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yaiis Arp MEASUREMENTS oO LEE Kilogtam > mays» Ungth .ete:... The ate JobeonaHonally No 4 with Ge comparatively — Laser than 10° of physical ditre -> Volume , mee ~> diekanw, accepted suferences quantities x Many physical Cluantties & lyter cr number => dame unik exi- Work ce energy > tembination a exiting antl x Velotity => physical: quant. —> url metre second metre —> length Second -> ime dye Ou Clanigied into Atypes: - fondamental /pase :. ex:- Derived :. originate» fundamental units ex- m®, m> micec » g Im? Aerived Unit together = abyslim G Unila - kg pms Sees ke Yandamental and ted System | ee System Snteraationol unit.» globally accep Pr rneasusement Base nile : - Bae Unis . 4 baw vnlt opined to this Syslim Cm, Kg 5 Sec, Amp, kel mole, Candela ) Deseed write: Qu ohn than the f Ore Derived Uni x Radion -> angular meotuse . treald a4 4 Sterdian -> Solid angle j ee Rerved unt poe BL.) co mmorpos uy: —_—_~~ + sas ge =ur repos UP * aur = acme tues wm 0 may gmduigy 40) wp | pba 240) = NON I rps puo why v0 YeemIg OOK w pug rnbio aanreny oF — 410n PRPPUOIY | GorpEy sy omc ceyroo pay rvoused aueeeep x wmf — ansasq wat} 2d gurgep vb mum © bm 29 = 47 Pepa =e BHI 0 70g] olga 0 oon pro whe abee pw ty nok 9399 molyo my Gren pro rhe wht 10 fy AR bougg 93 & mouned surah wor aera aye afro oe Gy veurenre 10 vonited Pamayn fh my oe saan ayy VY | rronow 0% pe 5a Adersoeo Baqpouuny & adensets)at uaypne «nab er Prawagya 24 | : poyinu royred <~ x! YH ah aber ae a by ya gen abe me aE Te no “bog unrond wi eR PH away Poy youoHD4 antl < malqg Mave! Dumoq vowwo <- qrlyo nginn Fryowway aig wou mm & wh =: awe C70 row ynwayo) nue = qua «mp mune Uf by = quo t3 -; mo Jo wawraiarehy tag 1k 9b = EARL EADY avby comcmay 197 ummeaq amp = avd ATI wx aeh = ytog PHO np aredh apbrr! Cow) awa 21WoUaHA? ¢ rbuq, ofan) a anes sey «eg, Cn or Peed! -.mabin & obey a (ee0-0 wamesee = L Ove ter os! 7 port€e0-0* xpi e bl <7 PMT 7 ol poe 01m 422000 OL fe 4a °Y ee 6-0 Ig Deo kal AGL 28 “wed ay . a re oO wyrrabel = OY 6 yw mH v wuoyf woo 7% B mveymp rye and) “wy 01 ue ) smog ag Of WTO 7m aajourmp «HUAN ' HS wp voworeasga $ rvowzeup om me Aq uso mH 70 previme 9 bo my yecwe pry ead nisoddo Arersiowore ant wo prmesga voow m7 pot! Se Oe prs Es gl 107 #1 pussy a Poe, ort 5 fuel = 99 7 gl 2z0u oy @ — aa ty auto foun rus oN rou | Xo woe vn nivad & ON 3% quawesnm 110 40 * umayrruq = TD Byun yw Pud foo quasar Ayu oyarug 1 BOUSS svospasd ¥81Y uojspead onoy aafarned 4814 Poorman ¥biy Poona oy founno 4614 Q oo eayo yr OF wey ro mmo pernrorw mh way ab UOT AA mmo, MD HR nan ony 9 ap Posty | % nh mmvA pesnronw = wayo 5) £ — evouvugin onptregteos'e = puorep) ae wnyag b svoymegin 2rpouad uodn pag WIT? 2ymayy spo way Aq pases puonp < fMiTp Seay fe aoe : : By ot % 60! = gucqoe uaLome ow < swoyven a manu <— s0Houl ee -asxonvun bow a wD % Bx geal 0? se woe) uayovon * 4 vr vapala vO sity ano udosBapade you * melo vbr | = 2 ay 1 1 ABystematie and Random errors Tagoane evrprs :- errors tend Yo shige tho veaule ul one dizedion es uhumental evror — ex:- metre Acale worn ampexperiton ty experimental technique / procedure : - ex.