VLS - Revision Worksheet on Energetics and Intermolecular Force

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U U U U U E D C C B A A*

Question 1, IAL WCH12, Oct 2023, 10 marks

This question is about sodium hydroxide.

(a) (i) Write an ionic equation for the neutralisation reaction between
aqueous sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid.
State symbols are not required
(1)

(ii) State what is meant by standard enthalpy change of neutralisation, Δneut HΘ

(2)
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(b) A student carried out an investigation to determine the enthalpy change of

neutralisation of aqueous sodium hydroxide by hydrochloric acid.

Method
•separate 25.0 cm3 samples of 0.80 mol dm–3 sodium hydroxide and 0.80 mol dm–3
hydrochloric acid were left to reach room temperature
•after two minutes, the solutions were mixed in a copper calorimeter and the
temperature was noted at 30 s intervals.
(i) Use the graph shown to determine the maximum temperature change, ΔT, in this
experiment. You must show your working on the graph.
(2)

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VLS - Revision Worksheet on Energetics and Intermolecular Force

(ii) Calculate the enthalpy change of neutralisation using your answers to (a) and (b)
(i). Give a sign and units with your answer.
Assume: no energy is used to heat the container.
the specific heat capacity of the solution = 4.2 J °C–1g–1.
the densities of the solutions of NaOH and HCl are 1.0 g cm–3.
(3)

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VLS - Revision Worksheet on Energetics and Intermolecular Force

(iii) Explain how, if at all, the enthalpy change of neutralisation obtained in (b)(ii) would
differ if the heat capacity of the calorimeter was included
in the calculation.
(2)

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Question 2, IAL WCH12, Oct 2023, (6 marks)

*(d) Explain why iodine is more soluble in hexane than in water, by considering the
intermolecular forces in iodine, hexane and water and any intermolecular forces
formed between iodine and the solvents.
Detailed descriptions of how the intermolecular forces form are not required.

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(6)

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VLS - Revision Worksheet on Energetics and Intermolecular Force

Question 3, IAL WCH12, Jan 2024, (8 marks)

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VLS - Revision Worksheet on Energetics and Intermolecular Force

Question 4, GCE 8CH02, Jun 2020, (5 marks)

Decane, C10H22 , is an alkane present in petrol and kerosene.

It has the displayed formula

The enthalpy change of combustion, ΔcHΘ , of decane can be estimated using mean bond
enthalpy values and the equation shown.

C10H22(l) + 15.5O2(g) → 10CO2(g) + 11H2O(l)

(a) (i) Calculate the enthalpy change of combustion of decane, using the
mean bond enthalpy values in the table.
(3)

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VLS - Revision Worksheet on Energetics and Intermolecular Force

(ii) A data book value for the enthalpy change of combustion of decane is −6778 kJmol−1.
Give two reasons for the difference between your answer to (a)(i) and
this value.
(2)

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Question 5, GCE 8CH02, Jun 2020, (7 marks)

This question is about methanol, CH3OH .

(a) Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show the bonding in a molecule of methanol.
Show outer shell electrons only.
(2)

(b) Predict which bond has the shortest bond length in a molecule of methanol.
(1)
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(c) Methanol is soluble in water.

(i) State the strongest type of intermolecular force that occurs between molecules of
methanol and water.
(1)
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(ii) Draw a labelled diagram to show the interaction named in (c)(i) between one
molecule of methanol and one molecule of water.
Include any relevant lone pairs and dipoles in your diagram.
(3)

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