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Efficacy of Fungicides against Choanephora cucurbitarum Causing Wet Rot of

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Trends in Biosciences 10(20), Print : ISSN 0974-8431, 3975-3977, 2017
Efficacy of Fungicides against Choanephora cucurbitarum Causing Wet Rot of
Cucumber
SANGEETA CHOUDHARY, R. P. GHASOLIA, REKHA KUMAWAT AND MANJU KUMARI
Department of Plant Pathology, SKNCOA Jobner-303329, Jaipur, Rajasthan,
(Shri Karan Narendra Agriculture University)
email: sangeetainratanpura@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a popular and widely
cultivated summer vegetable in India. It is one of the
important vegetable crop which supply edible product and
fibre. Wet rot is an important disease of cucumber caused
by Choanephora cucurbitarum. The effectiveness of five
fungicides was tested against Choanephora cucurbitarum
in vitro and in vivo conditions. In vitro conditions, Antracol
and Companion were found significantly superior in
complete inhibition of mycelial growth of fungus at 700
ppm followed by Moximate. Among three methods of
fungicides application, seed coating cum drenching method
was found effective in reducing disease incidence. Antracol
was found most effective in reducing disease incidence
(75.00%) followed by Moximate (58.35%).
Key words Cucumber, wet rot Choanephora
cucurbitarum, fungicides.
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is known as “Kheera”
in Hindi which belongs to family Cucurbitaceae. It is one
of the important vegetable crop which supply edible product
and fiber. “Kheera” is eaten raw with salt and pepper or as
salad with onion and tomato. Cucumber is rich in vitamin B
and C as well as in minerals such as calcium, phosphorus,
iron and potassium. Cucumber is a warm season crop but it
is also grown in summer and rainy season. It requires 18 °C
minimum temperature for seed germination and 20-30 °C for
growth and development of plant. Rajasthan state provides
the maximum potential for the production of cucumber
because of its agro-climatic conditions that are best suited
for their growth and yield. However, a number of fungal
diseases which have been reported to cause heavy losses
to the crop. Choanephora wet rot of cucumber is a major
disease of cucumber and cause severe losses mainly in
green house and poly house conditions. Crop loss due to
Choanephora cucurbitarum was estimated 7 to 20 per cent
in cowpea in Nigeria (Oladiran, 1980). As per information
received from horticulturists, Department of Horticulture,
SKN COA, Jobner about appearance of a disease in
cucumber in polyhouse, during Zayad, 2014 and polyhouse
was visited. Watery appearance on stem near soil line,
rotting of roots and stems and whitish growth of fungus
on affected part were observed. The objective of the present
study was to evaluate the various fungicides against
Choanephora wet rot disease in vitro and in vivo conditions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In vitro testing of fungicides
To know the effect of fungicide, five commonly
available fungicides viz., Indofil-M-45 (Mancozeb),
Antracol (Propineb), Companion (Carbendazim +
Mancozeb), Steam (Captan + Hexaconazole) and Moximate
(Cymoxanil + Mancozeb) were used under both conditions.
In laboratory condition the required quantities (100, 300,
500 and 700 ppm) of five test fungicides were put in conical
flask containing 100 ml molten PDA medium so as to get
required concentration and poured in Petri plates. A mycelial
disc of 5 mm dia. of the pathogen taken from a 5 day old
culture then placed at the center of the Petri plate. A mycelial
disc of the pathogen on PDA without adding any fungicide
had served as control. Linear mycelial growth was recorded
7 days after incubation at 25 ± 1°C. Per cent mycelial growth
inhibition was calculated as per Vincent’s (1947) formula:
C -T
Per cent mycelial growth inhibition = —————— x 100
C
Where,
C = Diameter of the colony in control (average of both
diagonals)
T = Diameter of the colony in treatment (average of both
diagonals)
In vivo testing of fungicides
The experiments for evaluate efficacy of fungicides
against Choanephora wet rot incidence were carried out in
earthen pots (9×12 inches) in cagehouse.
Seed application
The seeds were treated with all fungicides @ 2 g/kg
seeds. These treated seeds were separately sown in pots.
Soil application
Fungicidal solution was drenched @ 2g/litre per pot.
The pots were covered with polythene bags and kept for
24 hours in cage house. Apparently healthy surface
sterilized seeds were used as check.
Seed-cum-soil application
For this experiment, inoculation and fungicidal
application were as above two methods. Four replications
were maintained for each treatment. The pots were watered
as and when required. Observations were started after 15
days of sowing and continued up to 60 days to note the
wet rot incidence. Per cent wet rot incidence was calculated
by following formula.
No. of rotted plants
% wet rot incidence = ————————————× 100
Total No. of plants
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In vitro efficacy of five fungicides viz., Companion,
3976 Trends in Biosciences 10 (20), 2017

Table 1. Efficacy of fungicides on mycelial growth of Choanephora cucurbitarum at 25 ± 10C (in vitro)
S.No. Fungicides Inhibition of mycelial growth (%)*
100 ppm 300 ppm 500 ppm 700 ppm Mean
1 Antracol (Propineb) 49.86 59.00 72.78 100.00 70.41
(44.92) (50.19) (58.56) (90.00) (57.05)
2 Companion (Carbendazim +
Mancozeb) 23.47 31.52 72.07 100.00 56.77
(28.97) (34.15) (58.11) (90.00) (48.89)
3 Indofil-M-45 (Mancozeb) 21.67 39.72 68.75 77.50 51.91
(27.74) (39.07) (56.02) (61.69) (46.09)
4 Moximate (Cymoxanil +
Mancozeb) 25.13 42.36 71.53 93.88 58.23
(30.08) (40.61) (57.76) (75.88) (49.73)
5 Steam (Captan + Hexaconazole) 20.69 34.72 64.31 75.00 48.68
(27.05) (36.10) (53.32) (60.02) (44.24)
6 Control - - - - -
SEm+ CD (p= 0.05)
Fungicide (F) 0.38 1.07
Concentration (C) 0.31 0.87
FxC 0.77 2.14

