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created the first
They a U.shaped
road ron
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[lî London was the first to live in n ew

citg in the world to hque on suburbs that
underground troin sgstem. This were created
gear, the "Tube" is celebroting around the city,
its 150th birthdog! a nd more lines

rF he first Underground line opened to serve

I connected the three marn
I London train stations. The
Metropolitan Line opened on 10
January 1863. lt was 5.6 km long
and it had just five stations. The
trains had steam
and there were gas lights in the
carriages. The atmosphere was dark
and "sulphuious" and passengers
complained they felt ill. lmagine what
it was like when
smoking carriages
were introduced
IYI,:
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the 1B70sl
. Yi*{*1&
But the Underground was a real
necessity in 1800s London. The
locomotives, city's popu ation had increased from
1 milllon to 2.5 million in just 50 years.
The streets were crowded with horses
that pul1ed carriages and buses and
created 1,000 tonnes of dung every
dayl
TAKE THE TUBE
in
The creation of a new transport
system encouraged people to move
i r'.
.-{È I:.,
& a
+11r.=* them. In 1908
the different lines
amalgamated
with the new
name, the Underground, and the red
circle logo that is stil familiar today.
The other common name is the Tube,
because its trains are cylindrical.
From 1905, the trains used electricity,
not steam, so the experience was
much more pleasant.
As more lines and stations were built,
the Tube map became very complicated.
|n1931, Harry Beck proposed a map that
was simplified, but not geographically
accurate. The Tube bosses werent very
enthusiastic, but thev tested it in 1933,

and the popular map became a model

:.:'Y11.,
ri:tts;É
ê."* E tr for train systems all over the world.
During the Second World Waç Tube
fuæ§ een stations had a nerry role: they were air-
.%§w i:,#iij.
#-YV
raid sheters fcr mil ions of Londoners.
When the sirens announced that
German planes were arriving to bomb
.'L! the city, Londoners spent the night in the
'.é':l
§iff&e î6i{ôûr$rê"* stations and on the pladorms.
@i
Today, there are eleven ines and 270
stations. The Tube transporls 4 million
people a day over40B km oftracksl g

(adj) exact vehicle pulled by a horse things in the same place steam (n) vapour you can see
built pret. of to build: to construct to complain (v) to say you are not
dung (n) horses'excrement when water boils (100'C)
carriage (n) a train has a satisfied/happy ghelter (n) place where you can sulphurous (adj) noun: sulphur
locomotive and carriages. Also a crowded (adj) with lots of people/ find protection (yellow gas with a bad odour)

* ru.y coing N'4 IVay 2013 Nathan al unauthorised photocopying is illegal