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7
Mathematics
Fourth Quarter–Module 29
Measures of Variability

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 Mathematics – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Fourth Quarter – Module 29: Measures of Variability
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 7
Mathematics
Fourth Quarter–Module
29
Measures of Variability

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 Introductory Message

For the learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics 7 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on
Measures of Variability.

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capableandempoweredtosuccessfullyachievetherelevantcompetenciesandskills at
your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
 What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 Table of Contents

What I Need to Know ---------------------- 1

What I Know ---------------------- 2

Lesson 1 ---------------------- 4

What’s In ---------------------- 4
What’s New ---------------------- 4
What Is It ---------------------- 5
What’s More ---------------------- 6

Lesson 2 ---------------------- 7

What’s New ---------------------- 7

What Is It ---------------------- 7
What’s More ---------------------- 10

Lesson 3 ---------------------- 11

What’s New ---------------------- 11

What Is It ---------------------- 12
What’s More ---------------------- 15

What I Have Learned ---------------------- 16

What I Can Do ---------------------- 16
Assessment ---------------------- 17
Additional Activities ---------------------- 18
Answer Key ---------------------- 19
References ---------------------- 20
 What I Need to Know

This module is designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you on how to calculate the Measures of Variability. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different ways. The language recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can
be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

This module is divided into three lessons, namely:

 Lesson 1 – Range Grouped Data:

 Lesson 2 – Mean Deviation of Grouped Data
 Lesson 3 – Standard Deviation and Variance of Grouped Data

Based from the competency, this module will help you calculate the
measures of variability of grouped data (M7SP-IVh-1).

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. solve the measures of variability of grouped data; and
2. apply the concept of measures of variability in real life context

1
 What I Know

Directions: Read the questions carefully and write the letter of

your answer on your answer sheet.
1. Which measures of variability is considered most reliable?

A. Range C. Average deviation

B. Variance D. Standard deviation
2. What refers to the average of the squared deviations from
the arithmetic mean?

A. Variance C. Co-efficient of variation

B. Standard deviation D. Mean absolute deviation
3. Which of the following is TRUE about standard deviation?
A. It is the square of the variance.
B. It is the square of the class mark.
C. It is the square root of the variance.
D. It is the square root of the mean deviation.
4. For a given data the standard deviation is 20. If 3 is added to each
observation, What is the new variance of the resulting observations?
A. 20 B. 23 C. 17 D. 60
5. Which measure of central tendency is derived from the most
common value.
A. Median B. Variance C. Mode D. Range

6. Which percentage of scores falls within 1 standard

deviation from the mean?

A. 99.7% B. 50% C. 30% D. 95

7. The variance of a given data is 2.66. What is its standard
deviation?
A.1.53 B.1.63 C.1.73 D.1.83

2
 8. The age distribution of students enrolled in Grade 7 at Aloran
Trade High School during the first day of enrolment is shown in the
table below. What is the average deviation?

Ages Frequency

13 5
14 10
19 35
14 40
5 45
A. 4.0 B. 4.2 C. 4.6 D. 4.84
9. What is another word for average?
A. Mean C. Variance
B. Range D. Standard deviation
10. Which of the following BEST describes range?
A. It is half the interquartile range.
B. It is twice the quartile deviation.
C. It is the absolute difference between the upper and lower
quartiles.
D. It is the absolute difference between the highest value and the
lowest value.

3
 Measures of Variability

What’s In

Activity 1: Find Me!

Let’s Find Out: The Mean of the Grouped Data
Let’s Use These Materials: Answer sheet and ball pen
Let’s Do It This Way:
A. Given the grouped data, compute the mean of the scores
of the students in a Mathematics 8 test.
Class Frequency
46-50 1
41-45 5
36-40 11
31-35 12
26-30 11
21-25 5
16-20 2
11-15 1

Lesson Range of Grouped Data

1

What’s New

Activity 2: ConnectiWord!
Let’s Find Out: The Word from the Scrambled Letters
Let’s Use These Materials: Answer sheet and ballpen

4
Let’s Do It This Way:
a. Arrange the scrambled letters by sequencing the clues
indicated below the letter. Write the answers on your answer
sheet.
Start Here!

