[BACTERIAL STRUCTURE

AND METABOLISM]

María Fernanda Alvarez Uribe 460322105

Monserrat Contreras Carrillo 460249114
Dante Huitron Hernández 850032791
Ilan Hernandez Castro 460320470
Paloma Alejandra Macedo Gonzalez 460321955
Perla Rubí Esmeralda Benites García 460322289
Materia: Procesos Biológicos
Profesor: Pedro Ivan Urciaga Gutierrez
Campus: Zapopan Fecha: 05/03/2024
Abstract:

Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms found virtually everywhere on Earth. They

exhibit diverse shapes, sizes, and metabolic activities, contributing significantly to
ecosystems, including human health, agriculture, and environmental processes. Despite
their microscopic size, bacteria play crucial roles in nutrient cycling, decomposition, and
symbiotic relationships.

Keywords:

Bacteria, drugs, decomposition, microscopic

Introduction:
Bacteria are prokaryotic
microorganisms, that is, unicellular
organisms of a few micrometers in size.
They have a plasma membrane,
composed of lipids and proteins, which
encloses and protects the cell, and a cell
wall, which constitutes the physical and
mechanical barrier that shapes the
bacteria.
Bacteria are prokaryotic microorganisms
of very simple organization. The bacterial
cell consists of:
Cytoplasm. It has a viscous appearance,
and in its central area there is a nucleoid
that contains most of the bacterial DNA,
and in some bacteria, there are circular
fragments of DNA with genetic
information, dispersed by the cytoplasm:
they are plasmids.
The plasma membrane has
invaginations, which are the
mesosomes, where enzymes involved in
the synthesis of ATP are found, and the
photosynthetic pigments in the case of
photosynthetic bacteria.
Inclusions of a different chemical nature
are found in the cytoplasm.
Many bacteria can have generally rigid
flagella, implanted in the membrane
through a basal corpuscle. They can also
have very numerous and short fimbrias
or pili, which can serve as sexual hairs
for the passage of DNA from one cell to
another.
They have characteristic RNA and
ribosomes, for the synthesis of proteins.
Cell wall is rigid and with molecules
unique to bacteria.
In bacterial metabolism, a series of
enzymatic reactions occur that cause the
alteration of a substrate several times
before reaching the final product. For the
proper functioning of bacterial
metabolism, cells need to transfer and
effectively store energy. For this, ATP
(adenosine triphosphate) is a molecule
that acts as the main source of energy
used by cells to perform various
biological activities. ATP is composed of
three groups of phosphate.
Hypothesis:
Method:
Table 1. Bacteria Interactive 3D App
With the help of the application, identify
the shape and composition Bacterial,
make an image capture and report in Problem Statement:
your portfolio of Electronic evidence.
Despite extensive research on bacterial
Table 2. Projection of images structure and metabolism, there remains
a significant gap in our understanding of
Observe projected images of the main how structural variations impact
bacteria metabolic processes and environmental
Pathogens. Report in your electronic adaptation in bacteria.
evidence portfolio.
Justification:
Table 3. Virtual laboratory for the virtual
cultivation of bacteria with the help of this The bacterial have different types of
website, you will be able to determine the structures and it have a lots of variety in
Initial conditions of a sample of bacteria morphologies whereby have different
and the variables that will intervene in the compositions and forms.
process.
Once the bacterial sample concentration Result:
has been selected, the culture medium,
the concentration of nutrients, Coccobacillus:
temperature, Humidity and the optional
variables of specific nutrients, light,
aerobic medium, anaerobic medium; the
laboratory will perform the simulation of
the bacterial culture and indicate if in
those conditions.
There is some growth of a specific type
of bacteria.
Make 3 examples.
Take photographs and report them in
your portfolio of evidence Electronic.

General Aim:

That the student can identify each of the

parts of the bacteria and Its metabolism.

Specific Aim:

• Learn about bacteria.

• Known the structures about
bacteria.

