‫فصل الثان‬

A- The Franks and Muslims met in a great battle at the Horns of Hittin in Galilee on 4th July 1187 the
Crusader army was annihilated almost all of the great crusader lords were either killed or taken prisoner
the king of Jerusalem himself Guy de Lusignan was the chief captive lords included Reynald de Chatillon
the flower of the Crusading spirit was wiped out in a blow. Contrasting sharply with the barbarity of the
Crusaders, Saladin’s treatment of the prisoners was lenient and courteous with most being allowed to
purchase their freedom- with one single important exception Salahdin received the great captive lords and
barons in his tent on the field of Hittin after the battle.

He greeted them graciously with king Guy himself being seated next to Salahdin. Salahdin himself then
handed Guy a goblet of iced rose –water to refresh him after the battle Guy drank gladly from the cup
before handing it on to Reynald de Chatillon the other most important survivor of Hittin. Seeing this
Salahdin quickly said tell the king that he gave that man drink not I, for by the laws of Muslims hospitality
to give a man drink meant that he then enjoyed the protection of his host.

Salahdin then rose and personally chopped off Reynard's head king Guy trembled thinking his own turn
was next, but Salahdin calmly re-assured him that a king does not kill a king, but that he felt Reynard's
arrogance and treachery had gone too far. This battle enabled Salahdin to liberate Jerusalem shortly
afterwards.
Question
1-when and where did the battle happen (occurred- take place)? ‫متى وأين حدثت المعركة‬
- At the Horns of Hittin in Galilee on 4th July 1187
2- What did the writer describe the Crusader army after battle? ‫ماذا وصف الكاتب الجيش الصليبي بعد المعركة‬
-the flower of the Crusading spirit was wiped out in a blow.
3-In which century did the battle of Hittin take place? ‫في أي قرن حدثت معركة حطين‬
-12 century.
4-Write down a sentence which shows that Salahdin was communicated with the captives through
the a translator?‫اكتب الجملة التي تبين أن صلح يتكلم مع السرى بواسطة مترجم‬
- tell the king that he gave that man drink not I.
5-Compare between Crusader’s treatment and Saladin’s treatment. ‫قارن بين معاملة صلح الدين والصليبيين‬
- Saladin’s treatment of the prisoners was lenient and courteous but Crusader’s treatment was barbarity.
6-Why did Salahdin give (hand) Guy iced rose –water, give two reasons? ‫لماذا أعطى صلح الدين غيي ماء‬
- Salahdin handed Guy a goblet of iced rose –water to refresh him and also according the laws of Muslims
hospitality to give a man drink meant that he then enjoyed the protection of his host.
7-Write down the sentence which indicates that Salah Has tolerant (good) behaviour with enemies.
- Saladin’s treatment of the prisoners was lenient and courteous with most being allowed to purchase their freedom
8-what was the importance of the battle after that? ‫ما هي أهية العركة بعد ذلك‬
- This battle enabled Salahdin to liberate Jerusalem shortly afterwards
9- What did Salahdin do after arresting (catching) Ronald, and why? ‫ماذا فعل صلح بعد اعتقال رولند و لماذا‬
-Salahdin chopped of the head of Reynaldo, because Salahdin felt Reynaldo’s arrogance and treachery had
gone too far
10-How could Salahdin calm king Guy after chopping Roland’s head? ‫كيف استطاع صلح تهدئة غيي بعد قطع‬
‫رأس رولند‬
-He re-assured kink Guy that king doesn’t kill king and he felt Reynaldo’s arrogance and treachery had gone too far.
11-What is the law of Muslim hospitality to give a man drink? ‫ماذا يعني إعطاء الرجل الماء في القانون السلمي‬
-A man enjoyed the protection of his host.
12-How was Salahdin lenient and courteous to the captives?‫كيف كان صلح لين ومؤدب مع السرى‬
- Salahdin allowed them to purchase their freedom- with one single.
13-What does the underline word refer to? ‫إلى ماذا يعود الضمير‬
14-Write down the word which means. ‫اكتب الكلمة التي تعني‬
-a large drinking vessel (goblet. - uncivilized behavior (Barbarity)
15-What does the underline of the word mean?
-Lenient: - mercy. -Treachery: - betrayal of trust. -Arrogance:- feeling better than others
-annihilated:- destroy. -liberate :-set free.
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B- The name Philadelphia has an important place in history. It was the ancient name of Jordan’s capital,
Amman. There was another great city called Philadelphia in ancient Egypt. And it was at a third
Philadelphia that one of the important events in modern history occurred. The American War of
independence against the British lasted six years.

During the course of the war, 24 battles were fought between British and American forces and the British
surrendered two enemies. British loses amounted to 25000 men, while American loses were no more than
800. But the main event of the war was not the battles nor the surrenders but a meeting in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, on 4th July 1776 between delegates from the thirteen colonies of America. These delegates
met to endorse a document written by Thomas Jefferson called the Declaration of Independence.

