ENGLISH QUIZ REVIEWER
listening helps us learn, become keener, and become
MOD 1: INFORMATION GATHERING FOR EVERYDAY LIFE better at what we do in life. Consequently, improving
USAGE
INFORMATION GATHERING
-is the act of getting varied kinds of information for a
particular reason or purpose. The type of information
you are trying to obtain, as well as the people or other
resources providing the information will determine
which techniques you should use.
COMMON METHODS IN GATHERING INFORMATION
-listening
-reading
-interviews
-questioning
-questionnaires
-observation
-study of existing reports
-Gathering decision is an aid in decision making,
increasing the knowledge of the information recipient.
Thus, noting details plays crucial part in gathering
truthful information for everyday life usage.
-you can gather information from news reports,
speeches, informative talks, panel discussions and many
other more. You can note details using the Cornell
method wherein as you listen to the informative talks you
divide the paper in two columns.
INFORMATIONAL LISTENING
-Gonzalez (2017) defined informational listening as
listening with the goal of learning, understanding, and
grasping information. It is considered a passive form of
listening because the listener is not judging, criticizing,
or evaluating the message but is simply listening to
understand it.
- By becoming a better listener, you can develop your
efficiency, as well as your ability to influence, convince
and negotiate.
EFFECTIVE INFORMATIONAL LISTENING APPROACHES
(TAY, 2020)
-Info listening. Make sure you receive the same thoughts underlined texts.
which speakers are trying to convey.
-Don't judge or argue prematurely. Try to understand the
speaker's ideas before judging them.
-Look for key ideas. Listen carefully to the speaker to find USES OF TEXTUAL AIDS/GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS
out the main ideas that he or she is trying to convey.
-Paraphrase. Restate in your own words the message of
the speaker. Repeating the speaker’s words as he or she
says them will strengthen his or her message and help
you to stay attentive.
-Gonzalez (2020) also added that informational
skills that develop our informational listening abilities is
advantageous to our lives.
OTHER SKILLS THAT HELP WITH
INFORMATIONAL LISTENING ARE:
-Knowledge of Vocabulary. The more words we
know, the more we can understand.
-Concentration. We must know that to
concentrate, we need to be motivated to focus,
and mentally say no to distractions.
-Memory. With good memory, we can recall
experiences and information from our lives to
help make sense of information in informational
listening.
-Refraining from Judgment. This skill requires an
open mind.
-Organization. This means identifying key
concepts from auditory information and
mentally organizing them into an outline so that
you can better understand and remember
material.
-Asking Questions. Asking mental questions to
further grasp the information as the speakers
are talking can mean that the listener is truly
comprehending the information that is being
said.
-Taking Notes. One valuable tip in taking notes is
to only write down key concepts and terms
instead of trying to write down everything that
is being said.
MOD 2: DETERMINING THE EFFECT OF TEXTUAL AIDS
ON THE UNDERSTANDING OF A TEXT
TEXTUAL AIDS
-refer to non-textual elements that help readers
understand the content of the text.
-also refer to elements that stand-out from the main
text such as titles and subtitles, bold, italicized and
-Non-textual elements include illustrations,
maps, tables, graphs and charts.
-it is to make the information clearer for viewers
TYPES OF TEXTUAL AIDS
-Titles and Subtitles
-Provide initial idea on what the text is all about
-Activate prior knowledge on the topic
-“Represent the key concepts (title) and
supporting ideas (subtitles) in the paper” (Elite
Editing, 2015)
-Layering or positioning of these aids convey the
ideas’ level of importance.
-Illustration
-Visual representation of a subject
-Facilitates better retention of the information
presented
-Tables
-Information (facts and figures) that are organized
and arranged in columns and rows
-Used to show patterns and relationships that still
appeals to the readers’ verbal system, meaning
tables are supposed to be read like a text
(Nussbaumer, 2011)
Column headings - found on top of the
columns; used to identify the contents of
a specific column
Row headings - used to define or identify
the contents of a specific row
-Graphs
-Used “when a simple table cannot adequately
demonstrate important relationships” of and
within data (Mind Tools Content Team, 2020)
4 Types of Graphs:
-Bar Graph - uses either vertical or
horizontal bars to show the data it
represents. SkillsYouNeed.com (2020)
emphasized that these bars do not touch
each other; height of the bar indicates the
value it represents.
