Morphology of Flowering Plants

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 Apical bud

an
->
&

⑭Pamukestreet
Shoot

*Jot
 Root
v
W

Adventitious
Taphoot Fibrous

Avises base
Arises
from Radicle from of Any partof plant
the stem other than Radicle
Gymno, Dicots
Monocots (Wheat, rice, Maize)
Monstera
Eg.
Banyan

tie
tree

) Be Grasses
e
Money Plant (Pothos)
-

Ex: Mustard plant

 Cell
S

differentiate
- special
special
structure

function

Dividing, small
Prominentnucleus
Thin walled
No intercelluleu
↑ Doe
spaces
⑧
⑧
! (RAM)
↳ Protection
Absent in Aquatic Plante
↓ Rootpockets
 Root
Modification of

I
Taproot Adventitions Root

Eod Hage I storage

Radish
(a)
tuberous
m
Root -> Sweet
potato ⑮
(b)Fasciculated Roots

sopanagus
cannot -

Beetroot, turnip 2) Mechanical

Support
Pneumatophores

at
one tarot
ingroot
Monstera
Respiratory roots

Matopic
-
Maize Money Plant (Potlos)
Maizophona (Mangroves -

⑭
Atletic /F
#
 Modifications of Stem

S ↳
Underground
Stem ↓ subacrial
Stem

Denial Stem

sten S
x
 Underground Stem
Modifications
V v W
e

Rhizome corm Tuber Bulb

Vertical rhizome Potato

Onion, Garlic
Grows horizontally Axillary bud -

-
(age)
Y
Eg. Ginger
Eg. Colacasia (Arbi)
ZaminRand
"I. N
⑤
Turmeric ~
⑧

·
Banana

·
Buds

↑↑
Nodes -
IIIIII
-
 Sub-Decial Stem
Modifications
-W W

Offset
W

Runner (Aquatic Runner) Stolon Sucker (underground renna)

Lawn grass Pistia

Mint
Jasmine
-Pineapple
Chrysanthemum
-

Eicchonnia
Strawberry B -
Banana
(Water
Hyacinth)

eE
~Shoot A lateral branch with short internodes

she
and each node bearing a rosette of
leaves and tuft of roots
not

She was running on grass with strawberries Jasmine stole Mint

Slender lateral branch arises from the Lateral branches originate from the basal
base of the main axis and after growing and underground portion of the main stem,
aerially for some time arch downward to grow horizontally beneath the soil and then
touch the ground come out obliquely upward
 Denial Stem Modifications
V

Phylloclade/Cladophyll
W

Stem Tendrils Thonn

->
dified Axillary bud
Baugainvillaea Thick
photosynthetic stem
helps in support, Very sensitive Citrus Stores water

Rose

3
Cucumbel Opuntia, Euphorbia
Cucmbitaceae RCB has thorn in their victory
Pumpkin
Watermelon
↑sam
"E
Grape vine

qe
 Leaf

Petiole
(Mesopodium)
Leaf Laminal Leaf
(Epipodium)
7
blade

E
minin
Retictems's Parallel
(mostly it
monout

Feat Base
-
Exstipulate eaten e

an

CHypopodium)
↳ Swollen leaf base - Pulvinus
(Found in
leguminous Plant)
 Types of leaves

Simple Compound
Eg. Mango, Peeple leaf lamina divides leaflets
into

Types

I Pinnately
Compound
Eg. Neem (Neem
Rose
Water
& Rose
Pina)
Neem aur Rose water pina h
Palmately
Compound
Eg. Silk Colton

(Soft-Silky Palm)

leaflets arranged in leaflets

arise
from
Sam
log 2 10wb
one
point
Simple people: Aam log

elegit
-
Are Avilais
⑤
 Phyllotaxy -Phyllotaxy is the pattern of arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch

Alternate Opposite wholed

·
&

I · Alstonia
China-China Rose
Gne Guava
must
Mustand
Trick-Walle alsi
log
have -

Ca e
Calotropis
Sunflowers Sunflower
 Modifications of Leaves

* W

Storage PhyYode
~

spines leaf Tendrils Injectivolous Plants

Petiole Pea Pitchen Plant

Opuntia Fleshy leaves
of
becomes
flat (Nepenthes)
Onion
Performs photosynthesis Venus
Euphorbia The leaves are small and short lived Fly Trap (Dionaea)
Garlic Australian Acacia
Cacia informis)
an
 solitary
Inflorescence
When a shoot tip transforms into a flower --> SOLITARY

8
-

Cymose
2

Racemose

Determinate /
Indeterminate / In
definite
growth Definite
growth
Acropetal (Young at
apex) -
Basipetal (Young Base)
at

opening of flowers opening of flowers -

Centrifugal
-
Centripetal
Jasmine
Gulmohan, Cassia (Gucal
Rudra plays Good Casio

yous
Centrituy you
centripe
e

n
 .raven on
the

(Pistil/Gynoecium)
 I

Symmetry Calyx
Actinomorphic- Ek mast chili dedo

amomorphice+ Polysepalouse Sepals free Zygomorphic- Jago Mohan Pyaare Bio Class
chal rhi h
Mustand, Datuna,
(Radial symmetry)
chilli
Camosepalouse Sepals fused Asymmetrical/ Irregular- I cannnot

Persistent
Calyx->Solanaceae
Erophic e%
Gulmohan, Pea, Beans, Cassia
(Bilateral symmetry)
Conolla
-trical/Inregular
Canna
A flower maybe:-
Polypetalous - Petals
fused
Trimerous = 3x Petals free
Tetramerous = 4x Gamopetalous ->

Pentamerous = 5x
Perianth

Calyx + Conolla - Tepals

Bracts Liliaceae
(Reduced leaf formed at
the base of pedicles)
Y

Gynoecium is located at the center and other parts of the flower are
located on the rim of the thalamus almost at the same level.