The declaration was adopted unanimously, and the meeting renounced all allegiance to the British
government and declared the thirteen America colonies to be independent under a new name. The name
chosen was the united states of America , then a narrow strip of land facing the Atlantic Ocean with a
population of only two and a half million. It was the greatest defeat ever suffered by British imperial
power, and the birth of a new world power.
Question
1-How many cities that had been given the name of Philadelphia and where? ‫كم عدد المدن التي أخذت اسم‬
‫فيلدلفيا وأين‬
-Three, the ancient name of Jordan’s capital, Amman, in ancient Egypt, and American.
2-How long was the war of independence? And Who was involved in the American war of
independence?‫كم مكثت مدة الحرب ومن الذين شملتهم حرب الستقلل‬
- Six years, and involved in the American war of independence was the American and British
3-How many colonies (states did America consist of at the time of independence) that signed the
document, and where? ‫وأين من وقع على الوثيقة‬
- Thirteen colonies of America, - In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on 4th July 1776
4-what was the main event of the war ( the most important result of the war)? ‫ما هو أهم حدث في الحرب‬
- The Declaration of Independence.
5- who wrote the document , and Why did the delegates meet in Philadelphia? ‫لماذا المبعوثين تقابلوا في‬
‫فلديلفيا‬
- to endorse a document was written by Thomas Jefferson
6-How many battles happened between British forces and American volunteers?‫كم عدد المعارك التي وقعت‬
‫بين القوات البريطانية والمريكية‬
-24 battles.
7-Compare between the loss of British and American forces in 24 battles. ‫قارن بين خسارة القوات البريطانية‬
‫والمريكية‬
- British loses amounted to 25000 men, while American loses were no more than 800.
8-What were the results of Philadelphia meeting?‫ما هي كانت نتيجة اللقاء في فلديلفيا‬
- The declaration was adopted unanimously, and the meeting renounced all allegiance to the British
government
and declared the thirteen America colonies to be independent under a new name. The name chosen was
the united
states of America.
9-What were the results of the deceleration of independence? ‫ما هي نتيجة إعلن الستقلل‬
- It was the greatest defeat ever suffered by British imperial power, and the birth of a new world power.
10-Write down the sentence which shows that the meeting was successful, and Who attended the
meeting?
-The declaration was adopted unanimously and the meeting was attended by delegates from thirteen
colonies of
America.
11- Write down the sentence which indicates the important of declaration of independence for
U.S.A.‫اكتب أهمية إعلن الستقلل لمريكا‬
-It was the greatest defeat ever suffered by British imperial power, and the birth of a new world power.
12-At which ocean is the united states of America occurred (faced)?‫على أي محيط تقع أمريكا‬
-At a narrow strip of land facing the Atlantic Ocean.
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13-Write down the words which indicates the British was powerful (dominated) on the almost
countries
before this battle.
- British imperial power
14-What does the underline word refer to? ‫إلى ماذا يعود الضمير‬
15-Write down the word which means. ‫اكتب الكلمة التي تعني‬
-Paper that gives information (document) -moving away from country (retreat)
- a person who represents a group (Delegate)
16-What do the underlines words mean?
- declaration:-a statement of information - Endorse: - approval to. - Surrender: - Admit
defeat. -Allegiance: - loyalty. -Renounce :- give up.
-Imperial:- ruling

C-It was not an unusual thing for Mr. Lestrade of Scotland Yard to call on us in the evening on his way
home. His visits were welcome to Sherlock Holmes, for they enable him to keep in touch with all that
was going on at the police headquarters. Holmes was always ready to listen with attention to the details
of any case the detective was working on, and was often able to give some helpful advice based on his
own vast knowledge and experience of detective work.

The first case was reported four days ago. There’s an art gallery on the Kennington Road. The assistance
had left the front shop for an instant, when he heard a crash, and hurrying in, found a plaster statue of
Napoleon lying smashed in pieces on the counter. He ran out into the road but couldn’t see anyone. It
seemed like an act of vandalism and the statue wasn’t valuable, so no investigation was carried out.

The second case concerns a Dr Barnicot, a well-known and respected doctor. He is also an enthusiastic
admirer of Napoleon and his house is full of books, pictures and statuses of the French Emperor.
Sometime ago he bought two plaster statues from the art gallery on Kennington road. He put one in his
house which is near the art gallery and one in his clinic at lower Brixton, about two miles away. Last
night, Dr Barnicot was burgled. Nothing had been taken, except the plaster statue of Napoleon, which had
been taken into the garden and smashed into pieces on the ground..
Question
1-Why was the visiting of Mr. Lestrade important to Sherlock Holmes?‫لماذا زيارة ليستارد مهمة‬
-His visits were welcome to Sherlock Holmes, for they enable him to keep in touch with all that was going
on at the
police headquarters
2-The advice (consult) of Sherlock Holmes based on two things, what are they?‫نصائح شارك تعتمد على‬
‫أمرين ما هما‬
- vast knowledge and experience of detective work
3-Why odes Lestrade tell Holmes about the cases?‫لماذا ليستارد يخبر هولمز عن القضايا‬
-because he was often able to give some helpful advice based on his own vast knowledge and experience
of
detective work.
4-Where did Mr. Lestrade work? and what is the career?‫أين يعمل ليستارد وما هي مهنته‬
-In Scotland Yard, detective man.
5-Where did the first case of smashing statue of Napoleon happen (take place ), and when? ‫متى وأين‬
‫حدثت أول قضية‬
- The first case was reported four days ago. There’s an art gallery on the Kennington Road.
6-Why wasn’t investigation carried out in the first case of smashing statue of napoleon?‫لماذا لم يتم‬
‫التحقيق في القضية الولى‬
- It seemed like an act of vandalism and the statue wasn’t valuable, so no investigation was carried out
7-Why did the burglar smashed the statue in the garden not in the house?‫لماذا حطم السارق التمثال في‬
‫الحديقة‬
-In order not to wake up anyone.
8-Write down two characters (qualities) of a Dr Barnicot. ‫اكتب صفتين للدكتور‬
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-Dr Barnicot, a well-known and respected doctor.
9-Write down the sentence that shows a Dr Barnicot is concerning (like) about Napoleon. ‫اكتب الجملة‬
‫التي تبين اهتمام الدكتور بنابليون‬
- He is an enthusiastic admirer of Napoleon and his house is full of books, pictures and statuses of the
French Emperor.
10-Write down the sentence that shows the thief (the burglar) cares about the statues. ‫اكتب الجملة التي‬
‫تبين اهتمام اللص بالتماثيل‬
- Dr Barnicot was burgled. Nothing had been taken, except the plaster statue of Napoleon.
11-What is the nationality (originate-come from) of Napoleon? ‫ما هو جنسية نابليون‬
-French.
14-What does the underline pronoun refer to? ‫إلى ماذا يعود الضمير‬
15-Write down the word which means. ‫اكتب الكلمة التي تعني‬
- who likes something (Admirer)
16-What does underline word mean?
-Smash: break into piece. -Headquarter: the main place of police. -Vandalism: -
damage

D-A traditionally day to get married is Saturday. Often on the evening before, the bride has held a hen
party for her women friends and the groom has held a stage party for his men friends to mark their last
day of being single. On the wedding day itself, the bride is dressed, helped by her mother and the
bridesmaids-it is considered very unlucky for the groom to see the bride in her dress before seeing her in
the church.