After she subtracted the lowest score from the highest

score, what word is formed to find the spread of the scores?

What Is It
is a measure of
the full distance
along the
number scale
has many simple
real life problems
that could be
values vary solved applying
its concepts
Range

must learned must be explored

range to make further to know
solution of how this could
problems solve many real
possible life problems

5
 range
=
hig hest value _ low est value
(R ) (H L) (LV )

The formula for the range is also applicable to grouped data.

Example : Solve for the range of the data shown in the table below.
Grade 7 Test Scores in Mathematics

Class Interval Class Boundary Highest

19 -22 18.5 – 22.5 Boundary
15 - 18 14.5 – 18. 5
11 - 14 10. 5 – 14.5
Lowest
Boundary

To find the range, subtract the lowest boundary from the highest boundary.
We have,

R= H – L

= 22.5 – 10.5
= 12

What’s More

Activity 3: Let’s Apply It!

Let’s Find Out: The Range of Grouped Data
Let’s Use These Materials: Answer sheet and ballpen
Let’s Do It This Way: Find the range of the given data. Write the
complete solutions and answer on your answer sheet.
1. Calculate the range of the Weekly Allowance of Grade 7
Students in Aloran Trade High School.
Weekly Allowance
Frequency
(in Pesos)
500 -549 2
450 -499 3
400 - 449 1
350 - 399 3
300 - 349 4

Range =____________________
6
 Lesson Mean Deviation of Grouped Data
2

What’s New

Here is a simple way in calculating mean deviation by using the

given values and formula.

Formula: MD = A . M +
∑ f (fd) i. Try to look at this example
∑f

A.M=33 ∑ f d=−7 A.M=27.50 ∑ f d=33

∑ f =48 i=5 ∑ f =30 i=500

32.27
Mean Deviation Mean Deviation __

What Is It

Mean Deviation
(MD)

Also known
as,

Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD)

is the average distance between each

data value and the mean

7
 Mean Deviation of Grouped Data

Calculate the mean deviation of the grouped data below to complete the
table.

Classes Frequenc Class fx |x−x| f |x −x|

y Mark
(f) (x)
2-4 2
4-6 3
6-8 6
8-10 2
10-12 1
∑ f = 14

Steps in Calculating Mean Deviation of Grouped Data

Frequenc
y
1. Find the sum of (f)
2
frequency ∑ f = 2 + 3 + 6 + 2 + 1 = 14
(∑f ) 3
6
2
1
∑ f = 14
2. Get the class hb+lb 4+ 2 6 Classes Class Mark
(x) = = = =3
mark using the 2 2 2 (x)
formula: 2-4 3
4-6 5
hb+lb 6+ 4 10 6-8 7
hb+lb (x) = = = =5 8 - 10 9
(x) = 2 2 2
2 10 - 12 11

hb+lb 8+6 14
Remember: (x) = = = =7
2 2 2
 “hb” is the higher
boundary of the hb+lb 10+8 18
class interval (x) = = = =9
2 2 2

 “lb” is the lower hb+lb 12+ 10 22

boundary of the (x) = 2 = 2 =
2
= 11
class interval

8
3. Get the product of Solution:
the frequency (f) fx = ( f ) ( x) Frequenc Class fx
and class mark (x) = (2) (3) = 6 y Mark
then, fx = ( f ) ( x) (f) (x)
get the summation = (3) (5) = 15 2 3 6
of fx to solve for 3 5 15
the mean in the fx = ( f ) ( x)
= (6) (7) = 42 6 7 42
next step. 2 9 18
fx = ( f ) ( x) 1 11 11
= (2) (9) = 18
∑ f = 14 ∑ fx =9
fx = ( f ) ( x) 2
= (2) (9) = 18
4. Solve for the Solution:
mean using the ∑ fx
value; Mean ( x ) =
∑f
92
∑ fx = 92 = 14
∑ f = 14 = 6.57
AD = |x−x|
5. Compute the = |3−6.57| Class |x−x|
absolute deviation = |−3.57| mark
(AD). AD= 3.57 (x)
3 3.57
Note: AD = |x−x| 5 1.57
7 0.43
|x−x| = |5−6.57|
9 2.43
Read as the = |−1.57|
absolute value of AD = 1.57 11 4.43
the class mark
minus the mean. Note: Continue solving until the last value of class
mark.
6. Find the product Solution:
of the frequency f ¿ )= 6 ( 3.57) = 7.14
(f) and the Freq.
absolute (f) |x−x| f (|x−x|)
deviation (|x−x|) 2 3.57 7.14
then get the sum. 3 1.57 4.71
6 0.43 2.58
2 2.43 4.86
1 4.43 4.43
∑f= ∑ f |x−x|=23.72
14