- Thermometer les than | “actual body temp. » Rexsonat errors = eh “stig a thounometer gem below tre hon zantal Of at the end . Placed vi Gampit. measures radom with ~—-Aeapect fd Bige ard ign. festuations duc to power supply ex: unespected » Keast Counk error: —— , * alla Value ah — instrument con = Measune ex:- Vernier Callipe*s Msp: main Scale Division ke: Bor : IMsp - Ivse Vea: Vesnier Stale Division + Absolute frror'- Riffina ~~ bebween individuok meosusument ond ive Volue 4 the quantity ° Aenoted by [sal =r modulus & always tve lo times «ha, = & - mean ES measured 0 quankihy a Relative frror:- Rak muon absolute erry Aamean yo mean Value Aman 4 anti ty measused => lo Hmex measuse ment: x Mean absolule 2707 = Joa,) 4 [sao] 4--- #14401 10 Relative error = AQ mean _—_ Q mean I riage — fereonta ge “exer! wt |y Rrantage corer’ frantoge: yw teams Oe ee g punoted by $4 2 [8 Ansan Janenn) * x100 ke Absolute eovor |aa] x Relative e277 ]44)/man y In ducemive measurement penbd g gscillalion = % F fndulum the sdadungs Yan ut te be 4b3S, F582 B48, ans and aéo d. (aluslate Yo absolute 007075 5 gelahve. | | error Or porcntage earr - Aosolute error :- /Ba,] = a) - Amean . Anten =2 63% A8+R4s4 aT +8 fD , BHA S | s —_—_ | | |aa,) = &@b63- bX = 0'Olec- \ Jags}: Os -Amean - Sb - Aba 20:00 S ]ha3| > Qs - Amean = AHR - Aba 7 0-80 S ]A0) = a4 -Amean = 41! - 6A = 6-09 S | Aac) = Qe - Amean Jato- 262] = O18 S- Relative error: - /bamean | &mean Aq [Ra mua] + 0-01 + 00640-80480 1018 = Ould. 2 i RE = on eeetos { Fhe | sh ror = 0-04 x10 = 4% — Combioahon of : filet’ when two guantitves ase addi! or dublracted , re gibso Lule. error Ui the nol gust «= dum O the absolut ers th te Mndividual guanttes GE Hoo quanti teas xX and Y add up pom another Z. then Aze Ax+ ay zi X+y => two physical want. Sh X hot an abtolum err Ax and Y hos 4y na So, zeae: XtAnty +47 measusem ent ° a> zthzs (X+7) + Caxr+ yD y Fquating both sdidles = giver So, |Az = O¥ +47 2: x+y [fale_a:- whin two quarter ane Imultiplied or didded 1 the Sve grmy vi we sale ote Um we Felalive enoors the mueldiplieat - fox came STAs pa Here 7. xX.y oy zeae =[X4ax)- (y +4) => small: => xy 4 KAYA YAX + AKSY oy ignored | + Ras bY 2 and LHS by KY JA AE = f+ AY 4 A% = Y x Rule 3:- Relative errr vi a Physical quantity wauid to he Power Kv the kK Hime te Sllative tw te Ddividual qpank ry oi AK ep Az Bf Seonp 4 wo bode: measured = bg = Wet ose Calculate temp - diferente ee As -b, 2» (S044 05") Wfho'e t ost) * 30 t Ite ~ temp dif, roor_involved - 2k AA A by Weemomeber ane ty - dO'cd OSG Sigerereans Tiguqes / pill - Al, vuliable digits + the gt uncos town ge a4 05 7 47 uncortain digits & C- In hy 56 km yo =? soliable digit © sigripeant ome oles: AIL non- zero igus We Signi pi cant a feat Tin joes behoeun non~ Zero aupit are AGRIBIA? ex: - 4092084 A taminot xermer —withour a Aecimal P Se 47000 Net condered £04 2 sig 49 - * Yerminal Zemes with a dedmal pk au signigh cant P griff LS 1000 => 5 ig. Fig Hr a mumber les than 1, xerves on wight 4 clecimod pt oul ist — pon zem oligit = ae NOE ignificant « , gi i eo eiey 97 8 ag H9 x a Change g Unite olpes not change signifi cont pigures . 