The bride is taken to the church and walks up the aisle to be given away to the groom by her father. The
priest marries the couple and they promise in the eyes of God to love and honor each other until they are
parted by death. In British law, the marriage is a civil contract and so after the service the newly-weds are
taken to a room at the back of the church to sign the register.

When the couple come out of the church there are numerous photographs taken usually by a professional
photographer and then the wedding party moves on to the reception where there will be eating, speeches
and dancing, Before leaving for honeymoon, the bride throws her bouquet over her shoulder and the girl
who catches it will be the next one to get married.
Question
1-Who married the couple? ‫من يزوج الزوجين‬
-The priest
2-What did the couple recommend (promise) the priest? ‫ماذا يوصي الزوجين الكاهن‬
- He promises them that the couple in the eyes of God to love and honor each other until they are parted
by death.
3-write down the customs after the service newly-weds.‫اكتب العادات بعد خدمة الزواج الجديد‬
-After the service the newly-weds are taken to a room at the back of the church to sign the register.
4-Why do the couple sign the register?‫لماذا العروسين يوقعا على السجل‬
- In British law, the marriage is a civil contract.
5-What is happened after the couples come out (appear) the church? ‫ماذا يحدث عند ظهور الزوجين خارج‬
‫الكنيسة‬
-There are numerous photographs taken usually by a professional photographer and then the wedding
party moves on to the reception where there will be eating speeches and dancing
6-What is the character of photographer? ‫ما هي خاصية المصور‬
- A professional photographer
7-What is happened in the wedding party moves on to the reception? ‫ماذا يحدث في حفلة الزفاف في الستقبال‬
- Eating, speeches and dancing.
8-What is the belief for throwing bouquet over her shoulder? Why does the bride throw bouquet
over her shoulder?
- The girl who catches it will be the next one to get married.

4
9-What is the difference between a hen party and a stage party? ‫ما هو الفرق بين حفلة الرجال وحفلة النساء‬
-The bride has held a hen party for her women friends and the groom has held a stage party for his men
friends.
10-Write down two sentences showing two things having something to do with luck.
- it is considered very unlucky for the groom to see the bride in her dress before seeing her in the church
-the bride throws her bouquet over her shoulder and the girl who catches it will be the next one to get
married.
11-Why do the couple hold parties? and Who helps the bride on her wedding day?
- to mark their last day of being single, and the bride was helped by her mother and the bridesmaids
12-What does the underline word refer to? ‫إلى ماذا يعود الضمير‬
13-What does underline word mean?
-mark: show an important events - bridesmaids: helper’s friend to bride
-aisle: passenger between any row of seats -Register (record of marriage)
-reception (receives something) -bouquet (a bunch of flowers).

E-In the past, all marriages were arranged by a go-between. Nowadays, the couple will often have met
independently, but it is still customary to gain approval of the families. Traditionally there are six
rituals which have to be observed to ensure a good marriage. Firstly, the bridegroom’s family offers a gift
to the bride’s family. If this is accepted, usually by means of a return gift, then the serious negotiations
can start.

The second ritual is to exchange horoscopes. If the horoscopes are compatible, then they are placed
before the ancestor tablets. This is the third ritual. The fourth ritual is the payment of the bride price. The
bride’s family has to be compensated for the trouble of bringing up the bride, who is now to leave the
family. At this ceremony it is common to have special dragon and phoenix cakes, symbolizing the world
forces of good and evil. Once the price is accepted, the betrothal is sealed.

The date of the wedding is chosen by careful attention to the stars- this is the fifth ritual. The wedding
itself takes place in the home of the bridegroom. The bride enters, usually wearing a red embroidered silk
jacket. The marriage consists of prayers and offerings to the bridegroom’s ancestors. This is the sixth
ritual and now the bride is part of the new family.
Question: -
1-What is the role (purpose) of go-between?‫ما هو وظيفة الواسطة‬
- In the past, all marriages were arranged by a go-between
2-what time (when) does the serious negotiations start between two families?‫مت تبدأ الفاوضات الدية بينهم‬
- If a gift is accepted, usually by means of a return gift.
3-Compare between the marriage in the past and nowadays.‫قارن بي الزواج ف الاضي والاضر‬
- In the past, all marriages were arranged by a go-between. Nowadays, the couple will often have met
independently.
4-Write down the custom of marriage that still in past and nowadays.‫ما هي العادة الت بقية ف الاضي والاضر‬
-It is still customary to gain approval of the families.
5-Mention the fifth ritual.‫اذكر خامس طقس‬
-If the horoscopes are compatible, then they are placed before the ancestor.
6-What do dragon and phoenix cakes symbolize?‫إل ماذا ترمز العنقاء والتني‬
- Symbolizing the world forces of good and evil
7-when the betrothal is considered to be sealed?‫مت تعتب الطبة تامة‬
-The price is accepted, the betrothal is sealed.
8-Why does the bridegroom’s family pay the price of the bride? ‫لاذا يدفع أهل العريس الهر لهل العروس‬
- to be compensated for the trouble of bringing up the bride
9-Wrte down the sentence that shows that the rituals of marriage in Japan are mostly
religious.
-The marriage consists of prayers and offerings to the bridegroom’s ancestors.

5
10-When is the bride considered to be part of her newly family?‫متى تعتبر العروس جزءا من العائلة‬
‫الجديدة‬
-After sixth rituals.
11-How do they choose the wedding day? ‫كيف يتم اختيار يوم الزواج‬
- The date of the wedding is chosen by careful attention to the stars.
12-Where does the wedding take place? ‫أين تعقد حفلة الزفاف‬
- The wedding itself takes place in the home of the bridegroom.
13-What did the bride wear (put on) when entering?‫ماذا تلبس العروس عندما تدخل‬
- The bride enters, usually wearing a red embroidered silk jacket.
14-What does the underline word refer to? ‫إل ماذا يعود الضمي‬
15-What does the underline of the word mean?
-Negotiation: -discussion between people. -Gain approval: -agree
-Go between: -person who takes massage between couple. -Embroidered: -sewn with pattern.
-traditionally: the customs and beliefs gained from past. -Rituals: -things happen on an occasion.
-Horoscopes: -a chart to foretell someone’s future. - Observed: - obey or follow.
-Compatible: -suitable. -Tablets: - a stone with words curved.
-Offering: -something given as a sacrifice.. -Dragon: -imaginary animal that
breathe fire.

