape of Comorin in Tamil Nadu
 Eastern most point of India (Disputed): Kibithu in Anjaw district of Arunachal Pradesh
 Eastern most point of India (Undisputed): Kumki in Changlang district of Arunachal Pradesh
 Western most point of India: Guhar Moti in Kachchh district of Gujarat
 Highest peak of India(Disputed): King of Karakoram (Godwin Austen) in Karakoram Range
(J&K)
 Highest peak of India(Undisputed): Kanchenjunga on India Nepal border in North Sikkim
 Highest peak of India (Entirely in India): Nanda Devi of Garhwal Himalaya in Uttarakhand
 Lowest Place of India: Kuttanad in Alappuzha district of Kerala

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  Political Aspects:

 Total geographical area: 32,87,263 sq km (Seven Largest Country after Russia, Canada,
China, USA, Brazil and Australia) India cover 2.4% area respect to the world
 Total population: 1,21,01,93,422 persons (Second Largest Country after China) as per 2011
census, India cover 17.5 % population respect to the world
 North – South extension of India: 3,214 km
 East – West extension of India: 2,933 km
 Largest and smallest of India:
Topic Area Wise Population Wise Population Density
Wise
Largest State Rajasthan Uttar Pradesh Bihar
Smallest State Goa Sikkim Arunachal Pradesh
Largest Union Andaman and Delhi Delhi
Territory Nicobar
Smallest Union Lakshadweep Lakshadweep Andaman and Nicobar
Territory
Largest District Kachchh (Gujarat) North 24 PGS (WB) North Eastern Delhi
Smallest District Mahe (Puducherry) Dibang Valley Dibang Valley (ArP)
(ArP)
Largest Dist. Of WB South 24 PGS North 24 PGS Kolkata
Smallest Dist. Of WB Kolkata Dakshin Dinajpur Puruliya
 State Re-Organization of India:

 Indian State Reorganization Commission was formed in 1953

 Himachal Pradesh formed in 1954 as an Union Territory and appear as a state in 1970
 State re-organization on the basis of Language has been done on 1956. First Linguistic State
of India is Andhra Pradesh formed in 1st November, 1956
 Kerala formed in 1956
 Delhi formed in 1956 as an Union Territory
 Gujarat and Maharashtra formed in 1960
 Nagaland formed in 1963, Meghalaya formed in 1969, Sikkim formed in 1975
 Goa, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh formed in 1987 (North East Frontier Association was
previous name of ArP)
Chhattisgarh formed in 1st November, 2000 by splitting Madhya Pradesh; Uttarakhand formed
in 9th November, 2000 by splitting Uttar Pradesh; Jharkhand formed in 15 th November, 2000
by splitting Bihar (Chhattisgarh, Uttarakhand and Jharkhand are known as Three Star State)
 On 2nd June, 2014 Telangana formed by splitting Andhra Pradesh and till now it is the
youngest state of India
 Total number of state: 29; Total number of UT: 7
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  Regional Councils of India :

Northern Council States of Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab,
Rajasthan and the Union Territory of Chandigarh
Southern Council States of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana
and the Union Territories Lakshadweep, Puducherry
North Central Council States of Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and
National Capital Territory of Delhi
Eastern Council States of Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, Sikkim, West Bengal and
the Union Territory Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Western Council States of Goa, Gujarat, Maharashtra and the Union Territories
of Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu
North Eastern States of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram,
Council Nagaland, Tripura
 India and Neighbouring Countries:

 Total length of Indian Coast line (including island): 7,516.6 km

 Total length of Indian Coast line (excluding island): 6,100 km
 States sharing coast line: Gujarat (longest among states), Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka,
Kerala, Tamil Nadu (3rd longest among states), Andhra Pradesh (2nd longest among states),
Orissa and West Bengal
 Union Territories sharing coast line: Andaman and Nicobar island (longest in India),
Puducherry, Lakshadweep and Daman and Diu
 Total length of Indian land frontier: 15,200 km
 State sharing land frontier: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir (longest frontier),
Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal (2 nd longest frontier),
Sikkim, Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh (3rd longest frontier), Nagaland, Mizoram,
Manipur and Tripura
 Gujarat and West Bengal having coast line as well as land frontier.
 Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Haryana and Telangana neither share coast line
nor land frontier
 Total number of districts in India: 640 (according 2011 census); but at present 683 districts are
there in India
 State having highest number of district: Uttar Pradesh (75)
 State having lowest number of district: Goa (2)
 State having highest number of state boundary: Uttar Pradesh (with 8 state), Rajasthan (with 7
state), Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra (with 6 state)
 State having highest number of international boundary:
Jammu and Kashmir: 3 (Pak, Afg, Chi); West Bengal: 3 (Nep, Bhu, Ban); Sikkim: 3 (Nep,
Bhu, Chi); Arunachal Pradesh: 3 (Bhu, Chi, Myn)

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  International borders:

Border Length Important Border State Having Border

Bangladesh 4096 km 3 bigha corridor, 52 bigha Mizoram, Tripura, Assam,
Border corridor, Petrapole Meghalaya, West Bengal
China 3917 km Mac-Mohon Line, LOAC (Line of J&K, HP, Uttarakhand,
Border actual Control), Sino Indian Sikkim, ArP
Border
Pakistan 3310 km Radcliff Line, LOC (Line of J&K, Punjab, Rajasthan,
th
Border Control), Wagha, Sircreek, 24 Gujarat
Parallel
Nepal 1752 km Uttarakhand, UP, Bihar, WB,
Border Sikkim
Myanmar 1458 km Patkaibum Range, Naga hill, ArP, Nagaland, Mizoram,
Br. Lushai hill Manipur
Bhutan Br. 587 km Sikkim, WB, Assam, ArP
Afghanistan 80 km Durand Line J&K
 India-Srilanka border lies on Palk Strait, it connected Bay of Bengal and Gulf of Mannar
 Palk strait lies between Dhanuskodi (Ind) and Talaimanar (Sri)
 Distance between Dhanuskodi and Talaimanar is 32 km
 Adams Bridge / Ram Setu lies between India and Srilanka
 Adam's Bridge starts as chain of shoals from the Dhanushkodi tip of India's Pamban
Island and ends at Sri Lanka's Mannar Island.
Bhutan is situated as a buffer state between China and India

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