UGC NET JRF 2022

PART – 3

MAHA
PRACTICE
RESEARCH APTITUDE
With Previous Year
Explanation
Questions
PROFESSORS ADDA(YOUR SUCCESS IS OUR MISSION) Online Classes/ Test Series / Pdf Notes (7690022111)
 RESEARCH APTITUDE
Previous Year Questions
Q21. identify the correct sequence of steps in the research process identified
by David Nachmias :
A. Research design
B. Data collection
C. Formulation of hypothesis
D. Data analysis and generalization
E. Problem identification

Choose the correct answer:

1. A, B, C, D, E
2. B, C, D, E, A
3. C, D, E, A, B
4. E, C, A, B, D
Q21. identify the correct sequence of steps in the research process identified
by David Nachmias :
A. Research design
B. Data collection
C. Formulation of hypothesis
D. Data analysis and generalization
E. Problem identification

Choose the correct answer:

1. A, B, C, D, E
2. B, C, D, E, A
3. C, D, E, A, B
4. E, C, A, B, D
Q22. Given below are two statement :
• Statement I : Manipulation and control are two important
possibilities in natural scinece research.
• Statement II : Not many phenomena can be manipulated and
controlled by social scientist.

Choose the correct answer :

1. Both Statement I and Statement II are true.
2. Both Statement I and Statement II are False.
3. Statement I is True but Statement II is False.
4. Statement I is false but statement II is true.
Q22. Given below are two statement :
• Statement I : Manipulation and control are two important
possibilities in natural scinece research.
• Statement II : Not many phenomena can be manipulated and
controlled by social scientist.

Choose the correct answer :

1. Both Statement I and Statement II are true.
2. Both Statement I and Statement II are False.
3. Statement I is True but Statement II is False.
4. Statement I is false but statement II is true.
Q23. Concepts that are not amenable to
operational definition are known as :

1. Theoretical concept
2. Hypothesis concept
3. Conventional concept
4. Inferior concept
Q23. Concepts that are not amenable to
operational definition are known as :

1. Theoretical concept
2. Hypothesis concept
3. Conventional concept
4. Inferior concept
Q24. If the research is to be conducted on very young children or
inarticulate persons, which one of the following methods will be
appropriate in this situation?

1. Case history
2. Experiment
3. Observation
4. Survay
Q24. If the research is to be conducted on very young children or
inarticulate persons, which one of the following methods will be
appropriate in this situation?

1. Case history
2. Experiment
3. Observation
4. Survay
Q25. Which of the following are examples of violation of research ethics?
A. Violating participant confidentiality
B. Making recommendations beyond the scope of data collected
C. Using an inappropriate research design
D. Changing data to meet a desired outcome
E. Using a quantitative method in place of a qualitative method

Choose the correct answer :

1. A, B, D
2. A, B, C, D
3. B, C, D, E
4. B, D, E
Q25. Which of the following are examples of violation of research ethics?
A. Violating participant confidentiality
B. Making recommendations beyond the scope of data collected
C. Using an inappropriate research design
D. Changing data to meet a desired outcome
E. Using a quantitative method in place of a qualitative method

Choose the correct answer :

1. A, B, D
2. A, B, C, D
3. B, C, D, E
4. B, D, E
• Ethics is the set of moral principles that a person is expected to
follow irrespective of time and place.

• Research ethics focuses on the norms and values or code of

conduct that researchers must follow so as to ensure responsible
conduct of research.

• Practises against research ethics or Research Misconduct is

defined as “the fabrication, falsification, plagiarism or deception
in proposing, carrying out or reporting results of research or
deliberate, dangerous or negligent deviations from accepted
practises in carrying out research.”
Fabrication
Fabrication is making up data or results and recording or reporting
them. It is the manipulation of research data with the intention of
giving a false impression..

Falsification
Falsification is manipulating research materials, equipment or
processes, or changing or omitting research data results such that the
research is not accurately represented in the research record. Unlike
fabrication, falsification doesn’t have an element of truth and is
completely deliberate and untruthful manipulation of information
Plagiarism
Plagiarism comprises the misappropriation or use of one’s own or other’s ideas,
intellectual property or work (written or otherwise), without acknowledgement
or permission.

Eg:
Direct Plagiarism occurs when a person copies the text of another person,
without any changes and doesn’t use quotation marks or attribution.

Self-plagiarism: reuse of one’s own work without suitable acknowledgement.

Mosaic Plagiarism: involves copying phrases, passages and ideas from different
sources and putting them together to create new content.

