25. Even though an mal behav our sts have
----, someone who s successful n
trad t onally avo ded l nk ng human
emot ons, such as gr ef, w th responses by
an mals, ----.
A) gr ef n an mals may take forms that are
d cult for humans to recogn se as
mourn ng
B) observat ons suggest that the ways n
wh ch we mourn m ght be un quely human
C) a grow ng body of ev dence shows that
spec es rang ng from dolph ns to ducks
mourn the pass ng of relat ves
D) research on gr ef n w ld monkeys that l ve
n soc al un ts has been surpr s ngly l m ted
so far
E) we th nk that humans are the only
spec es that gr eves over the loss of loved
ones
26. ----, language, as a compl cated
phenomenon of the human m nd, does not
seem to be restr cted to a s ngle reg on n
the bra n.
A) If neurol ngu sts want to exam ne the
funct on ng of the human bra n n more
deta l
B) Even f certa n tasks are fulf lled through
coord nat on among neurons
C) Although t s local sed ma nly on the left
s de of the bra n
D) As t s a concrete man festat on of the
human m nd
E) When the bra n s overwhelmed w th long
and complex sentences
27.
several f elds s often called a Rena ssance
man or Rena ssance woman.
A) In order to better understand the
masterp eces of the br ll ant Rena ssance
art sts such as M chelangelo and Raphael
B) Wh le the Rena ssance a ected every
area of human act v ty and knowledge, from
art to zoology
C) Because the Rena ssance produced
nd v duals w th a w de range of nterests
who excelled n a number of d erent areas
D) Although most h stor ans shared the v ew
of the per od as a reb rth after the darkness
of the M ddle Ages
E) After sc ence advanced when
Rena ssance human sts d scovered and
spread anc ent works on mathemat cs,
med c ne, and other top cs
28. Peer pressure s what causes people to
do th ngs that are popular n order to f t n
w th others, ----.
A) wh le m ddle school students nfluence
each other to a great extent
B) however, peers are the people who are of
s m lar age, such as classmates
C) n other words, some nd v duals res st
peer pressure and pr or t se the r own
personal v ews
D) so t can be very powerful dr v ng force n
the l ves of adolescents
E) as psycholog sts use pos t ve peer
pressure as a method to change a ch ld’s
behav our
81
29. Accord ng to skeletal therap sts, t s
v tal that women strengthen the r bod es n
the r 40s, ----.

A) so a cons derable number of women do

not know very well how to ma nta n the r
bone health

B) as bone dens ty starts to gradually

decrease, leav ng the bones frag le dur ng
th s per od

C) but hunched shoulders and poor posture

can lead to a range of health ssues n the
old age

D) as long as muscles work opt mally to

support the skeleton and the body s
pos t oned correctly

E) even though bad posture s known to g ve

them an awkward look and m ght lead to
ser ous a lments n t me

30. Fast food has emerged as one of the

b ggest enem es of health, espec ally for
ch ldren, ----.

A) thus ts h gh consumpt on makes sense

when the pr ces are cons dered.

B) prov ded that the most common cause of

obes ty s the w de ava lab l ty of fast food.