7. Calculate the mean We substitute the above value to the formula,

deviation, thus, we have :
using the formula:
∑ f |x−x|=23.72 , and
∑ f =14
9
MD =
∑ f |x−x| MD =
∑ f |x−x| = 23.72 = 1.69
∑f ∑f 14

10
 What’s More

Activity 4: Let’s Apply It!

Let’s Find Out: The Mean Deviation of Grouped Data
Let’s Use These Materials: Answer sheet and ballpen
Let’s Do It This Way: Calculate the mean deviation of the following.
Write the complete solution on your answer sheet.
1. Compute the mean deviation.

Classes Frequency Class Mark fx |x−x| f |x −x|

(f) (x)
46-50 1 48 48 13.4 13.4

41-45 10 43 430 8.4 84

36-40 10 38 380 3.2 32

31-35 16 33 528 1.6 25.6

26-30 9 28 252 6.6 59.4

21-25 4 23 92 11.6 46.4

∑ f = __ ∑ fx ∑ f |x−x| = __
=__

MD =
∑ f |x−x|=______
∑f

11
 Lesson Standard Deviation and Variance of
3 Grouped Data

What’s New

Activity 5: Arrange Me!

Let’s Find Out: The Word from the Scrambled Letters
Let’s Use These Materials: Answer sheet and ballpen
Let’s Do It This Way:
a. Arrange the scrambled letters by sequencing the
clues indicated below the letter.
b. Write the answer on your answer sheet.

V R
Then she
A
Jean creates a Then she gets the
multiply the midpoint of each
frequency
frequency and interval
distribution of
the midpoint of
each class
interval to get
I
E Then,she add f(x)
to get the
Hence the formula summation of x
C as
∑ f ( x−x )2
After that,she
multiply(f)by(xmean)2
∑ f −1 N
And divided by the
frequency of the
A She subtracts the
midpoint to the
b. In order
sample data to find theAfter getting
spread of the
the scores of Mel, what
mean(x-mean) anddid she
f(x) she compute she squared the
discover the mean using result

V
1. What is the first letter of the word? ________
2. What word is formed from the scrambled letters? ________

What Is It

12
Variance and standard deviation for grouped data

The variance is defined as the quotient of the sum of squared

deviations from the mean divided by n - 1 while the standard deviation is
the square root of the variance. Thus, the formulas are given below.

√
S= N
∑ f X 2m−¿ ( ∑ f X )
Variance 2

N (N−1)
m

∑
¿ f x2
Standard deviation
S=

√
m−¿ ( ∑ f x )
2

S2 = n ¿ ∑ f x 2m−¿ (∑ f x )
m

n(n−1) 2

n m
¿
n(n−1)
Where:
∑ f xm = the summation of the product between frequency and
class
Mark.
∑ f x 2m = the summation of the product between frequency and
squared class mark.
x m = class mark f = frequency n= total frequency
fx m = the product of frequency and class mark
2
x m = squared of class mark
2
fx m = the product frequency and squared class mark

Important Points Regarding the Calculation of the Standard Deviation.

1. The standard deviation cannot be negative.

2. The standard deviation of a set of data is zero if and only if the
observations are of equal values.
3. As a rough guide, the standard deviation should have a value which is
equal to approximately one-third of the range.
4. If a constant is added to each observation in a set of data, then the
standard deviation of the new set of data is the same as the standard
deviation of the original set of data.