* Average of four replications

Figures given in parenthesis are angular transformed values

Table 2. Efficacy of different fungicides against Choanephora wet rot of cucumber (in vivo)

Fungicides Soil application Seed application (Coating) Seed cum soil application
(Drenching) (Coating and drenching)

Dose PDI* % disease Dose PDI* % disease PDI* % disease

(g/l) reduction over (g/kg) reduction over reduction over
control control control
Antracol 2.0 25.00 65.51 2.0 31.25 54.54 18.75 75.00
(Propineb) (29.85) (33.84) (25.65)
Companion 2.0 50.00 31.03 2.0 56.25 18.18 37.50 50.00
(Carbendazim +
Mancozeb) (45.00) (48.61) (37.74)
Indofil-M-45 2.0 56.25 22.41 2.0 62.50 9.09 50.00 44.00
(Mancozeb) (48.62) (52.32) (45.00)
Moximate 2.0 37.50 48.27 2.0 50.00 27.27 31.25 58.35
(Cymoxanil +
Mancozeb) (37.73) (45.00) (33.84)
Steam 2.0 62.50 13.79 2.0 65.75 4.36 56.25 25.00
(Captan + Hexaconazole) (52.33) (54.32) (48.63)
Control - 72.50 - - 68.75 - 75.00
(58.51) (56.11) (60.07)
SEm+ 1.47 1.61 1.01
CD (p = 0.05) 4.52 4.97 3.11

* Average of four replications, PDI = Per cent disease incidence

Figures given in parenthesis are angular transformed values
 CHOUDHARY et al., Efficacy of Fungicides against Choanephora cucurbitarum Causing Wet Rot of Cucumber
Antracol, Indofil-M-45, Moximate and Steam were tested at
100, 300, 500 and 700 ppm against Choanephora
cucurbitarum. The data (Table 1) revealed that all the
fungicides tested, significantly inhibited the mycelial growth
of Choanephora cucurbitarum as compared to check.
Antracol and Companion were found significantly superior
in inhibition of mycelial growth at 700 ppm (100 %) followed
by Moximate (93.88 %). As the concentration of fungicides
increased, the inhibition of mycelial growth was also
increased and maximum inhibition was observed at 700 ppm
concentration. Fungicides and concentration interaction
was also significant. Steam was found least effective in
inhibition of mycelial growth of the fungus.
Three methods of fungicidal application were
screened against Choanephora wet rot of cucumber (Table
2). Results showed that seed-cum-soil application method
of fungicidal application was found most effective over
seed and soil application methods. Seed coated with
Antracol gave maximum disease reduction (54.54 %)
followed by Moximate (27.27 %), Companion (18.18 %) and
Indofil-M-45 (9.09 %). Steam was found least effective (4.36
%).
In seed-cum-soil application methods of fungicides,
Antracol was found most effective (75.00 %) in reducing
disease incidence followed by Moximate (58.35 %),
Companion (50.00 %) and Indofil M-45 (44.00) when used
as seed dresser @ 2 g/kg seed and soil drenching @ 2 g/lit.
Steam in reducing disease incidence was observed at lowest
(25.00 %) limit. Our observations are in conformity to George
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3977
and Girija (2015) as they evaluated of carbendazim and
mancozeb (Companion) against Choanephora
cucurbitarum. Hammouda (1988) reported that mancozeb,
dinocap and thiabendazole were found effective in reducing
infection against Choanephora cucurbitarum in the
Southern region of Oman (Dhofar). Chahal and Grover
(1974) were also reported that zineb, mancozeb, ziram and
thiram were the most effective in controlling Choanephora
cucurbitarum on chilli.
LITERATURE CITED
Chahal, A.S. and Grover, R.K. 1974. Chemical control of soft fruit
rot of chillies caused by Choanephora cucurbitarum. Haryana
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George, M. and Girija, V.K. 2015. Pod rot of cowpea and its
management using fungicides. International J. of Applied And
Pure Science and Ag. 1.
George, M. and Girija, V.K. 2015. Pod rot of cowpea and its
management using fungicides. Internal J. Applied Pure Sci. Ag.
106-111.
Hammouda, A.M. 1988. Fungal diseases of vegetable marrow and
their control in the southern region of Oman (Dhofar).Trop.pest
Management. 34 (2):156-158.
Huan,T.L. and Jamil, M.M. 1975. Seed borne pathogens in okra fruit
rot. MARDI Res. Bulle.3 (2):38-45
Oladiran,A.O. 1980. Choanephora pod rot of cowpea in southern
Nigeria. Trop. Pest Management, 26 (4):396-402.
Vincent, J.M. 1947. The esters of 4-hydroxy benzoic acid and related
compounds, methods for the study of their fungistatic properties.
J. Soc. Chem. Ind. Landan.16:746-755.
Received on 13-05-2017 Accepted on 20-05-2017