F- Building work is under way on information superhighways for the modern age. In past decades to get
an economy moving, the answer was to get traffic moving. But we have entered the “Information age” and
the need is now not to move people and goods but data. The idea of high-speed communication networks
is not new but sending vocal and visual messages down cables was too slow.

The solution was to turn the analogue network into a digital one. Computing technology developed
much faster than governments and telecommunications suppliers thought possible. Now computer experts
are arguing for the construction of wholly new, fiber –optic based, broadband, interactive networks,
connected to essentially all homes and places of work.

This will mean that not only will telephone and television companies be competing in the same areas of
operation, but also there will be fierce competition between companies with different standardizations.
In addition, the message from the politicians is being received loud and clear: the information highway
will be built, paid for and funded by the private sector.
Questions
1-What is the reason (cause) of turning the analogue network into digital one? ‫ما السبب عن التحول عن‬
‫الشبكات القياسية‬
- Vocal and visual messages down cables were too slow but into digital are high-speed.
2-What are the characteristics of the new network? ‫ما هي خصائص الشبكات الديدة‬
- Faster, connected to essentially all homes and places of work and loud and clear.
3-Who will fund the information highway building process? ‫من الذي يول مشروع البناء‬
-private sector
4-What distinguishes the “information Age” from the past?‫باذا تتميز العلومات ف القدم‬
- In past decades to get an economy moving, the answer was to get traffic moving.
5-Computer experts think that there are certain qualities (elements) of the future network. Write
down three
of them.‫ اذكر ثلث منها‬, ‫خباء الكمبيوتر يعتقدوا أن هناك عناصر معينة للشبكة الديدة‬
- Fiber -optic based, broadband, interactive networks
6-What is the advantage of the politician will achieve from building a new communication network?
- Loud and clear
7- ‫ماذا سوف يدث كنتيجة للبناء الديد‬

6
- There will be fierce competition between companies with different standardizations. In addition, the
message
from the politicians is being received loud and clear and connected to essentially all homes and places of
work
8-What did the experts do to make visual and vocal message fast?
-Use fiber –optic based, broadband, interactive networks as good standardizations.
9-How was sending messages speeded up?
-by using digital network.
10-What is the attitude of governments towards the new network?
-The information highway will be built, paid for and funded by the private sector.
11-What does the pronoun refer to?
-One (high-speed communication networks) -this (construction of wholly new)
16-Write down the word which means.
-Glass sends information (fiber –optic). -Provide money for (fund)
-bundle of wires (cables) -a large amount of information.(broadband)
17- what does the word underline means?
-Fierce (strong, intense). -Analogue: -using varying electrical signal. -Essentially
(basically)

G-Jack Draw, who runs a research laboratory believes that the global “information superhighway” will be
the
source of a social as well as a technological revolution. Drew predicts that by the first quarter of the 21st
century,
most home will have terminals that are capable of receiving 500 channels of information. Services and
television as well as being cheap and convenient. The technology will give consumers the power to select
their
entertainment, educational and information sources.

They will no longer be the passive recipients of choices made by profit-motivated individuals in
command of TV stations, cinema corporations and magazines. Drew went on to say that the key benefit
of the interactive 500-channels TV future will be the opportunity to socialize without needing to be in the
same place. From his home in Sydney, Australia, he will be able to use the information highway and
associated technologies to “spend” an evening with his daughter in Rome, Italy.

They could go shopping for a video camera in stores from London to Los Angeles and watch a film
“together” or see if Dad is still better at chess than his daughter . Fred hart is caution about when the
information highway will become an international reality. " people have to understand how experimental
all of this is. People may be shocked when they discover that some of the wonderful things being talked
about don't work.
Question
1-What is the career of Jack Draw? ‫ما هي مهنة جاك‬
-He runs a research laboratory
2-Which will cause the social and technological revolution? ‫من الذي يسبب الثورة التكنولوجية‬
- Information superhighway
3-Which machine that helps consumers to transfer (move) from shop to another without traveling?
- a video camera
4-Write down two advantages, that Jack Drew talked about for using the 500 channels of
information.
-It will give consumers the power to select their entertainment, educational and information sources, cheap
and
convenient
5-What does the Jack Drew predict at the first quarter of the 21st century? ‫ماذا يتنبأ جاك ف الزء الول من‬
‫القرن العشرين‬

7
- Drew predicts that by the first quarter of the 21st century, most home will have terminals that are capable
of
receiving 500 channels of information. Services and television as well as being cheap and convenient.
6-What will be the most important advantage of the future interactive television?
- Cheap and convenient.
7-According to Drew, who are in control of the media at present.
-by profit-motivated individuals
8-Where did the Jack Drew and his daughter live?
- Jack Drew lives in Sydney, Australia, and his daughter lives in Rome, Italy.
9-What can Draw and his daughter play together?
- a chess
10-When may people be shocked?
- People may be shocked when they discover that some of the wonderful things being talked about don't
work.
11-What does the underline word refer to? ‫إل ماذا يعود الضمي‬
- They (people) -this (information highway) - he (Fred Hart) -it (changes)
12-Write down the word, which means. ‫اكتب الكلمة الت تعن‬
-Terminals:- computer that can receive information -global:- whole world.
-Convenient:- suitable. -recipients:-person receives something -corporations:-
company
-key:- important. - socialize:-talk and be friendly.