13
Example : Find the variance and standard deviation of the following
distribution shown in the given table.
Process Solution

Step 1.Find the sum of x f

30-34 4
the frequencies ( n ).
25-29 5
20-24 6
15-19 2
10-14 3
n = 20

Step 2.
x f Class Mark
Add the class marks ¿
(xm)
) in the third column.
30-34 4 32
(Average of lower
25-29 5 27
boundary and higher
20-24 6 22
boundary)
hb+lb 30+34 15-19 2 17
xm = =
2 2 10-14 3 12
64 n=20
= 2 =32

Step 3.
x f (Class fx m
Add another column of mark)
xm
f (x ¿¿ m)¿ and find the
30-34 4 32 128
product of frequency 25-29 5 27 135
and class mark) 20-24 6 22 132
15-19 2 17 34
f (x ¿¿ m)¿ = 4 x 32 10-14 3 12 36
n=20
=128
= 5 x 27 = 135
= 6x 22 = 132
= 2x17 = 34

14
 = 3x12 = 36

Step 4. n=20 = 465

Add the column of
(fx¿¿ m)¿ then get the
sum of frequency and
class mark

∑ f xm
=128+135+132+34+36
= 465

Step 5.
Add the column
2
xm .
Then get the squared
of class mark ( xm)2
2
x m = (32)2 = 1024
= (27)2 = 729
= (22)2 = 484
= (17)2 = 289
= (12)2 = 144
x f Class fx m xm
2 2
fx m
mark
Step 6.
xm
Find the product of 30-34 4 32 128 1024 4096
25-29 5 27 135 729 3645
frequency and squared
20-24 6 22 132 484 2904
class mark and get the 15-19 2 17 34 289 578
summation of 10-14 3 12 36 144 432

∑ f x 2m
n=20
∑ f xm ∑ f x 2m
= 465 =11655

15
 n ∑ f x 2m −( ∑ f x m )
2
Step 7. 20 (11655 )−(465)2
2
s= =
Substitute in the n ( n−1 ) 20(20−1)

variance formula
233100−216225
= 380
∑ f x m = 465 and
16875
= 380
∑ f x 2m = 11655
s = 44.407894
2

n ∑ f x 2m −( ∑ f x m )
2
2
s=
n ( n−1 )

Step 8. s= √ 44.407894 = 6.66

Substitute Therefore the standard deviation is 6.66

s=
√ n
∑ f X 2m−¿ ( ∑ f X )
n(n−1)
2
m
¿

What’s More

Activity 6: Let’s Apply It!

Let’s Find Out: The Standard Deviation

Let’s Use These Materials: Answer sheet and ballpen

Let’s Do It This Way: Copy and complete the table below and find the
variance and standard deviation. Write the answer on
your answer sheet.

X f xm fx m xm
2 2
fx m
46-50 1 48 48 2304 2304
41-45 10 43 430 1849 18490
36-40 10 38 380 1444 14440
31-35 16 33 528 1089 17424
26-30 9 28 252 784 7056
21-25 4 23 92 529 2116

n ∑ f x 2m −( ∑ f x m )
2

Variance Formula: s=
2

n ( n−1 )
16
2
 √ n(n−1)

N=__ ∑ f x m= __ ∑ f x 2m= ___

What I Have Learned

Activity 7: Supply Me!

Let’s Find Out: The Missing Terms
Let’s Use These Materials: Answer sheet and ballpen
Let’s Do It This Way: Fill in the blanks to make the statement correct. Write
the answer on your answer sheet.

17
 1. The _____ is the difference between the largest
and smallest value in the data.
2. The _____ is found by dividing the sum of the
absolute deviations by the number of
observations.
3. The _____ is the square root of the variance.
4. The _____ is the sum of the squared deviations
from the mean divided by n - 1.

What I Can Do

Activity 8: It’s Your Turn!

Let’s Find Out: Measures of Variability
Let’s Use These Materials: Answer sheet and ballpen
Let’s Do It This Way: Tell something about what you have learned in each
of the given terms below. Write the answer on your
answer sheet.

