Macromolecules

monomers

large -
molecules made
up of small
-
molecules

polymers

Polymers are made

by small molecules
frepeat units called

monomers .

Natural Synthetic

Proteins Poly ethene

DNA
Terylene
Starch Nylon
Cellulose Teflon L PTFE )

silk Pvc

Rubber Polystyrene

2 types of Polymerisation :

① Addition

② condensation

Addition Polymerisation - add The monomers to make

large
chain
Polymers
Seen mi alkenes -

&
temp

t.cm#.+-(E-E)-
H
,
H high
es
.

' '
H It h

Ethene Repeat hint

of
(
unsaturated ) Poly ethene . C saturated )

Polymers are
stronger
- saturated

Polythene is used
for Plastic bags , clingfilm , toys ,
buckets .
 µ
'
10009+3 monomer .

c=c
\
I
-

Addition It Gt3
Polymers
:

① Perspex
! transparent
windscreen

$yµ↳-
C-
0009+3
-

He

q'
-
not breakable Cas glass )
-

It
F F
\
I
C = C

/
' '
F F

② PTFE C Teflon / Poeyletrafeuoroetheue )

:*:
hits

⇐
⇒
F F
.

'

③ Polystyrene
'

:S
"a
:p
the
:*::
TIL
'

C -
C containers

It

⑥ Pvc C
Polyvinyl chloride )

÷nE÷
¥1
⇐
H U

It
 condensation Polymerisation

combine to form small molecule

Monomers a
polymer by removal
of
a

H2O Htt
eg
.

2
groups
:
Polyamides
Polyesters

Nylon ( Synthetic Polyamide

) :

°
"
N
Amide linkage
- -
: -
o

It

Monomers : -

dicarboxylic acid
-
diamine

° 0 H It

Nx
- ,

to -
"
o -
I - E -

OH t N -

THE -

' '
H It

H2O Coeenovalot H2O -

condensation )
v

)-n
€1
Repeat unit of
Po
TE
D polyamide
-
- -
-
-

Ny Ny
P
amide peptide
linkage

2 units
repeat
:

⇒-
-
I 8-D E ra

¥t¥¥
is
¥
- - - - -
- - -
 Uses of suture material
Nylon
:

bristle brushes
of
ropes
clothing material

Polyester ( Terylene ) synthetic

O
11

Ester a O
linkages
-
- -

J di acid
monomers
carboxylic
:

did
di alcohol ( .

O
o
"
"
OH D- OH
Ho E- o t to
- -

- c -

H2O Ceremonial -
condensation )

)n-
% D Repeat unit of
o o
Terylene
-
-
- - .

2
repeat units

-
I
of
-
via -
I -
o -
D -
o - -
to -
I -
o -

a-

Uses % -

clothing
-

sleeping boys
-

synthetic fiore .
 Plastics ( Adv & Dis Adv )

adv
cheap
:

mould
readily
a bro

light
tough ,
waterproof
durable C resist
decay
& nesting )

dis not
adv : non
biodegradable L does breakdown readily )
land pouuti on

water pollution
air like Htt Pvc burns 's
pollution L gives off corrosive gases eg
.

Reuse & Plastics

Recycle