INTRODUCTION TO MEMS EA C415

Dr. N.N. SHARMA

LECTURE 32

Dimensionless Numbers Reynolds No.

LU Re = ; In MEMS Re << 1
All flows are laminar !

Mach No.

U M = ; In MEMS U << C C
flows are in sub-sonic region !

Dimensionless Numbers Knudsen No. Characterizes Slip/No-Slip condition in

flow
Mean free path of molecules kn = gap of the flow channels kn << 0.1 no slip kn ~ > 0.1 slip flow In MEMS gap 1 m, typical - room air free path = 0.1 m kn = 0.1

In effect structure is too small to allow many collisions close to the walls which is the requirement for no-slip condition

Rate of change of momentum

dP d = Udv + U (U n )ds dt dt v s Navier Stokes (Governing equation) d Udv + U (U n)ds = ( P n + )ds + gdv dt v s s v
Net pressure force Body forces

Net shear tangential to surface

Navier Stokes Equation

d ( U ) + ( U ) = P + g + 2U + ( U ) dt 144 2444 43 3 ds
s

U y Uw

(2 ) kn U =

ELECTROKINETIC-DRIVEN FLOW

Electrolytes & Electrokinetic effects:

Near the wall:

e =
2

x Ld

; = z 0
2

Ld (Debye Length ) qe 1 2 = Z i Ci , 0 Ld k BT i
where is electric field, k B is Boltzman constant T is absolute temperature, Ci ,0 is concentration at a reference position where the potential is 0

Ionic Double Layer:

Motion of diffusion layer drags the fluid and results in electro-osmotic flow

Ionic Double Layer:

ELECTROPHORESIS

ELECTROPHORETIC SEPARATION with ELECTRO-OSMOTIC FLOW

Assume +ve diffusion layer Flow is in the direction of applied voltage

Electro-osmosis (sample plug carried down the sep. channel

Different components separated according to ep

DIFFUSION EFFECT:
Infinitesimal slab of sample will spread out in width due to diffusion
LS Length of separation channel U 0 Speed, then transition time is given by t= LS U0 Ls DLs = U0 w Ex LD

Width of sample = Dt Narrowest band possible Wmin . = D

TO HAVE SHARPEST BAND

Short column Large Electric field

Large LD (Low ionic strength) Small sample width (possible by MEMS technology)

PRESSURE EFFECTS IN MICROFLUIDIC SEPARATION CHANNELS In microfluidic separation channels, two different ionic species travels with two different speeds Different velocities results in pressure drop and consequently a Poiseullie like flow and characteristic curved profile So in case of extreme differences (upcoming high throughput Microfluidic devices) the pressure driven flow must also be accommodated in analysis