-Line graph - used to show how numerical
data have changed over time and it is best
used to show trends
-Pie graphs - show “how a whole is
divided into different parts”
(SkillsYouNeed.com, 2020)
-Pictograph - “similar to bar chart but use
pictures to symbolize a countable unit of
items” (Google Sites, n.d.).
-Maps - Visual representations of selected
characteristics of a place, usually drawn
on a flat surface
A. physical map - includes labels
for features such as mountain ranges and bodies of water
B. political map - usually includes
labels for features such as cities and major towns, units
such as states or provinces, and bodies of water
MOD 3: IDENTIFYING THE WRITER’S PURPOSE
STORYLINE
-made up of different elements that coherently keep
the story together.
Elements of a Storyline:
-Characterization - This is the process by which
a writer reveals the personality of a character.
This is achieved by the writer directly telling the
viewers what a character is like.
-indirect characterization relies on the
reader to discover what the character is
like. It relies on the behavior, speech, and
appearance of the character.
-Setting - can be a combination of a place of
occurrence, the time in which the event takes
place, a historical period, and even the weather
described in the story. Some are specific.
-Plot - is the story sequence where the
characters systematically plays their roles. It is
also where the setting acts a supporting
element in the development of the story. A plot
has a beginning, middle and end.
-Exposition - so that the viewer can
make sense of the action and follow the
story line.
-Conflict - refers to the struggle between
opposing forces in a story.
FILM GENRE
-is the term categorizing a film based on some stylistic
criteria. From there, sub-genres are developed. The
category of a film indirectly assists in shaping the
characters and the story of the movie. The shaping
determines the plot and setting used.
GENRES:
-Comedy - It is generally meant to make people
laugh. Its subgenres include slapstick comedy
and romantic comedy.
-Horror - It aims to evoke viewers’ nightmares,
fears, and terrors of the unknown. Its subgenres
include zombie horror and folk horror.
-Action - This has tremendous impact,
continuous high energy, lots of physical stunts
and activity. Some of its subgenres are war &
military action, spy & espionage action, and
martial arts action.
 -Sci-fi - Uses visionary, fictional science-based
depictions through fanciful imaginative settings.
Some of its subgenres are space travel, time
travel, robot and monster films, and alien
invasion.
-Romance - The plot revolves around the love of
its main characters such as courtship, forbidden
love, or love triangles. Its subgenres include
historical romance, romantic drama, romantic
comedy, and chick flick.
-Thriller - Induces strong feelings of excitement,
tension, suspense and other similar emotions.
Some of its subgenres are conspiracy thriller,
crime thriller, and spy thriller.
-Drama - This is a serious presentation or stories
with settings or real- life situations that portray
realistic characters in conflict with either
themselves, others, or forces of nature. Its
subgenres include political drama, romantic
drama, and melodrama.
-Fantasy - A film genre that most likely overlaps
with sci-fi and other genres, but it bases its
content on some degree of scientific truth,
fairytale experiences and mystical beings.
THE GENERAL PURPOSES OF THE AUTHOR
-Stephen King, a well-known American author, says,
“Description begins in the writer’s imagination, but
should finish in the readers.” King explained that a writer
is responsible in translating what he sees in his mind
into words on pages. If he does this effectively, then the
reader can experience what he (the writer) has penned
in his story.
-a writer might want to evoke a certain emotion from the
viewers
PURPOSE OF A FILM
-Generally, a film has the purposes of to entertain and to
inform. It goes hand in hand with why an audience want
to watch a film – to be entertained and to be informed.
-the author also intends to make the audience ponder on
substantial realizations.
-Setting is important because it serves to anchor the
story plot and characterization of actors.
- Note that the plot, as a series of events that form the
story, is the framework that binds the other story
elements. Through the plot, characterization of the
characters progress with the story setting providing the
needed support to bring out what the writer wants to
convey.
-Characterizations of the characters such as the
emotions they portray and delivery of their dialogues.
SUBTEXT
-is an underlying message, theme, or metaphor being
conveyed through the dialogues, images, background
music, or even the whole film itself. These are not
directly stated but rather realized by the audience as they
appraise the characterizations, the settings, and the story
plot
MOD 4: TEXT VS FILM
TEXT VS FILM
-It makes us understand that stories would give us points
on which of these 2 are effective to make our
comprehension skills be develop. Moreover, its
accessibility to us to hold onto the material.