C) wh le people are h ghly concerned about

the nutr t onal def c ency of foods l ke
burgers

D) so the fast food ndustry has rece ved a

lot of cr t cal attent on n recent years

E) as many fast food restaurants have

started to prov de health er alternat ves
such as salads

82
1.Intell gence, wh ch has been open to a
range of def n t ons due to ts-abstract
nature and thus has become a controvers al
top c, s usually regarded as a measure of
cogn t ve sk lls and the ab l ty to solve
problems.
A) Çoğunlukla b l şsel becer ler n ve
problem çözme yeteneğ n n b r ölçütü
olarak görülen zekâ, soyut doğasından ötürü
b r d z tanıma açık olduğu ç n tartışmalı b r
konu hal ne gelm şt r.
B) Zekâ, soyut doğası gereğ b r d z tanıma
açık olup tartışmalı b r konu hal ne gelse de
genell kle b l şsel becer ler n ve problem
çözme yeteneğ n n b r ölçütü olarak
görülmekted r.
C) Genell kle b l şsel becer ler n ve problem
çözme yeteneğ n n b r ölçütü olarak görülen
zekânın soyut doğası neden yle b r d z
tanıma açık olması, onu tartışılan b r konu
hal ne get rm şt r.
D) Soyut doğasından ötürü b r d z tanıma
açık olan ve bu yüzden tartışmalı b r konu
hal ne gelen zekâ, genell kle b l şsel
becer ler n ve problem çözme yeteneğ n n
b r ölçütü olarak görülmekted r.
E) Zekâ çoğu zaman b l şsel becer ler n ve
problem çözme yeteneğ n n b r ölçütü
olarak görülmüş, soyut doğası gereğ b r d z
tanıma açık olmuş ve bundan dolayı
tartışmalı b r konu hal ne gelm şt r.
2. World War I was supposed to be the war
to end all wars, but defeated countr es
faced w th harsh peace terms, wh ch led to
the outbreak of World War II.
A) I. Dünya Savaşı’nın tüm savaşlara son
verecek savaş olacağı düşünülüyordu, fakat
yen len ülkeler n ağır barış koşullarıyla karşı
karşıya kalması sonucunda II. Dünya Savaşı
gerçekleşt .
B) Tüm savaşlara son verecek savaş olacağı
zanned len I. Dünya Savaşı’nda yen len
ülkeler ağır barış koşullarıyla karşı karşıya
kaldı ve bu durum II. Dünya Savaşı’nın
ortaya çıkmasına neden oldu.
C) I. Dünya Savaşı’nın tüm savaşları sona
erd recek savaş olacağı zanned l yordu,
ancak yen len ülkeler ağır barış koşullarıyla
karşı karşıya kaldı, k bu da II. Dünya
Savaşı’nın ortaya çıkmasına neden oldu.
D) II. Dünya Savaşı’nın gerçekleşmes ne
neden ol an şey, I. Dünya Savaşı’nın tüm
savaşlara son verecek savaş olacağının
düşünülmes ne rağmen yen len ülkeler n
ağır barış koşullarıyla karşı karşıya
kalmasıydı.
E) I. Dünya Savaşı’nın tüm savaşları sona
erd recek savaş olacağına nanılsa da
yen len ülkeler n ağır barış koşullarıyla karşı
karşıya kalması II. Dünya Savaşı’nın ortaya
çıkmasına neden oldu.
84
3. Today's urban developments, coupled
w th an ncreas ng populat on, threaten
many archaeolog cal s tes n Egypt.
A) Günümüzdek kentsel gel şmeler, nüfus
artışının da etk s yle b rl kte, Mısır’dak
b rçok arkeoloj k alan ç n tehd t
oluşturmaktadır.
B) Mısır’dak b rçok arkeoloj k alan,
günümüzdek kentsel gel şmeler ve
artmakta olan nüfus yüzünden tehd t
altındadır.
C) Günümüzdek kentsel gel şmeler,
artmakta olan nüfusla b rl kte, Mısır’da k
b rçok arkeoloj k alanı tehd t etmekted r.
D) Günümüzdek kentsel gel şmeler, nüfus
artışını beraber nde get rerek Mısır’dak
b rçok arkeoloj k alan ç n tehd t
oluşturmaktadır.
E) Günümüzdek kentsel gel şmeler n
artmakta olan nüfusla desteklenmes ,
Mısır’dak b rçok arkeoloj k alanı tehd t
etmekted r.
4.As a result of dramat cally ncreased
commun cat on between people n recent
years, we l ve n a world that s ncreas ngly
mult l ngual where languages we speak are
no longer conf ned to a spec f c
geograph cal area.
A) İnsanlar arasındak let ş m son yıllarda
öneml ölçüde arttı ve bunun sonucunda
konuştuğumuz d ller n artık bel rl b r coğraf
bölgeyle sınırlandırılmadığı, g derek çok d ll
olan b r dünyada yaşıyoruz.
B) Son yıllarda nsanlar arasındak let ş m n
artması, konuştuğumuz d ller n artık bel rl
b r coğraf bölgeye özgü olmadığı, g derek
çok d ll hâle gelen b r dünyada
yaşamamızın b r sonucudur.
C) Konuştuğumuz d ller n artık bel rl b r
coğraf bölgeyle sınırlandırılmış olmaması
sonucunda g derek çok d ll hâle gelen b r
dünyada yaşadığımız ç n nsanlar
arasındak let ş m son yıllarda öneml
ölçüde arttı.
E) Son yıllarda nsanlar arasında öneml
ölçüde artan let ş m n b r sonucu olarak,
konuştuğumuz d ller n artık bel rl b r coğraf
bölgeyle sınırlandırılmadığı, g derek çok d ll
olan b r dünyada yaşıyoruz.
85