Paraphrasing Plagiarism: It involves the use of someone else’s writing with

some minor changes in the sentences and using it as one’s own.
Q26. Given below are two statement
• Statement I : Sample sizes for qualitative research vary by technique
but are generally small.
• Statement II : Qualitative resarch involves non – probablity
sampling.

Choose the correct answer:

1. Both Statement I and Statement II are true.
2. Both Statement I and Statement II are False.
3. Statement I is True but Statement II is False.
4. Statement I is false but statement II is true.
Q26. Given below are two statement
• Statement I : Sample sizes for qualitative research vary by technique
but are generally small.
• Statement II : Qualitative resarch involves non – probablity
sampling.

Choose the correct answer:

1. Both Statement I and Statement II are true.
2. Both Statement I and Statement II are False.
3. Statement I is True but Statement II is False.
4. Statement I is false but statement II is true.
Q27. During research when we avoid speculative and
metaphysical approaches and instead concentrate on
studying observable facts, it is called:

1. Feminism
2. Ehtnomethodology
3. Constructionism
4. Positivism
Q27. During research when we avoid speculative and
metaphysical approaches and instead concentrate on
studying observable facts, it is called:

1. Feminism
2. Ehtnomethodology
3. Constructionism
4. Positivism
1. Positivist paradigm

• The term positivism was coined by the French philosopher

Auguste Comte in the 19th century and reflected through by
Francis Bacon, John Locke, Isaac Newton.

• In philosophy, positivism mainly adheres to the idea that

‘factual’ knowledge gained through observation is trustworthy.

• Positivism relies upon quantifiable perceptions that prompted

measurable examinations. {Methodology Quantitative/ fixed
objective}
• Here, the role of the researcher is limited to collect data collection
and interpretation in an objective way.

• Positivists usually adopt the deductive approach, the concentration

is on facts.

• The researcher is independent that means maintaining minimal

interaction with participants and research is purely objective & the
world is external.

• There is one reality, knowable within probability. {Ontology Reality

– only one reality}
Postivism
• Quantitative
• Science
• Objective
• Fixed reality
Q28. Positive as an epistemological program is
characteristic of:

1. Legal studies
2. Natural science
3. Performing Art
4. Social science
Q28. Positive as an epistemological program is
characteristic of:

1. Legal studies
2. Natural science
3. Performing Art
4. Social science
Q29.A null hypothesis is

1. When there is no difference b/w variables

2. The same as research hypothesis
3. Subjective in nature
4. When there is difference b/w the variables
Q29.A null hypothesis is

1. When there is no difference b/w variables

2. The same as research hypothesis
3. Subjective in nature
4. When there is difference b/w the variables
Hypothesis
• It is a Tentative statement.
• The validity of hypothesis is unknown.
• The logical retionship between two variables.
Types of Hypothesis
1. Null hypothesis
• A null hypothesis is a type of conjecture in statistics that
proposes that there is no difference between certain
characteristics of a population or data-generating process.
• Hypothesis testing provides a method to reject a null hypothesis
within a certain confidence level.
• the pattern of data observed in the test is due to by chance.
2. Alternative hypothesis
• Alternative hypothesis defines there is a statistically
important relationship between two variables.
• Whereas null hypothesis states there is no statistical
relationship between the two variables.
• The alternative hypothesis is a statement used in statistical
inference experiment. It is contradictory to the null hypothesis
and denoted by Ha or H1.
• In this hypothesis, the difference between two or more
variables is predicted by the researchers, such that the
pattern of data observed in the test is not due to chance.
Difference Between Null and Alternative
Hypothesis:
Null Hypothesis Alternative Hypothesis
• It denotes there is no • It’s a hypothesis that a
relationship between two random cause may
measured phenomena.( No influence the observed
difference) data or sample.(
Difference)
• It is represented by H0 • It is represented by Ha or H1
• Reject • Accept
Q30. Action – research is :

1. An applied research
2. A research carried out to solve immediate
problem
3. A longitudinal research
4. All of the above
Q30. Action – research is :

1. An applied research
2. A research carried out to solve immediate
problem
3. A longitudinal research
4. All of the above
Action research
• Kurt Lewin, then a professor at MIT, first coined
the term "action research" in 1944.
• It is a continuous and cyclic step of actions to be
implemented in the organisation to search for a
solution to the problem. It is problem-centered
and action-oriented.
• Its aim is an immediate application but not any
development of theory.
• Part of Applied research.
PAOR

The Action Research Cycle