The margin of the thalamus grows upward enclosing the ovary completely
and getting fused with it, the other parts of the flower arise above the ovary.
tulip, Asparagus, Colchicium, Petunia
Vexillary/Papilionaceous (Butterfly like Corolla)

-> Standard/Vexillum (1)

Clayest, outermost;Posterior)

->
Wing/Ala (2, freel

- Keel/Canina (2, fused)

1
(Innermost, smallest, anterion)

(1 2 (z)
+ +
 Staminode - A Stenile Stamen
Androecium Stamen

connectivp]
e Polyandious Stamens
-
free
Buther - Bithecous (2 lobes

sin) )
Tetrasporangiate
filament 12 Each lobe) Adhesion-fusion with other whonly
microsporangia in

Total=>
4 Stamen with Petals Epipetalous
fused
-

G. Solanaceae

98999
Stamen fused Topals
with -

Epitepalous
or

Epiphyllous
E. Liliaceae

Cohesion (fusion of Stamens)

↓
synandrous
Adelphy Syngeny
Anthas+
Filaments
fused, anther
free Anthers
fused, filaments
free filaments
fused
Cuccbita
I
Monoadelphy -Rose
China Eg. Sunflower Eg.

2)

3)
Diadelphy Pea (a+1) I
Polyadelphy
-

- Citrus e
999 p **Variation is lengths of filaments- Salvia and Mustard
 Gynoecium -
Distil

Single unit-

Capel

Monocapellany ->
Single capel (Pea, gram-Fabaceae)
Polycarpellary -
Many carpel
Datuna
Bicapellany -

Tri -tily, (accubita

Penta -
Hibiscus

Syncapous - Campels fused

Hibiscus, Mustand, Tomato, Lily
Spocanpous - Campels free
Rose, dotus Michelia
Placentation

Marginal
Axile

Parietal

Free Central

Basal
 Fruit

True fruit False' Fruit

Encarp Pseudo carp

develop from develop from parts

other than thalamus
ovary oray-like

E. Kango Eg. Apple, Cashew, strawberry

Parthenocapic fruit ->colo fertilization from egg

-> seedless

3 parthenocapy
Gibbenellic acid can induce Banana
->
Eg. Grapes,
Auxin
 Simple fruit

Fleshy Perica thick &

fleshy Dig Pericarp thin &
Dry
Groundnut, Pea
Mango, Coconut, tomato

Dupe Many seedsBeing

sOne seed

Coconut, Mango Watermelon, Tomato, Banana

intenance
Perica Coconut

:Mets the
Mesocape fibrous
Endocalps story
Endospere Edible
 Persistentnucellus
Seed - Seed boat
Perispams
Eg. Best, black
pepper
fertilization
ovule > Seed Embryo
axis
-

Embryonal
cotyledon
-

Endospamous seed Non-Endospamous seed

(Albuminous) (3x-albuminous)

Endosperm present Endosperm absent

MostlyMonocotse Mostly Dicots

Pea, Gram, Beaus, Groundnut

Wheat, maize, barley, Coconut

Orchid (Monocot)
Caston (Dicot)
 Floral Formular Symbols

Calyx -K -
Fusion

Corolla-C 1) Cohesion K(S)

->
eg.

Perianth-P 2) Adhesion -
eg. CA (spipetalous)
Androecium - A
Inner
~
Gynoecium -

G 12 3
+

Actinomorphic -

I bouten

Zygomorphic -
%

Bracteate- Br

Ovary superior -
E

Ovary Inferior -
I
Brassicaceae
(Crucifereae) -> Mustand
Family
Actinomorphic 6 Stamen
4 sepals

↑
2 whorls

↑
in 2 whorl
e
+

Patz Gy A2 4
+
[(z) Only family in which sepals and Androecium are present in two

↓ ↓ ↓
whorls

↳ Petals Superior
Bisexual
(free)
Bicapellany
Syncapous
 Zygomorphic Gamosepalouse s
Diadelphous, 10 Only family which is:
e e ->
- Zygomorphic
Fabaceae - % o k() 4 2
+

(2)
+
A(9) 121
+
-Vexillary aestivation
- androecium is diadelphous
-

- d
Bisexual
↳ Monocapellay Vegetative Characters:-
Vexillary Leaves: Pulvinate. stipulate
- -

Inflorescence: Racemose
S Petals
Sun Le India mein Oil and Pulses Se Triple Sweet Mulaithi banegi

Actinomorphic Epipetalous
->
↑ -
Solanaceae - of ↓
k) Gs) As [(z)
↳ Bicapellany
Gamosepalous
S
Syncapous
Bella Ash's Pet loves Spicy Food
Bractate
↑
Liliaceae eBr 15)Pstl &(3)
d ↓
Actinomorphic
↳ Ticapellany
Epitepalous Syncapous
-> al
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"GARGI"
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