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Load Flow Analysis
Load Flow Analysis
1. Given data
Utility
Voltage = 33kV
SC MVA 3-ph = 500MVA
Main Transformer
Feeder Load 1
Nameplate Rating:
Feeder Load 2
Feeder Load 3
2. Modelling of loads
Feeder Load 1
When modelling a motor, the power input must be considered and not the power
output. Power output is basically the data as shown on its nameplate while power input
does require to be calculated when manual calculations is preferred.
We know that:
Therefore:
P in = P out / n
P in = 6.5MW / 0.9470
P in = 6.8638MW
S in = P in / Power factor
S in = 6.8638MW / 0.9326
S in = 7.3599MVA
2 2
Q in= S in - P in
2 2
Q in= (7.3599) - (6.8638)
Q in = 2.6564MVAr
The negative sign convention indicates that the motor absorbs reactive component
from the system.
Feeder Load 2
Same procedures made in feeder load 1 except that feeder load 2 is composed of
several motors that is group together to become a single motor load. Single value of
efficiency and power factor can be used to represent this group of motors.
Therefore:
P in = P out / n
P in = 3MW / 0.98
P in = 3.0612MW
S in = P in / Power factor
S in = 3.0612MW / 0.85
S in = 3.6014MVA
2 2
Q in= S in - P in
2 2
Q in= (3.6014) - (3.0612)
Q in = 1.8971MVAr
The negative sign convention indicates that the motor absorbs reactive component
from the system.
Feeder Load 3
Feeder load 3 is assumed to be a constant impedance load. It means that the power
input increases proportionally to the square of the input voltage i.e., P ∝ V2.
For example:
1MW power when voltage level is 600V. When bus voltage becomes 550V then power
becomes:
So, in this type of load, the power flow is dependent on the bus voltage level at the
point of connection. From our given data for load 3, the power is equal to 7MW,
however, only if the bus voltage is 600V. This might not be the actual power flow for
load 3 as the bus voltage level will surely differ from 600V because of the effect of
feeder load 1 and feeder load 2.
Therefore, it is necessary to determine first the bus voltage level due to the effect of
feeder load 1 and feeder load 2 where the feeder load 3 will be connected so that we
can identify the actual power flow of load 3 to be applied in the model for analysis.
Load flow analysis will utilize the Gauss – Seidel Method, simple yet effective for a
simple power system.
Short circuit power from utility is not significant in this analysis and method of
calculations, however, this will dictate the reference voltage level, and in most cases,
this is equal to 1<0 pu.
Main transformer
Θ = Tan-1 (20)
Θ = 87.1376
Therefore:
Z trans = 0.40<87.1376 pu
Y trans = 1 / Z trans
Y trans = 1 / 0.40<87.1376 pu
Y trans = 2.50<-87.1376 pu
LOAD FLOW ANALYIS WITHOUT LOAD 3
(Refer to observation made in load 3 above) – we will initially determine the bus voltage
level prior the connection of feeder load 3 to determine what will be its actual power
flow.
Summary of Loads
*
I1 = Y11 -Y12 V1
-I2
* -Y21 Y22 V2
Where:
I* = S* / V*
*Conjugate
I2 is being drawn out by the load hence negative sign convention is applied.
Therefore:
*
I1 = 2.50<-87.1376 2.50<92.8624 1<0
-I2
* 2.50<92.8624 2.50<2.50<-87.1376 V2
Iteration no. 1
Iteration no. 2
V2 = 0.9787<-2.2654 pu
Iteration no. 3
V2 = 0.9786<-2.2699 pu
Iteration no. 4
V2 = 0.9786<-2.2700 pu
Iteration no. 5
V2 = 0.9786<-2.2700 pu
V2 = 0.9786<-2.2700 pu
Where:
V base = 600V
Therefore:
Summary of Loads
Load 3:
Therefore:
V2 = 0.9807<-3.8313 pu
Iteration no. 2
V2 = 0.9758<-3.8312 pu
Iteration no. 3
V2 = 0.9757<-3.8509 pu
Iteration no. 4
V2 = 0.9757<-3.8509 pu
V2 = 0.9757<-3.8509 pu
Where:
V base = 600V
Therefore:
Feeder Load 1:
P = 6.8638MW
Q = -2.6564MVAr
Negative (-) sign convention indicates that load 1 absorb reactive component
Feeder Load 2:
P = 3.0612MW
Q = -1.8971MVAr
Negative (-) sign convention indicates that load 2 absorb reactive component
Feeder Load 3:
P = 16.5890MW
Q = -4.5535MVAr
Negative (-) sign convention indicates that reactive component is being absorbed by
the loads connected at 0.6kV bus.
Conjugate is:
I1 = 0.1767<19.1585 pu
Since
S1 = V1 * I1
Therefore:
S1 = (1<0) * (0.1767<19.1585)
S1 = 0.1767<19.1585 pu
S actual = S1 * S base
S actual = (0.1767<19.1585) * 100MVA
S actual = 16.6913+j5.7990MVA
Positive (+) sign convention indicates that reactive component is being supplied by the
source utility.
*****End of report*****
Prepared by:
MJJ Federico
Sr Primary Design Engineer
10 – Aug - 2023