CLASSIFICATIONS

AND PHILOSOPHICAL
PERSPECTIVE OF ARTS
C H A P T E R 76
 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
AT THE END OF THE LESSON, THE STUDENTS SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

Apply concepts and theories on beauty and aesthetics in real life

1. scenarios

2. Explain the basic philosophical perspectives of art

ARTIST ALWAYS HAS THE
FREEDOM TO EXPRESS
THEMSELVES THROUGH
COUNTLESS WAYS AND
SEVERAL MEANS. LIKEWISE,
ARTIST CHOOSES SUBJECT FOR
HIS ARTWORKS TO EXPRESS HIS
INTENTION.
 CLASSIFICATIONS
OF ART
THE VARIOUS CLASSIFICATIONS OF ART INCLUDE: FINE
ART, VISUAL ART, PLASTIC ART, PERFORMANCE ART,
APPLIED ART AND DECORATIVE ART. THIS CATEGORY
INCLUDES WORKS OF ART THAT ARE CREATED
PRIMARILY FOR AESTHETIC REASONS.
1.VISUAL ARTS
It deals with any
creation of an artist
that are primarily
visual in nature.
This includes Painting,
Sculpture, Architecture
and Plastic Arts.
 1.1 PAINTING
It is a category in visual and fine arts that
involves the application of paint, pigment,
color, or other medium to a surface (support
base) in order to present a picture of a subject.
Paintings may have support bases such as walls,
paper, canvas, wood, concrete glass, cloth, or
cardboard.
 MONA LISA
BY LEONARDO DA
VINCI
The Mona Lisa was
originally this type of
portrait, but over time its
meaning has shifted and it
has become an icon of the
Renaissance—perhaps the
most recognized painting
in the world.
 THE STARRY NIGHT
BY VINCENT VAN
GOGH
There are various interpretations
of Starry Night and one is that
this canvas depicts hope. It
seems that van Gogh was showing
that even with a dark night such
as this it is still possible to see
light in the windows of the
houses. Furthermore, with shining
stars filling the sky, there is
always light to guide you.
 1.2 SCULPTURE
PAINTING
It is the art of carving, modelling, casting,
assembling, and constructing materials into
figures of forms.
 ANDRES BONIFACIO
MONUMENT
The Andrés Bonifacio
Monument, commonly known
simply as Bonifacio Monument
or Monumento, is a memorial
monument in Caloocan,
Philippines which was designed
by the National Artist Guillermo
Tolentino to commemorate
Philippine revolutionary Andrés
Bonifacio, the founder and
Supremo of the Katipunan.
 1.3 ARCHITECTURE
It is the art of designing and constructing
buildings and other non-building structure for
man’s use.
 THE COLOSSEUM

The Colosseum in Rome is the

largest and most famous
monument in the Roman world.
 1.4 PLASTIC ARTS
These are art forms that involve modeling or
molding such as sculpture and ceramics, or art
involving the representation of solid objects
with three-dimensional effects.
 Examples are architectural
designs and construction of
buildings and other structures:
landscape gardens, furnishing
designs, City Planning, Interior
Design, Industrial Design, etc.
2. PERFORMING
ARTS
Performing arts are
creative arts that are
performed by individuals or
groups in front of a live
audience. Instrumental
music, vocal music, dance,
and theater are included in
the performing arts
industry and they are an
intrinsic part of cultures
around the world.
 2.1 DANCE
It is a type of art that generally involves movement
of the body, usually rhythmic and dependent to
music, performed in many different cultures and
used as a form of expression, social interaction and
exercise or presented in a spiritual or performance
setting. It may also be regarded as a form of non-
verbal communication between humans. This includes
ballroom dance, ballet, modern dance, hip-hop
dance, folk dance and others.
 2.2 MUSIC
The art of combining sounds of varying pitches to
produce a coherent composition that is melodious,
harmonious, intelligible, and expressive of ideas and
emotions. Examples of music are vocal music,
instrumental music, opera, music comedy, musical
play and others.
 2.3 THEATRE
A play or a drama that is being re-created by an
actress or actors to form a dramatic art form.
Ang Huling El Bimbo
Miss Siagon
 2.4 FILM- OR
MOTION PICTURE
It is the art of moving images; a visual medium that
tells stories and exposes reality. Thus, it is the
manipulation of reality through image and sound.
 3. LITERARY
ARTS
A written material such as
poetry, novels, poems,
drama and others. It is
highly expressive in nature
with the choice of words
and emotional images.
 4. DIGITAL
ARTS
It is like graphic arts, it
has two-flat dimensional
surface, such as painting,
drawing, photography and
other products of printing
industry with the aid of
computer and other
electronic devices.
 5. POP ART
This group is characterized
as gay and lively. It
includes film, newspaper,
magazines, radio and
television.
6. GUSTATORY
ART OF THE
CUISINE-
This involves skill in food
preparation or food art.
7. DECORATIVE
ARTS

They are visual objects

produced for aesthetic
function for houses, interior
designs, offices, cars and
other structures.
PHILOSOPHICAL
PERSPECTIVE OF
ARTS
THIS INCLUDES THE IDEAS GIVEN BY DIFFERENT
KNOWN PEOPLE ABOUT ARTS SUCH AS PLATO,
ARISTOTLE, IMMANUEL KANT AND LEO TOLSTOY.
 "ART AS AN
IMITATION"

PLATO
-In Plato’s metaphysics or view of reality, the things in this
world are only copies of the original, the eternal, and the true
entities that can only be found in the World of Forms.
-Plato was convinced that artists merely reinforce the belief in
copies and discourage men to reach for the real entities in the
World of Forms.
-Art is an imitation of imitation. A painting is just an imitation
of nature which is also just an imitation of reality in the World
of Forms.
- For Plato, art is dangerous because it provides a petty
replacement for the real entities than can only be attained
through reason.
 "ART AS A
REPRESENTATION"

ARISTOTLE
-Aristotle, agreed with Plato that art is a form of imitation.
-However, Aristotle considered art as an aid to philosophy in
revealing the truth.
-The kind of imitation that art does is not contrary to the
reaching of fundamental truths in the world
-Unlike Plato who thought that art is an imitation of another
imitation. Aristotle conceived of art as representing possible
versions of reality.
-For, Aristotle, all kinds of art do not aim to represent reality
as it is, it endeavors to provide a version of what might be or
the myriad possibilities of reality.
 "ART AS A
DISINTERESTED
JUDGEMENT"

IMMANUEL
KANT
-Immanuel Kant, in his Critique of Judgement
considered the judgement of beauty, the cornerstone of
art, as something that can be universal despite its
subjectivity.
-Kant recognized that judgement of beauty is subjective.
-However, even subjective judgements are based on
some universal criterion for the said judgement.
 "ART AS A
COMMUNICATION
OF EMOTION"

LEO TOLSTOY
-According to Leo Tolstoy, art plays a huge role in
communication to its audience’s emotions that the artist
previously experienced.
-In the same that language communications information to
other people, art communicates emotion.
-As a purveyor of man’s innermost feelings and thoughts, art
is given a unique opportunity to serve as a mechanism for
social unity.
-Art is central to man’s existence because it makes accessible
feelings and emotions of people from the past and present.
THANK
YOU!