H-The aim of the survey was to investigate the attitudes of engineering employers to the question of
career breaks for women engineers. In addition, the survey also set out to identify best practice among
employers who had had experience of situation and to identify any particular problems. One point that
appeared in many of the employers’ response to the specific questions on career breaks was the
willingness to carry out more than their statutory obligations.
For example, over 80% of the employers said that they would be prepared to hold a job open for longer
than the statutory maternity period. Almost all of the employers said they would give some sort training
and updating to career break returners. The generally feeling was that employers were keen to retain good
stuff and would take a flexible approach where possible. Some employers could not be a flexible as
others.
For instance 43% from employers could not consider career break as part time work because of the
teamwork nature of engineers’ work and the need to be there at the same time as everyone else in order to
liaise. Only very small minority hostile to the whole idea. In conclusion this generally positive response to
career breaks for women engineers indicates that the introduction of career break schemes may allow
highly skilled women to remain in the work force.
Questions
1-What is the aim (objective, purpose) of the survey?‫ما هو الدف من البحث‬
- The aim of the survey was to investigate the attitudes of engineering employers to the question of career breaks for
women engineers.
2-The survey wants to investigate about two things, what are they? ‫التحقيق يرغب ف بث مشكلتي ما ها‬
-The survey was to investigate the attitudes of engineering employers to the question of career breaks for women
engineers. In addition, the survey also set out to identify best practice among employers who had had experience of
situation and to identify any particular problems.
3-From where was the survey started (set out), and why? ‫من أين انطلق البحث ولاذا‬
-The survey set out to identify best practice among employers who had had experience of situation and to identify
any particular problems.
4-Whose group was the survey concerned (concentrated)? ‫من هم الجموعة الت ركز عليها البحث‬
8
-Engineering employers and women engineers.
5-Write down the sentence that shows the tendency (sympathy feeling\ good response) of employers
to the women engineers. ‫اكتب الملة الت تبي تعاطف أصحاب العمل للنساء الهندسات‬
-The employers’ response to the specific questions on career breaks was the willingness to carry out more than their
statutory obligations.
6-What did the majority (almost) employers say (recommend) about women who take career break?
- Over 80% of the employers said that they would be prepared to hold a job open for longer than the statutory
maternity period. Almost all of the employers said they would give some sort training and updating to career break
returners.
7-Why couldn’t some employers consider career break as part time work?
- Because of the teamwork nature of engineers’ work and the need to be there at the same time as everyone else in
order to liaise.
8-Write down the percentage that couldn’t consider (make) career break as part time work.
-43% from employers could not consider career break as part time
9-What did the almost employers say about career break?
-The employers said that they would be prepared to hold a job open for longer than the statutory maternity period.
10-What is the point that appeared in many the employer’s response about career break?
-The employers’ response to the specific questions on career breaks was the willingness to carry out
more than their statutory obligations.
11-How many employers were hostile (disagree-against) to the career break?
-very small minority.
12-What is the responding that indicates for career break?
- This generally positive response to career breaks for women engineers indicates that the introduction of
career break schemes may allow highly skilled women to remain in the work force.
13-What is the generally (common) feeling from employers about career break?
-The generally feeling was that employers were keen to retain good stuff and would take a flexible
approach where possible.

14-What does the pronoun refer to?

15-Write down the word which means.
-get together and keep informed ( liaise) - easy to adapt (flexible) - laid down in law
(statutory)
16- what does the word underline means?
-Maternity:-The time that women have baby. -Updating: -make a new work method.
-Investigate: - find out. -Set out: -begin. -Hostile: -not happy with

Unit (16)
A-Exam time is approaching. You might be feeling a little anxious or perhaps even a little excited at the
prospect of all the changes to your life. It is important to keep calm and to feel that you are in control.
There is a popular view that exams are designed to trick into showing how little you know. In fact, exams
are meant to give you a chance to show what can you do. The Tawjihi gives the opportunity to show the
adult world what you have learnt during your school career.

To make the best use of this opportunity, it is very important to prepare for the exams properly. In the
time preceding the exams, your teachers will give you revision time both at home and at school, it is vital
that you organize the time well. Your teacher will help you as much as they can. But the real responsibility
for preparing for the exams is yours and yours alone. Your first step should be to decide how to spend your
revision time.

Look back over your past work and find out where your strong points are and where your weak points
are; you will need to spend more revision time on your weak points. Once your have decided what you
need to revise, divided up the available time and draw up your own timetable. When you are ready to start
revising, it might seem an enormous task. Do not sit down and endlessly read through your notes-this is
not an effective learning technique. You must never attempt to memorize something you do not
understand, and you must remember that extra lessons and translating are not short cuts to understanding
and learning technique.
9
Question:
1-What chances (opportunities) does the Tawjihi exam offer you? ‫ما الفرص الت ينحها التوجيهي‬
-The Tawjihi gives the opportunity to show the adult world what you have learnt during your school career
2-What might the students feel when the exam time is approaching? ‫ما هو شعور الطلب عند اقتراب التوجيهي‬
-You might be feeling a little anxious or perhaps even a little excited at the prospect of all the changes to your life
3-What is the most important thing that you should invest well? ‫ما هو أهم شيء يب أن يستغل‬
-Time preceding the exams.
4-What should you do in the time preceding the exam?‫ما ذا تفعل ف الوقت الذي يسبق المتحان‬
-It is very important to prepare for the exams properly and it is important to keep calm and to feel that you are in
control
5-What is common rumor (thing / believe) about the Tawjihi exam? ‫ما هو العتقاد السائد عن التوجيهي‬
-That exam is designed to trick into showing how little you know
6-What did the teacher do before the Tawjihi exam? ‫ماذا يفعل الدرس ف الوقت الذي يسبق المتحان‬
-Teacher will give you revision time both at home and at school and teacher will help you as much as they can.
7-Give the sentence that indicates about responsible of student for this exam.‫أعطي الملة الت تبي مسؤولية الطالب نو‬
‫المتحان‬
-The real responsibility for preparing for the exams is yours and yours alone.
8-What is the purpose of exams? ‫ما هو الدف من المتحان‬
- Exams are meant to give you a chance to show what you can do.
9-Write two advices on how to prepare for the Tawjihi exam? ‫اكتب نصيحتي ف التجهيز للمتحان‬
-You should be to decide how to spend your revision time. Look back over your past work and find out where your
strong points are and where your weak points are.
10-What is disadvantage for just reading from your notes? ‫ما هي السلبية من قراءة من اللحظات‬
- This is not an effective learning technique.
11-What should the first step be done? ‫ما هي أول خطوة يب فعلها‬
-first step should be to decide how to spend your revision time.
12-Why did the writer ask you to look back over your past work? ‫لاذا طلب الكاتب أن ترجع لاضي الدراسة‬
-To find out where your strong points are and where your weak points are; you will need to spend more
revision time on your weak points.
13-What did you do if you have weak points?‫ماذا تفعل إذا لديك نقطة ضعف‬
- You will need to spend more revision time on your weak points.
14-What did you do about available time before exam?‫ماذا تفعل ف الوقت التوفر قبل المتحان‬
-Divide up the available time and draw up your own timetable. When you are ready to start revising
15-What did you feel when you want to revise?‫ماذا تشعر عندما تبدأ براجعة‬
- It might seem an enormous task.
16-What did you do to understand or remember something in your lessons?
- You must never attempt to memorize something you do not understand, and you must remember that
extra lessons
17-Some learning techniques are not effective. Write down the sentence that gives an example of
one of these techniques.
- Do not sit down and endlessly read through your notes-this is not an effective learning technique.
18-What does the pronoun refer to?
-You :- student -this:- Tawjihi exam -it:- revising

