1.

To estimate the concentration of glucose in an unknown solution, equal volumes of a

range of known concentrations of glucose were each mixed with the same excess volume
of Benedict’s solution. After mixing, the solutions were placed in a thermostatically
controlled water-bath at 90 C for three minutes. The unknown solution was then treated
in the same way and the colours of the known and unknown solutions compared. What is
the independent variable in this procedure?
a. concentration of glucose
b. final colour of solutions
c. temperature of water-bath
d. volume of glucose solutions

2. Which statements are correct for amylose and also for amylopectin?

1They are carbohydrate molecules

2They are formed by condensation reactions
3They are linear molecules.
4They contain -1,4 glycosidic bonds.

a. 1, 2 and 3
b. 1, 2 and 4
c. 1, 3 and 4
d. 2, 3 and 4
3. Which statement is a correct comparison between saturated triglyceride molecules and
unsaturated triglyceride molecules of approximately the same molecular masses?
a. Unsaturated triglycerides have more double bonds and fewer hydrogen atoms than
saturated triglycerides.
b. Unsaturated triglycerides have fewer double bonds and fewer hydrogen atoms
than saturated triglycerides.
c. Unsaturated triglycerides have more double bonds and more hydrogen atoms than
saturated triglycerides.
d. Unsaturated triglycerides have fewer double bonds and more hydrogen atoms than
saturated triglycerides.
4. The diagram represents a molecule from a cell surface membrane.

a. fatty acid at the hydrophilic end of the molecule

b. hydrophobic end of the triglyceride molecule
 c. hydrophobic end of the glycerol molecule
d. phosphate group at the hydrophilic end of the molecule

5. Which row correctly shows levels of protein structure that can be held together by each
type of interaction?

6. Which diagram correctly shows hydrogen bonding between two water molecules?

7. Which statement describes an example of an extracellular enzyme?

a. Amylase in saliva is an enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of starch in the
mouth.
b. Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme that helps in the transport of carbon dioxide in
blood.
c. DNA polymerase is an enzyme that helps build DNA molecules from nucleotides.
d. RNA polymerase is an enzyme involved in the process of gene transcription.

8. Which row is correct for enzymes that catalyse reactions using the lock-and-key
hypothesis?
 9. A scientist investigated the rate of breakdown of hydrogen peroxide.

Four experiments were carried out using different mixtures.

  substrate only
  substrate + enzyme
  substrate + enzyme + competitive inhibitor
  substrate + enzyme + non-competitive inhibitor

The results are sketched in the graph.

Which row shows the correct lines for two of the experimental mixtures?
10. DNA polymerase catalyses condensation reactions between molecules during semi-
conservative replication of DNA. What is joined by DNA polymerase?
a. base and base
b. base and nucleotide
c. nucleotide and nucleotide
d. phosphate and ribose

11. Different tissues in a plant were supplied with a radioactively labelled substance to
identify which tissues were actively synthesising mRNA.
Which radioactively labelled substances would be suitable for this experiment?

1 adenine
2 uracil
3 inorganic phosphate 4 ribose

a. 1,2,3 and 4
b. 1,2 and3 only
c. 2 and 4 only
d. 4 only
12. Which row correctly matches the structure and function of phloem sieve tube elements?

13. The diagram shows the results of a number of tests on a solution of biochemicals.
14. Which substances are present in the solution?

a. non-reducing sugar and starch only

b. protein, non-reducing sugar and starch
c. starch and reducing sugar
d. starch only

15. Which diagram shows the ring form of β-glucose?

16. Which row correctly matches the example with the type of molecule?
 17. The enzyme α-amylase hydrolyses amylopectin but it is not able to hydrolyse some of its
glycosidic bonds.

● It only hydrolyses 1,4 glycosidic bonds.

● It is not able to hydrolyse the last bond of a chain.

● It is not able to hydrolyse the bonds in a chain of three units attached by a 1,6
glycosidic bond to another chain.

Which glycosidic bond can be hydrolysed by α-amylase?

18. Molecule X is a lipid.

Which row is correct for molecule X and a triglyceride?