Flowchart for culturing bacteria
1) Material preparation:
1.1) Sterilize:
Inoculating loop
Pipettes
Culture media
Drigalski loop (optional)
1.2) Prepare:
Petri dishes with agar
Test tubes with nutrient broth (optional)
Sterile saline solution (optional)
Sample collection:
2) Swabbing: Rub the swab on the area
of interest.
Puncture: Extract a small amount of
tissue or fluid with a syringe.
Inoculation of the culture medium:
3) Streaking:
Place a drop of the sample on the Petri
dish.
Spread the drop with the inoculating loop
in a zigzag pattern.
4) Stabbing:
Insert the needle of the syringe into the
agar and deposit the sample.
Remove the needle and seal the hole
with agar.
Incubation:
5) Place the Petri dishes or test tubes in
the incubator.
Adjust the temperature and time
according to the bacteria to be cultured.
Observation:
6) Examine the Petri dishes or test tubes
after the incubation period.
7) Observe the presence of bacterial
colonies.
Identification:

8) Perform biochemical or molecular

tests to identify the bacteria.

Flowchart for culturing bacteria
1) Material preparation:
1.1) Sterilize:
Inoculating loop
Pipettes
Culture media
Drigalski loop (optional)
1.2) Prepare:
Petri dishes with agar
Test tubes with nutrient broth (optional)
Sterile saline solution (optional)
Sample collection:
2) Swabbing: Rub the swab on the area
of interest.
Puncture: Extract a small amount of
tissue or fluid with a syringe.
Inoculation of the culture medium:
3) Streaking:
Place a drop of the sample on the Petri
dish.
Spread the drop with the inoculating loop
in a zigzag pattern.
4) Stabbing:
Insert the needle of the syringe into the
agar and deposit the sample.
Remove the needle and seal the hole
with agar.
Incubation:
5) Place the Petri dishes or test tubes in
the incubator.
Adjust the temperature and time
according to the bacteria to be cultured.
Observation:
6) Examine the Petri dishes or test tubes
after the incubation period.
7) Observe the presence of bacterial
colonies.
Identification:
8) Perform biochemical or molecular
tests to identify the bacteria.
Discussion:
In this activity we know the different parts
of the spiralis and coccobacillus, the
other think that we need to know is about
Polly Matzinger.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the study of bacterial
structure and metabolism is essential to
understand the biological diversity,
microbial ecology, and biotechnological
applications of these ubiquitous
organisms in nature. Their metabolic
versatility and ability to adapt make them
subjects of interest both in scientific
research and in practical application in
various fields.
Glossary:
Agar: A jelly-like substance derived from
seaweed that is used to solidify culture
media.
Anaerobic: Refers to bacteria that can
grow in the absence of oxygen.
Autoclave: A device that uses steam
under pressure to sterilize equipment
and materials.
Biochemical test: A test that is used to
identify bacteria by their biochemical
properties.
Colony: A group of bacteria that are
visible to the naked eye and that have
grown from a single cell.
Culture medium: A substance that
provides nutrients for the growth of
bacteria.
Endospore: A dormant structure that
some bacteria form when exposed to
harsh conditions.
Gram stain: A staining technique that is
used to differentiate between Gram-
positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Incubator: A device that is used to
maintain a constant temperature for the
growth of bacteria.
Inoculating loop: A small, wire loop that is
used to transfer bacteria to a culture
medium.
Microbial: Relating to microorganisms,
such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
Microbiology: The study of
microorganisms.
Petri dish: A shallow, circular dish that is
used to grow bacteria.
Pipette: A long, thin tube that is used to
transfer liquids.
Sterile: Free of living microorganisms.
Streaking: A technique that is used to
spread a sample of bacteria over a
culture medium.
Test tube: A narrow, cylindrical tube that
is used to grow bacteria.
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(2009). StudySmarter ES.
https://www.studysmarter.es/resu
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• Agentes biológicos - Bacterias -

Portal INSST - INSST. (2010).
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https://www.insst.es/agentes-
biologicos-
basebio/bacterias#:~:text=Las%2
0bacterias%20son%20microorga
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• Fundación EPM. (2020, July 13).

Cómo hacer un medio de cultivo
para sembrar bacterias [Video].
YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=hAVWmIf8No4

• Fundación EPM. (2020, 13 julio).

Cómo hacer un medio de cultivo
para sembrar bacterias [Vídeo].
YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=hAVWmIf8No4