PART TWO: VOCABULARY

QA {remarkable, endorse, liaise, marine, on hand}
1-There was nothing--------about the play we saw last night. Nothing out of the ordinary
10
2-----------man still staying in the coast to protect the people from the sea.
3-You need someone to act as a link between the two parties in other word to--------between them.
4-We have more staff------------I’ll call one to help you.
5-Israel and Palestine-----------the documents of paper’s peace.

QB {horizon, concluded, disguise, gain approval, apartheid}

6-The killer was in----------, so the police couldn’t recognize him.
7-Before being married, a couple has to -------of their two families.
8-The---------is the line at which the earth and sky appear to meet.
9-We -------------that one of components was broken.
10- -------------was a policy of segregation and a form of political, economic and social discrimination.

QC {self-image, covet, ritual, identical, crumbling}

11- National sovereignty and independence from foreign rule enhance the -------------of all nation
12-Winning the world cup in a football is an achievement------------by most countries.
13-The 20th century witnessed the---------of the most forms of colonialism.
14-Those two brothers are very much alike, they must be ------------twins.
15-Slaughtering a lamb on Aid Al Adha is a --------- ceremony observed by Muslim societies.

QD {Corporation, screened, temptation, consistently, crack}

16-The new ------ will export food to Gulf.
17- I had much work to do last night. I couldn’t resist the---------- of going to bed.
18-All through the school year, this student has worked ------------- hard.
19-The--------in the wall of building may happen by natural things.
20-The world cup final is--------in countries throughout the world.

QE {unplug, embroidered, caution, undertaken, vocal, maternity}

21-Her nicely --------dress attracted the attention of all the guests.
22-If you telephone keeps ringing all day and you are in no mood to answer it. Just----------it.
23-When handling an electric wire, you have to be extremely------------.
24--Modern airports provided passengers with visual as well as---------instruction.
25-career break for----------are statutory in Jordan.
26-The research was --------- in difficult conditions.

QF {access, hostile, socialize, vocal, graciously, concentrate, interactive}

27-Are you------to the idea of having woman as city mayors?
28-People need to ------- with each other.
29-The only------------to the farmhouse is through that farm.
30-Learning is an----------- process between teachers and students.
31-Some children suffer from-------------problems. They can’t pronounce some sounds.
32- People in Jordan received our national football team and greeted them------------.
33-While reading, you should--------- to understand what you read.

1-remarkable. 2-marine. 3-liaise. 4-on hand. 5-endorse. 6- disguise. 7- gain approval.

8-horizon. 9-concluded. 10-apartheid. 11-self-image. 12-covet. 13- crumbling. 14-ritual.
15-identical. 16-Corporation. 17-temptation. 18- consistently. 19- crack. 20-screened.
21- embroidered. 22-unplug. 23-caution. 24-vocal. 25- maternity. 26-undertaken.
27- hostile. 28- socializes. 29-access. 30- interactive. 31-vocal. 32- graciously.
33-concentrate.

1
B. Choose the correct form of the word from those given in brackets to complete each of the following :-
1-The late king Hussein’s (significance) role in Jordan history can be seen clearly.
2-The pollution is (continue) rising, leading to increased demands on limited water resources.
11
3-they were prepared to consider almost any (arrange) to keep their staff.
4- I should have an (alternate) plan in case I don’t get the necessary grades.
5-The soldiers crossed the damaged bridge (curious).
6-The crown held their (breathe) as the player ran up to take.
7- I couldn’t (resistance) the temptation to put on the mask and flippers for a quick look.
8-1-If you don’t drive (responsible) they will take away your license.
9-Ali hopes that the company will consider his application (favour)
10-Some (tradition) custom may cost much money.
11-She was (apology) about her behavior.
12-My brother is an (enthusiasm) admirer of Um Kalthoum.