1.Range

2.Mean Deviation

3.Variance

4.Standard deviation

Assessment

Directions: Read the questions carefully and write the letter of

your answer on your answer sheet.
1. Which measure of central tendency is derived from the most
common value.
A. Median B. Variance C. Mode D. Range

18
2. Which percentage of scores falls within 1 standard deviation from the
mean?
A. 99.7% B. 50% C. 30% D. 95%
3. The variance of a given data is 2.66 . What is its standard deviation.
A. 1.53 B.1.63 C.1.73 D.1.83
4. The age distribution of students enrolled in Grade 7 at Aloran Trade
High School during the first day of enrolment is shown. What is the
average deviation?

Ages Frequency

13 5
14 10
19 35
14 40
5 45

A. 4.0 B. 4.2 C. 4.6 D. 4.84

5. Which measures of variability is considered most reliable?

A. Range C. Average deviation

B. Variance D. Standard deviation
6. What refers to the average of the squared deviations from the arithmetic
mean?

A. Variance C. Co-efficient of variation

B. Standard deviation D. Mean absolute deviation

7. Which of the following is TRUE about standard deviation?

A. It is the square of the variance.
B. It is the square of the class mark.
C. It is the square root of the variance.
D. It is the square root of the mean deviation.
8. For a given data the standard deviation is 20. If 3 is added to each
observation, what is the new variance of the resulting observations?
A. 20 B. 23 C. 17 D. 60
9. What is another word for average?

19
 A. Mean C. Variance
B. Range D. Standard deviation
10. Which of the following BEST describes a range?
A. It is half the interquartile range.
B. It is twice the quartile deviation.
C. It is the absolute difference between the upper and lower quartiles.
D. It is the absolute difference between the highest value and the lowest
value.

Additional Activities

Activity 9: Calculate Me!

Let’s Find Out: Range, Mean Deviation, and Standard Deviation

Let’s Use These Materials: Answer sheet and ballpen

Let’s Do It This Way: Complete the table and find the range, mean deviation,
and standard deviation.

X f xm fx m 2
xm
2
fx m
36-40 10 38 380 1444 14440
31-35 16 33 528 1089 17424
26-30 9 28 252 784 7056
21-25 5 23 115 529 2645
N= ___ ∑ f x m= ___ ∑ f x 2m= ____
Range: __________
Mean Deviation: __________
Standard Deviation: __________

Answer Key

What I Know Assessment

1. D 1. C
2. A 2. B ACTIVITY 4
3. C 3. B Mean Deviation= 5.216
4. A 4. D
5. C 5. D ACTIVITY 5
6. B 6. A
7. B 7. C 1. V
8. D 8. A
9. A 9. A 2. VARIANCE
10.D 10.D 20
 ACTIVITY 6

n= 50
∑ f x m= 1730 Activity 1
∑ f x 2m = 61830 Mean = 32.27

s2 = 40.24 Activity 2
s = 6.34 Answer:
RANGE
Activity 7
1. range
ACTIVITY 3
2. mean deviation
Range = 200
3. standard
deviation
4. variance

Activity 9
X f xm fx m 2
xm
2
fx m
36-40 10 38 380 1444 14440
31-35 16 33 528 1089 17424
26-30 9 28 252 784 7056
21-25 5 23 115 529 2645
N= 40 ∑ f x m= 1275 ∑ f x 2m= 41565
Range: 19
Mean Deviation: 32.6
Standard Deviation: 4.87
References

Oronce,Orlando A., et al., e-math, Rex Book Store, Inc (RBSI) 2012, pp.425 – 437
Soto , Reynaldo C., et al., Integrated Mathematics (SEDP) Second Year,pp 366-373

Bibliography entry

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Arya,Jagdish.Algebra and Trigonometry with Applications.Englewood Cliffs,N.J Prentice
Hall,1983
Downie,Nerville.Basic Statisticall Methods.3d ed.New York:harper and Row,1970

Links:
www.rexinteractive.com
https://statisticsbyjim.com/basics/variability-range-interquartile-variance-standard-deviation/
https://www.bing.com/search?q=statistical+questions+worksheets&FORM=R5FD2

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