1. Makro fotoğrafçılığın en önemli
tekniklerini keşfetmek için, fotoğrafçılar bir
bahçede ışık ve konumla çalışmalı ve ufak
hareketlerle arka planın nasıl değiştiğini fark
etmelidir.
A) The key techniques of macro photography
include working with light and position in a
garden, through which photographers can
notice how the background changes with
slight moves.
B) Discovering the key techniques of macro
photography requires photographers to
work with light and position in a garden and
to notice how the background changes with
their slight moves.
C) To notice the key techniques of macro
photography, photographers may work with
light and position in a garden and discover
how the background changes in accordance
with slight moves.
D) To discover the key techniques in macro
photography, photographers need to work
with different ranges of light and position in
a garden and notice the changes in the
background caused by slight moves.
E) To discover the key techniques of macro
photography, photographers should work
with light and position in a garden and
notice how the background changes with
slight moves.
2. Hastalığın biyolojik doğası kültürden
kültüre değişmese de hastalıkların nasıl
algılandığının ciddi bir biçimde değişildik
gösterdiğine dair net kanıtlar vardır.
A) The biological nature of disease does not
change from one culture to another, though
we have clear evidence showing that how
diseases are understood is dramatically
different.
B) While the biological nature of disease
differs slightly from one culture to another,
there is dramatic variation in how diseases
are understood, as shown by clear
evidence.
C) Even if there is clear evidence suggesting
that how diseases are understood varies
dramatically from one culture to another,
the biological nature of disease remains
constant.
D) Although the biological nature of disease
does not change from one culture to
another, there is clear evidence that how
diseases are understood varies
dramatically.
E) There is clear evidence suggesting that
the biological nature of disease does not
change, but how diseases are understood
varies to a great extent from one culture to
another.
96
3. Akademik başarısızlığın önlenmesi ciddi
bir konudur çünkü akademik başarısızlığa
uğrayan çocuklar yaşamları boyunca önemli
sosyal ve ekonomik problemler yaşarlar.
A) It is important that academic failure is
prevented since children who fail
academically are likely to suffer from
significant social and economic problems
throughout their lives.
B) Should academic failure not be avoided,
which is a serious subject, children who fail
academically face important social and
economic problems throughout their lives.
C) Prevention of academic failure is a
serious subject because children who fail
academically experience significant social
and economic problems throughout their
lives.
D) As a subject, prevention of academic
failure is serious because children who fail
at school go through significant social and
economic problems throughout their lives.
E) What makes prevention of academic
failure a serious subject is that children who
fail academically have significant social and
economic problems throughout their lives.
4. Kaslarımız, egzersizden sonra stresin
neden olduğu kynurenine adı verilen toksini
etkisiz hâle getiren bir bileşen üretmektedir,
ancak günlük yürüyüş bu bileşenin üretimini
artırmak için yeterli değildir.
A) Following a workout our muscles
neutralise a stress-induced toxin called
kynurenine by producing a compound,
though a dally walk will not be enough to
boost the production of this compound.
B) A compound is produced by our muscles
via workout to neutralise a stress-induced
toxin called kynurenine, but a daily walk is
not enough to boost the production of this
compound.
C) A daily walk is not enough to boost the
production of a compound, produced by our
muscles after a workout, that neutralises a
stress-induced toxin called kynurenine.
D) After a workout, our muscles produce a
compound which neutralises a stress-
induced toxin called kynurenine, but a daily
walk is not enough to boost the production
of this compound.
E) After a workout, our muscles produce a
compound to neutralise a stress-induced
toxin called kynurenine, because walking
daily is not enough to boost the production
of this compound.
97
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 2017-YDS-1 Spring/English