C. Choose the suitable answer from those in brackets to complete each of the following items,
1-My friends call me for the conference of pollution last week. (invite, visit, happen, keep)
2- politicians have always talked through the problems of political world (told, demented, draft, discuss)
3- We participated in collecting money to set up the building of cancer medical.(begin, establish, get)
4-Ahmed made of the result of election of Engineering (think about, carried out, get, take)
5- he usually keeps in touch when he goes abroad. (forgets, communicates, progresses, controls).
6-Apartheid closed to all prospects to black South Africans. (finish, get, not allow, keep)
7- Butcher chopped off sheep’s head to sell it for the customer. (give, cut, put, release)
8-In an old story, a frog turned into a prince. (finished, got, allowed, became)
9-The British people were slow to take to the football game.(reject, like, relate, prevent)
10-Which sentence is not reduce relative clause:-
a-I read the letter that Ali wrote b-I found the book which you lost.
c-I read a book which consists of 200 papers
11-Huda was writing a letter to his family when she arranged (watch, to watch, watching, watched) movie.
12-Mary denied (commit, to commit, committing, committed) the installation of the virus into the
company’s computers.
13- Do you remember (learn, to learn, learning, learnt) to walk when you were a child?
14-After (have studied, having study, having studied, had studied) English, he got asleep.
15-80% of employers were willing to keep jobs open for women on maternity leave. This (shown, shows,
showed, is showing) that the majority of employers are interested in career breaks schemes.
16-His ambitions are certainly (different, the same, like, similar) from mine.
17-I go to (a, an, the, x) mosque five times day
18-Boxing is for the type of person (which, who, whose, whom) enjoys fighting.
19-The doctor (suggested, recommended, reassured, explained) me that my body is getting better.
20- I’ve got as (more, much, most, least) money as he.
21-Ali’s grandmother is in (a, an the, x) hospital, so we went to visit her last night.
22-I would be thankful to you if you let me (know, knew, had known, could know) the truth.
23-(The, An, A, X) American university of Beirut was established to issue the education in Middle East.
24-Ali is very cautions; he takes (few, a few, little, a little) risks.
25-The principle thanked the students for (participating, participated, participate, participates) in the
national competition .
26-The commandant (boasted, ordered, stated, suggested) the soldiers to put down their weapons.
27-My friend attempted (pass, to pass, passing, passed) the exam last week, and he did.
28- In spring----------of birds arrive back in Britain after spending the winter in Africa.( herd,
crowd, flock , pack)
29-The secretary deferred (posts, to post, posting, posted)) the application yesterday.
30-My father is careful. He made (few, a few, little, a little) accident.
31-The teacher (who, whom, whose, which) you want to see has left school.
32-The village (who, where, when, which) I was born is in the north of Jordan.
34-I enjoy reading stories at (a, an, the, x) night.
35-You should avoid (drove, driving, to drive) the car at a high speed.
36-The general (recommended, demanded, ordered, asked) that the soldier should be put in prisoner.
37-Ali sent a letter to the author (who, whom, whose, which) books was read by millions of people.
38-Your drawing is (bad, well, worse, the worst) than my drawing.
12
39-Jordinians people enjoy (helps, helping, to help, helps) old people.
40-Unfortunately, (few, a few, little, a little) people were killed in the earthquake.
41-Although the exam was very difficult, (few, a few, little, a little) students were able to succeed.
42-Ali is starting (a, an, the, x) college in July.
43-Amer’s project won the prize for being the (good, better, best, well) of all.
44-There’s (few, a few, little, a little) cake left. Would you like some?
45-The captain (informed, explained, said, talked) the passengers that they would land on time.
46-The study of the mind and the way that people behave, is called{psychology, physics, Physiotherapy,
psychiatry, Physiology}
47-Study of the functions and physical characteristics of living things and their parts, is
called{psychology, physics, Physiotherapy, psychiatry, Physiology}
48-The farmer took his---------of cows to the river to drink {herd, flock, bunch, Suite}
49-The minister occupied a--------of rooms at the hotel. {herd, flock, bunch, Suite}
50-He gave her----------of flowers. {herd, flock, bunch, bundle}
51-Having (be, been, being, were) a generous person, he bought presents for every one.
52-I heard only (few, a few, little, a little) news about my friend in Iraq.
53-the people not the building (who, whom, whose, which) were in the train were friendly.

C. Complete each of the following items so that the new item has a similar meaning to the one before it
".I wish I was a millionaire"-1
He-
------------------------------------------------------------------------regretted
----------------------------------
."Never leave the children alone"-2
-My wife asked me--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3-“why does you not eat anything”
the doctor suggested that------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4-“Do you drive this bus yesterday?”
He wanted to know------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
."I have never seen a ghost"-5
John denied-
----------------------------------------------------------------------------that
-------------------------
."It is good to take milk before going to bed"-6
-The doctor recommended that I----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7- Being so popular that it soon expanded to become international Award program.
Because-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8-“How did they take her to hospital in such a bad weather?”
My friend asked me----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9-Lessons will not help you. You don't pay attention to them
-Formal
-Informal
10-The problem was complex. I was interested in it
The problem in---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11-Ali is 21 old, Ahmed is 21 old.
-Ahmed -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12-First the taxi will come and then we’ll lock up the house.
-As soon as----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13-“brush it off when it get dry”
-He commanded his son-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13
14-There is no one in town as generous as Ali
-Ali is-------------------------------------------------------in town.
15-Since he didn’t study well, he has got bad grade.
-Not-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16-Ali had washed the face before he ate breakfast.
-Having--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17- “Was the first prize won by the best racer in marathon 1999?”
-My friend asked----------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------
18-Working during the summer holiday is more useful than wasting time.
- Wasting time ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19-She finalized the report, then the manager arrived
-Before---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20-“If I were you, I wouldn’t drive without license.
-The police warned me--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21- Having finished exam, he went to a picnic.
-Because-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22-“Don’t eat too much chocolate”.
-The mother advised her son--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
23-Ali was so self-confident. The students chose him as a leader.
-Being----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

14
 P.O Box
Amman Jordan
Date
Dear friend:
Thank you very much for your lovely letter, I am really looking forward to seeing you. I
think that computer is very important in our life now. Most of things need to use it, you can get
information from it easily and it makes easy work, but you must make control about your time and keep
away from dangerous facts, specially for underage. I want to tell you about the importance of sport in our
life like (football, riding horse,…etc) that you can get healthy and fit body, and it protects your body form
many diseases. In the end my very best wishes to all your family.
Yo
ur sincerely

Young \ child \ sport/woman

Each country must realize the importance of the young, If the country needs to become strong and
improve the abilities of economics and sociopolitical field,
By some procedures:-
-It must give the good teaching and studying for them.
-It must care about primary teaching and how to keep the childhood from the bad treatment.
-it must realize the importance of rearing children and keep them from psychical ills.
-it must care about the relationship between the sport and national identity that the young can give our
culture.
-it must increase the conception and awareness of the young by using new technical information
-women as mother , girl and sister can stand and face many problems that can deal with them as wise and
poise.

