ROBOTICS PERIODICAL REVIEWER CONVERSION OF UNITS

BASIC ELECTRONICS

METRIC PREFIXES
mnemonic: the great man king hector’s
daughter usually drink cold milk until 9 pm

EXAMPLES

yellow: units that are mostly used

-kilo, hector, deca, deci, centi, milli
highest observable si unit: 10^26
lowest observable si unit: 10^-16

CONVERSION OF EXPONENT TO DECIMAL NOTATION

EXAMPLES

BASIC CIRCUIT PARTS

current
voltage load
source
ELECTRIC QUANTITIES WITH THEIR UNITS & SYMBOLS

-current –electric charges in motion through a

medium, rate of flow of charge
-voltage source – measure of the amount of
work needed to move an electric charge
-load – components where voltage drops in a
circuit
VOLTAGE SOURCE
-the measure of the amount of work needed to move
an electric charge
-also called as potential difference & electromotive
force
-unit in Volts, named after Alessandro Volta
CURRENT
-electric charges in motion through a medium
-rate of flow of charge
-unit in Ampere, named after Andre Marie Ampere
-Resistance – opposition to current (R, Ω)
-Conductance - potential to conduct electricity
(G, S <siemens>)

- W – work, in Joules
- Q – charge, in Coulombs

-example: batteries/cell
Large current: Small current:
CELLS AND BATTERIES Many charges flowing Few charges flowing
-has two types, which are:
a. Primary cells – cannot be recharged DIRECT CURRENT AND ALTERNATING CURRENT
examples: carbon-zinc, zinc-chloride, a. Direct Current
manganese dioxide (alkaline), mercury/silver -it has just one direction
oxide -source maintains the same polarity of
output voltage across its two terminals
-example: Batteries

Carbon-zinc zinc-chloride alkaline mercury

b. Secondary cells – can be recharged because b. Alternating Current

its action is reversible - Periodically reverses and alternates
examples: lead acid, lithium ion, solar polarity
cells Example: Common Residential Power
Source

Lead acid lithium ion solar cells

DIFFERENCES OF AC AND DC (DIAGRAM)

-
LOAD SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
-components where voltage drops in a circuit

PLOTTING THE GRAPH

resistor

OHM’S LAW table graph

-The amount of current I, is directly proportional to
Voltage V, and inversely proportional to resistance R
-Relationship discovered by Georg Simon Ohm
-DERIVATION:
-table – list the voltage, resistance (constant), and
amperes in a table column by column
-graph – x axis ung voltage, y ung current, line ung
resistance (constant)

main formula Which electrical quantity can cause death? Current

-burns tissue, freezes muscles, and fibrillates hearts.

-Voltage (Volts, V) - is the difference in electric

potential between two points.
-Current (Ampere, A) - is the rate at which
charge is flowing.
-Resistance (Ohm, Ω) - is a material's tendency
to resist the flow of charge (current).
ELECTRIC POWER -SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
-rate at which work is done or energy is transformed
into an electrical circuit
-The unit of electric power is the watt (W), named after
James Watt
-DERIVATION:

ALL THE EQUATIONS THAT U NEED TO KNOW

-SAMPLE PROBLEMS:

POWER DISSIPATION IN RESISTANCE

-When current flows in a resistance, heat is produced
because friction between the moving free electrons and
the atoms obstructs the path of electron flow.
-DERIVATION:
When creating electronic circuits on a circuit board, the
wires and components should be permanently placed
so that it won’t easily be moved or disconnected if
something happened to the device it was built into.

“Soldering” is the process used to connect the circuit

permanently on a circuit board.

HOW TO CHECK IF THE CIRCUIT CONNECTIONS ARE

WORKING?
-Use simulation apps/software - There are many
available online simulators that you can use to create a
circuit. It tests, runs, and checks if your circuit will do
what you intend it to do. Mostly they are in schematic
diagram form.
-examples: NI Multisim, CircuitLab
 -The numbers and letters on various columns
and rows help to guide you when building your
circuit.

CONVERTING SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM TO BREADBOARD

-Use a breadboard - A breadboard is a rectangular

plastic board with a bunch of tiny holes in it. These
holes let you easily insert electronic components to
prototype an electronic circuit.
-Prototype – early version of a circuit

SERIES CIRCUIT
-all components are connected end-to-end, forming a
single path for electrons to flow.

IN THIS CIRCUIT,
-I is the same in all components
IT = IR1 = IR2 = IR3
-RT is the sum of all the resistances of the circuit
R2 = R1 + R2 + R3
HISTORY: WHY IS IT CALLED A BREADBOARD? -VT is the sum of voltage drops in the circuit
-Many years ago, when electronics were big and VT = VR1 + VR2 + VR3
bulky, people would grab their mom’s -PT is the sum of the individual power in the circuit
breadboard, a few nails or thumbtacks, and start PT = PR1 + PR2 + PR3
connecting wires onto the board to give
themselves a platform on which to build their
circuits.
-Nowadays, breadboards are easier to use with
variety of sizes to choose from.
INSIDE A BREADBOARD:
-Inside breadboard holes are metal clips that are
connected to each other by rows or columns.
These clips grasp on the components or wires
to secure a particular connection.

MGA FORMULAS NA NEED MO TANDAAN

-SAMPLE PROBLEM: -MGA FORMULAS NA NEED MO TANDAAN

-SAMPLE PROBLEM:

PARALLEL CIRCUIT
-all components are connected across each other,
forming exactly two sets of electrically common points.

IN THIS CIRCUIT,
-I is the sum current of all branches
IT = I1 + I2 + I3 SERIES-PARALLEL CIRCUITS
-RT is solved using Reciprocal Resistance Formula

VT is equal to all branches

VT = V1 = V2 = V3
-PT is the sum of the individual power in the circuit
PT = PR1 + PR2 + PR3
EXAMPLE OF SIMPLIFIYING SERIES-PARALLEL CIRCUIT -

-SAMPLE PROBLEM:

CREDITS KAY YONE ;>

-wahahaha pinaghirapan ko to hatdog