19. Which have properties that are dependent on hydrogen bonds?

1 cellulose
2 a molecule of haemoglobin
3 water
 a. 1, 2 and 3
b. 1 and 2 only
c. 1 and 3 only
d. 2 and 3 only
20. Which statement is correct?
a. Cellulose, glycogen and amylopectin are all polymers.
b. Ribose, amylase and phospholipid are all macromo
c. Starch, glucose and amylose are all monomers.
d. Sucrose, deoxyribose and amylopectin are all polysaccharides.
21. Typical enzymes are large globular proteins with a specific tertiary shape.

1 hydrogen bonding
2 disulfide bridges
3 hydrophobic interactions

a. 1, 2 and 3
b. 1 and 2 only
c. 1 and 3 only
d. 2 and 3 only
22. Which statement about the Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) is correct for an enzyme
with a low affinity for its substrate?
a. It has a high Km and reaches Vmax at a high substrate concentration.
b. It has a high Km and reaches Vmax at a low substrate concentration.
c. It has a low Km and reaches Vmax at a high substrate concentration.
d. It has a low Km and reaches Vmax at a low substrate concentration.
23. Long chain, saturated fatty acids change from solid to liquid at higher temperatures
compared with short chain, unsaturated fatty acids.

Which fatty acids would be more likely to form triglycerides in mammals that live in cold
climates?

a. long chain saturated

b. long chain unsaturated
c. C short chain saturated
d. D short chain unsaturated

24. A student investigated the rate of enzyme activity with increasing substrate concentration.
The experiment was repeated with the addition of a reversible non-competitive enzyme
inhibitor. A graph was plotted to show the results.

Which graph represents the results of the two experiments?

25. Which nitrogenous bases are pyrimidines?
a. adenine and thymine
b. cytosine and guanine
c. thymine and uracil
d. uracil and guanine

26. The electron micrograph shows a cross-section of a leaf vein and some neighbouring
cells.

Which structure contributes to mass flow by the use of proton pumps?

27. The diagrams show some tissue types in plant organs

28. Which description of xylem vessel elements is correct?

a. cells joined to form a tube, pits at intervals, sieve plates between cells, surrounded
by the endodermis in roots
b. contains cells joined end to end, containing cytoplasm, cell walls with lignin,
located to the outside of phloem in vascular bundles
c. contains elongated cells with end walls broken down, located in vascular bundles
in the stem and leaves
d. dead elongated cells, lignified cell walls with pits at intervals, associated with
companion cells in the roots only

29. The table shows the observations recorded from tests for biological molecules on four
samples, A, B, C and D.
Which conclusion is correct?
30. The diagrams show some biological molecules. Which biological molecule forms a
polymer with a structural role in plants?

31. Which molecule is a disaccharide and a reducing sugar?

a. fructose
b. glucose
c. maltose
d. sucrose

32. The molecule shown is a polymer of reducing sugars.

Which procedures could be carried out to show that this molecule is a polymer of reducing
sugars?
1. Add hydrolytic enzyme and then heat with Benedict’s solution.
2. Dissolve in water, neutralise and then heat with Benedict’s solution.
3. Boil with hydrochloric acid, neutralise and then heat with Benedict’s solution.

a. 1, 2 and 3
b. 1 and 2 only
c. 1 and 3 only
d. 2 and 3 only

33. Which statement is correct about biological molecules?

a. Amylopectin, amylose and cellulose are all polymers.
b. Amylose, cellulose and glucose are all macromolecules.
c. Cellulose, glucose and starch are all monomers.
d. Sucrose, starch and amylopectin are all polysaccharides.
34. The flow diagram shows the results of a number of tests on a solution of biochemicals.

Which substances are present in the solution?

a. amylose, amylopectin and lipid

b. glucose, starch and catalase
c. sucrose, amylase and triglyceride
d. sucrose, starch and catalase

35. Maltose and sucrose are disaccharides. Maltose is formed from two molecules of glucose,
whilst sucrose is formed from fructose and glucose. Which row shows the molecular
formulae of the two disaccharides?
36. A short piece of DNA 15 base pairs long was analysed to find the number of nucleotide
bases in each of the polynucleotide strands. Some of the results are shown below.

How many nucleotides containing guanine were present in strand 1?

a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 6
37. What is correct for thymine?

38.