MOD 5: EVALUATING INFORMATION SOURCES (PRINT
VS WEB)
PRINT SOURCE
-material that has been printed and can be produced in a
hard copy. Examples of print sources are books,
magazines, scholarly journals, and newspapers. These
materials are commonly found in a physical library when
doing academic research.
-Non-fiction print sources can vary widely in the
audience they target or the amount of
information they provide.
-They generally have been through some type of critical
review process that prevents poor material from
reaching the library shelves. In other words, some type of
quality control has typically taken place for publication to
occur.
C.R.A.A.P
-memory device that can help you remember key factors
to consider.
MEANING
-Currency - the timeliness of the information
-When was the information published or posted?
-Has the information been revised or updated?
--Is the information current or out of date for your topic?
-Are the links functional?
-Relevance - importance of the information for
your needs
-Does the information relate to your topic or answer your
question?
-Who is the intended audience?
-Is the information at an appropriate level (i.e. not too
elementary or advanced for your needs)? -Have you
looked at a variety of sources before determining this is
one you will use?
-Would you be comfortable using this source for a
research paper?
-Authority - source of information
-Who is the author/publisher/source/sponsor?
-Are the author's credentials or organizational affiliations
given?
-What are the author's credentials or organizational
affiliations given?
-What are the author's qualifications to write on the
topic?
-Is there contact information, such as a publisher or e-
mail address?
-Does the URL reveal anything about the author or
source?
-Is the site personal, commercial, governmental,
organizational, or educational? (.com, .gov, .org, .edu,
.net)
-Accuracy - reliability, truthfulness, and
correctness of the information
-Where does the information come from?
-Is the information supported by evidence?
-Has the information been reviewed or refereed?
-Can you verify any of the information in another source
or from personal knowledge?
-Does the language or tone seem biased and free of
emotion?
-Are there spelling, grammar, or other typographical
errors?
-Purpose - reason the information exists
-What is the purpose of the information? to inform?
teach? sell? entertain? persuade?
-Do the authors/sponsors make their intentions or
purpose clear?
-Is the information fact? opinion? propaganda?
-Does the point of view appear objective and impartial?
-Are there political, ideological, cultural, religious,
institutional, or personal biases?
WEB SOURCES
-include anything you can find on the Internet, which
contains a wealth of high-quality information if you
know where to look. Some web sources are databases
of scholarly articles that are sometimes called
peer-reviewed articles.
SCHOLARLY ARTICLES/JOURNALS
-specialize in publishing technical and research-oriented
articles and are mostly intended for students and other
scholars. They are often reviewed by peers in the field
to ensure that the article is relevant and accurate.
-Scholarly articles are a full-length document on original
research, and sources of high-valuable information.
They are written by an expert, for other experts, with
new information and research results in some fields
that are written with researchers with advanced
degrees.
WHY IS IT DIFFICULT TO AVOID INACCURACIES
ONLINE?
-there is little quality control over the
information you find, and anyone to the Internet can
publish online.

MOD 6: ANALYTICAL LISTENING IN PROBLEM SOLVING
FOUR TYPES OF LISTENING
-Appreciative listening - when you listen for appreciation
you are listening for enjoyment
-Empathic listening - to show mutual concern. During
this listening process you are focused to the speaker and
you try to show him that you are in his situation.
-Comprehensive listening – listening to understand or
listening to comprehend the message that is being sent,
wherein we do active listening.
-Analytical/critical listening - listening to evaluate the
content of the message. As a critical listener you are
listening to all parts of the message, analyzing it, and
evaluating what you heard.
MOD 7: MAKING JUDGEMENT ABOUT RANGE OF TEXTS
SKILLS TO BE ABLE TO ASSESS AND MAKE JUDGEMENTS
-literary - (fictional pieces such as poems, epic, and short
stories)
-informational - (nonfiction writing such as essays,
newspaper articles, reference books and the like.)
According to Thomson, De Bartoli and Buckley (2013),
Successful reading involves the following:
-retrieving, interpreting, integrating, reflecting, and
evaluating information.
MYTH
-is an ancient story created to explain natural events,
present a lesson on how to live, or serve as warning to
follow the rules of the society.