17-21: For these questions, choose the best

word or expression to fill the spaces in the
passage. 19.

A) had better stand

The Atacama Desert in South America is peppered with
odd, cushion-like plants known as the llareta, a spongy B) may have stood
cousin of parsley. Despite the harsh weather conditions
that they have to (17)----, some of these plants are up to
C) can stand
3,000 years old. Though looking like a rock covered by
small green plants without flowers, the plant has a
tightly packed structure of branches, each adorned D) used to stand
(18)---- clusters of tiny leaves. The resulting plant is so
strong that you (19)---- on top of it very comfortably. E) must stand
(20)----, this hardiness comes at a price: the plants are
thought to grow just 1.5 cm a year. According to
Catherine Kleier, a researcher from Regis University,
Colorado, the llareta became very strong (21)---- a
combination of environmental factors (cold at night and
hot in the day) and it is compact to trap heat. The more
compact the plant, the more successfully it protects
itself.
20.

A) For instance B) However C) Therefore

D) Similarly E) Otherwise

17.

A) endure B) influence C) avoid

D) trigger E) improve
21.

A) rather than B) in addition to

C) contrary to D) except for

E) because of
18.

A) on B) at C) with D) for E) over

132
2017-YDS Spring/English

22-26: For these questions, choose the best

word or expression to fill the spaces in the
passage. 24.

A) from B) by C) toward D) on E) into

Both Mars and Venus have been objects of scientific
and popular speculation since at least the beginning
of the 20th century, and since the 1960s spacefaring
nations have been sending robotic probes to explore
these two planets. (22)----, Mars has drawn far more
attention. Since 2002 no fewer than two Mars probes
have been actively gathering data during any given
year. There were actually seven used in 2015 alone.
This is (23)---- because Mars is far more hospitable than
25.
Venus, where surface temperatures can reach 480 °C,
surface pressure is 92 times that of the Earth and the
planet is permanently surrounded by thick clouds of A) may exist
sulfuric acid. We have direct evidence that water once
flowed and pooled (24)---- Mars. So, it can be assumed B) must have existed
that life once existed there and (25)---- at present. Venus
is far more Earth-like than Mars in its size, composition C) could have existed
and surface gravity, but (26)---- its harsh environment, it
could never host life. D) would have existed

E) used to exist

22.

A) Accordingly B) Nevertheless 26.

C) Furthermore D) That is
A) due to B) instead of
E) At first
C) in comparison to D) unlike

E) such as

23.

A) coincidental B) irreversible C) unintentional

D) preventable E) plausible

133
 2017-YDS-2 Fall/English
17-21: For these questions, choose the best
word or expression to fill the spaces in the 19.
passage.
A) to be paid B) having paid

In the 1960s, people had greater employment C) to have paid D) to pay

opportunities and a new buying power. (17)---- this
growing affluence, music and fashion became E) being paid
mass-market industries and were quick to cater to the
demands of the youth market. The growing popularity of
television helped to spread popular culture throughout
the world, (18)---- new trends could develop rapidly.
Programmes such as Top of the Pops in the UK and
The Ed Sullivan Show in the US could lead people
(19)---- considerable attention to pop music. In 1962,
the Beatles emerged from Liverpool's Cavern Club.
Their first album Please Please Me became very
famous (20)---- the globe within a year. They grew
(21)---- popular, sparking such intense devotion in their 20.
fans that it became known as 'Beatlemania'. A) from B) around C) toward

D) into E) about

17.
A) Instead of B) Rather than

C) As a result of D) Contrary to

E) Regardless of 21.
A) slightly B) coincidentally

C) steadily D) equally

E) immensely

18.
A) though B) otherwise C) instead

D) just as E) so

134
2017-YDS Fall/English

22-26: For these questions, choose the best

word or expression to fill the spaces in the 24.
passage.
A) would have complained

Since ancient times, architecture has been considered

B) may complain
the ‘mother’ of the arts. (22)---- music, painting, and
sculpture that exist in a way separate from life,
architecture incorporates life. People and their activities C) should complain
are an (23)---- component of architecture, not merely as
spectators to be entertained but as contributors and
participants. Painters, sculptors, and composers of D) must have complained
music (24)---- about how their viewers or audience never
see or hear their art in quite the same way as it was
conceived, or that is interpreted or displayed in ways E) used to complain
that affect its innate character. However, they have
control (25)---- the essence of their work and that
essence is, in a way, tightly sealed within the object: the
musical score, the covers of a book or the picture frame.
(26)----, even the essence of architecture is realised by
the people whose activities it influences.

25.
22.
A) about B) over C) against
A) As well as B) By means of
D) from E) with
C) As opposed to D) In terms of

E) Because of

23.
A) impoverished
C) unreasonable
26.
A) Otherwise B) Unfortunately
C) For instance D) Therefore
B) immeasurable
E) On the contrary
D) indispensable

E) unintentional

135