P.O Box
Amman Jordan
Date
Dear friend:
Thank you very much for your lovely letter, I am really looking forward to seeing you. I want
to tell you about journey with friend’s school, we decided to go to the deserts of Wadi Ram. It is very big
and beautiful. But I asked my teacher how to solve this problem in the rid area, he told me it should plant
a few trees and makes some dams to hold water. Also I want to tell you about the importance of trees in
the world that keep the earth from erosion and it increases the rate of O2. diseases. In the end my very best
wishes to all your family.
Your
sincerely

15
 QUIZ
Q1 Choose the correct form of the word from those given in brackets to complete each of the following :-
1-The late king Hussein’s (significant, significance, signify) role in Jordan history can be seen clearly.
2-The pollution is (continuous, continue, continually) rising, leading to increased demands on limited
water resources.
3-They were prepared to consider almost any (arrange, arrangement, arranged) to keep their staff.
4-Can you show a little more (flex, flexibility, flexible) in your attitude?
5-The soldier lost his rifle and was completely (defense, defensive, defenseless)

Q2. Choose the suitable answer from those in brackets to complete each of the following items,
1-My friend call me for the conference of pollution last week. (invite, visit, happen, keep)
2-Huda was writing a letter to his family when she arranged (watch, to watch, watching, watched) movie.
3- Do you remember (learn, to learn, learning, learnt) to walk when you were a child?
4-After (have studied, having study, having studied, had studied) English, he got asleep.
5-His ambitions are certainly (different, the same, like, similar) from mine.
6-The doctor (suggested, recommended, reassured, explained) me that my body is getting better.
7-Ali’s grandmother is in (a, an the, x) hospital, so we went to visit her last night.
8-I would be thankful to you if you let me (know, knew, had known, could know) the truth.
9-The principle thanked the students for (participating, participated, participate, participates) in the
national competition .
10-The secretary deferred (posts, to post, posting, posted)) the application yesterday.
11-The village (who, where, when, which) I was born is in the north of Jordan.
12-I enjoy reading stories at (a, an, the, x) night.
13-The general (recommended, demanded, ordered, asked) that the soldier should be put in prisoner.
14-Ali sent a letter to the author (who, whom, whose, which) books was read by millions of people.
15-Unfortunately, (few, a few, little, a little) people were killed in the earthquake.
16-The boys was going to school ------------------- it began to rain heavily.
a-when b- while c-but d-in spite of.
.It began to rain, ------------I didn’t have my umbrella -17
a-because. b-so. c- but d- despite
18-We planned ------------- football with my opponent team
a-playing b-play c- plays d-to play
19-I heard only (few, a few, little, a little) news about my friend in Iraq.
20-A horse can’t run so --------- a tiger.
a-quickly b-more quickly as c-quickier d-quickly as

Q3. Complete each of the following items so that the new item has a similar meaning to the one before it
1- Being so popular that it soon expanded to become international Award program.
Because-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2-Lessons will not help you. You don't pay attention to them
-Formal
-Informal
3-Ali is 21 old, Ahmed is 21 old.
-Ahmed -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4-There is no one in town as generous as Ali
-Ali is-------------------------------------------------------in town.
5-Ali had washed the face before he ate breakfast.
-Having--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6-First the taxi will come and then we’ll lock up the house.
-As soon as----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

16
A. Choose the correct form of the word from those given in brackets to complete each of the following :-
1-Some (traditional, tradition, traditionally) custom may cost much money.
2-On joining Al-Sabilah will increase your self - (confidence, confident, confidently)
3- Various societies define (successful, success, succeeding, succeed) in many rather complex ways.
4-My brother is an (enthusiastic, enthusiasm, enthusiastically) admirer of Um Kalthoum.
5-When the information highway will become an (intonation, international, intentioned) reality.
B. Choose the suitable answer from those in brackets to complete each of the following items,
1- politicians have always talked through the problems of political world ------------
a-told. b-demented. c-draft d- discuss
2-She ------------down for a rest after she had finished working..
a-lie b- lay c-had lain d- lying
3-I go to -------------mosque five times day.
a-an b- the c-a d-x
4-We lived in rented accommodation before ------------- this house.
a- bought b- had bought c- buy d- buying.
5-You should avoid ----------- the car at a high speed last week..
a-drove b- driving c- to drive d-driven
6-Ali is very cautions, he takes -----------risks.
a-few b-a few c-little d-a little
7- All Christians went to ----------- church to pray on the Pope.
a-an b- the c-a d-x
8-My friend not the dog -----------eating my meat from the fridge.
a-who’s b- whom c-whose d-which
9- In spring----------of birds arrive back in Britain after spending the winter in Africa----------
a-herd b-crowd c- flock d-pack
10-Although the exam was very difficult, --------------- students were able to succeed.
a-few b-a few c-little d-a little
11-He gave her----------of flowers.
a-herd b-flock c- bunch d-bundle
12-The captain ------------the passengers that they would land on time.
a-informed b- explained c- said d-talked
13-The study of the mind and the way that people behave, is called---------------
a-psychology b-Physiotherapy c-psychiatry d-Physiology
14-Having ------------a generous person, he bought presents for every one.
a-be b-been c- being d- were
1 5-This picture is ------------drawn than that one.
a-well. b-better c- the best d-good
16-80% of employers were willing to keep jobs open for women on maternity leave. This --------- that the
majority of employers are interested in career breaks schemes.
a-shown b-shows c-showed d-is showing.
C. Complete each of the following items so that the new item has a similar meaning to the one before it
".I wish I was a millionaire"-1
He-
------------------------------------------------------------------------regretted
------------------------------
."Never leave the children alone"-2
-My wife asked me-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3-The problem was complex. I was interested in it
The problem in---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4-Ali was so self-confident. The students chose him as a leader.
17
-Because of--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5-“brush it off when it get dry”
-He commanded his son-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6-Working during the summer holiday is more useful than wasting time.
- Wasting time ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7-My house was built in Amman, I left to it
-After----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

18