-Many readers prefer short stories because they can be
read in one sitting; their plots are usually easy to follow;
and the characters are interesting. However, these
criteria are superficial.
-What a critical reader must look for in a short story or
in a myth are the following:
A.Short Story
-Setting - must be powerful that transports the reader
into the tale by appealing to all the senses.
-Characters - including characterization, are well-drawn
and well-developed.
-Plot - should be original and not predictable. It should
be interesting enough for the reader to find himself
drawn to it. Also, the plot is best enhanced by literary
techniques such as suspense, or foreshadowing.
-Conflict - should be interesting that will move the
plot. It should clearly show how the opposing forces
(such as man versus himself, man versus society, etc.)
-Theme - one that provides profound insights about life.
The theme is generally timeless, which means that it
will remain true for different generation of readers
and across different backgrounds.
B. Myth
-Characters are comprised of a hero with special skills,
monsters who play the villain, and gods and goddesses
who may help, reward, or punish the hero. The hero
must be a well-drawn character, showing relatable traits
while displaying great feats.
-Plot and conflict - usually revolve around the hero’s
adventure or quest, and his success or failure will
determine whether he really is a true hero. The plot
may also present a tradition or local belief of the
community where the myth originated.
-Setting - plays a very important role in helping the
readers visualize the hero’s environment especially
during his quest. It should be very vivid for the reader
to picture places such as the Underworld, the forest, or
the abode of the gods.
-Life lesson - Anchored on the general theme that
good deeds are rewarded and evil is punished, the
lessons are usually about moral conduct.
PERSUASIVE ESSAY
-refers to the kind of writing, which presents reasons
and examples to effect thought and/or action. It
requires the clear statement of an opinion and reasons
or specific examples to support said opinion.
STRUCTURE:
-Statement of the thesis, or the theme/topic of an
argument - It usually presents a controversial topic and
the writer’s stand about it. A good thesis should state a
truth (e.g. Divorce is not allowed in the Philippines.) or
advocate a cause of action. Likewise, the thesis should
be something that can be proven.
-Enumeration of a set of reasons supporting the thesis.
This part elaborates on the necessity of the proposal, its
advantages and workability.
-Presentation of evidences that substantiate the
reasons and strengthen the thesis. - Evidences and
arguments must be laid down carefully for a persuasive
effect. They should appeal to reason or logic, to ethics,
and to emotions.
-Conclusion which reinforces the thesis and calls for
action.
TELLS
-an acronym that helps you remember how to evaluate
arguments before you can say that the text is convincing
or not.
COHERENCE VS COHESION
-Cohesion - is the linking of words and sentences by
using correct transitional/cohesive devices, such as
conjunctions (e.g., FANBOYS), and adverbial
conjunctions (e.g., even, although, and instead). By
using proper cohesive devices, coherence is achieved.
-Coherence - is centered on the general sense and
organization/logical sequence of thoughts/ideas in a
text – meaning, whether the text makes sense.
TONE
-attitude of the writer/speaker regarding a subject. In a
speaking situation or engagement, the tone of a
speaker is dependent on the purpose of the talk and
who the audience are.

CORRECTNESS
-focused on grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. It
is important that the speaker follows grammatical rules
accurately, uses relevant and appropriate vocabulary,
and demonstrates clear pronunciation.

Debates, news reports, and interviews are perfect

examples for evaluation in terms of fluency, cohesion,
tone, and correctness.
MOD 8: EVALUATING SPOKEN TEXTS

FLUENCY Credits to yone ;>

-speaking effortlessly, reasonably fast, and without
unnecessary stops or pauses.
-Fluency in speaking starts with fluency in reading.
Reading fluency has three elements, namely; accuracy,
rate, and prosody.
-Accuracy - is pronouncing words correctly that
results to the ability to grasp the meaning of
words in the existing vocabulary of an individual.
-Reading rate – is defined as, “the speed with
which a reader processes an extended text and
grasp the meaning of each sentence without
skipping any words” (Fujita & Yamashita, 2014).
-Prosody - reading with expression.
-Fluency encompasses two concepts:
-Speech rate - measured by words per minute
indicates how fast or how slow a speaker
delivered the text, depends on the context of the
text.
-Speech continuity - goes hand in hand with
coherence.