43-8 (m — 3% 6 43am —> 38g oe 0 20043a km —> 3B hg: hig } Ambiguities ch signisicant i Ambiguities with the = Joxmunat Keres Ao 6 0M => 4 6g. Fig Fare nok significant - 510-0 em => 4 8g tg eee mm => 2 ag He 22 Seantinie NotangD + a waitten hike ts ani? Fach number sia: cope bi an tigae » ypenk a ny deat number Called == Bigniifeand - th 5000s xD? =? 5 -> Signitheand O-00000% = 4-brIDY => 2 sSignifftand . Tom oy 2 Sig niffeand 16 1108 emis 99 16 10%km ay Gola ger awitimec operations wits Lipeipteant fe Role: Jn mulkiplitalton [division > ‘pra qusule Aboud sultan o4 as oe Hee 4 Onigen ab many Signizfoant fgee rumba with te teat Aipnigfeant fom ee 5:879 * 46s = a1 :33735 = 21 3 as 3 afignigicand . ° S G lark - le 2: a n addition / Sublracti on gina ssw Aooudd wine a many decimal placs 24 me dr i laces - (oast ceim =P . " 1474 4 esa e ar b44 wotten a are as ba TA HEL 7 decimok places ° 4 Younden, uncestan ait . / et ot Soe teity pe 9S OM doop opite dligelt Yo the aught C 9h he digit > i FHTS 1 #7 Roun duig olewn:- deaue te gives and dicad all digi AO SHIS2 o> yo IS gyte =7 3dec place or SF last cltcimal place ait a fy te aught (459 aug =5? fexpunoting the whak a ig oligt 2 even , beaut as kt fs bet a a ee ant Hes Dimensions §— Ge Chygsi cad on Nimensions og a Phytol quantity 4 sulted 40 te 7 PoC Quentihds Bowity = O00 py 4) Diplawment - [iJ Time [1 *J Aces Le = LT 7 -2 = mxa_ x duplacment © Crepuse = fora Area (feng => Pavir? J tre guiantity y > M ykg y See A,k, ‘cds Mol - y Bimensionat formula :. $n feud BM haT ented in [ J. ein Deity = mon Ue In] Volume Volume = (length) * - fey © Acceleration = Velocity chtplacemenk time time? © work = fore x CusplacamenE => Famxa peters) (e] => Deets] = meas fw] fi1*d LY ebe s Br Dip i, \ = \ © Aimensvon Analysis ai tr Dimena inal th Corveck equation => Nob Correct - » Pimensiorally Correck eguation a> Not alurags Correck . Peducing selation amon, Physteal uant Fes t Rnown that ume period Simple pendulum depen Jon lengrtr 4 he = pendulum £ and g . Dedue whe ekPres wn ae it Ts k age gn ins. Ct] = Em? t'] ree fu]? fire y® -(Ly* fication (on) [meet F] equating LHS oy RHS Powers Oe g: (tt7*] 0: ath => az-b eu powers of yp: - in be cee be ache ar Ye ihe ie 219° Y= : Dimensional eee Cluantities wit dimensions 4 Q Constant Value . LE Speed of Uipte © => 6 ~ (LD = 3x10%m)s Gravitational Constonk @ = Fe Gmymz Ge FY na mime Ge c x{leng)” - 2 seca. ples [m1] 2 fares 4] by (ortasn Objed by Pe kv* whee bh oe Magninide 4 — Yoree ¢ i experienced moving With — ebpead v ur given D Onstant- Find the dimensions BK Foo. Mir” 2 [med ve ery T= kgms”” that | Speed vet me) and AL 8t anit 9 enagy mula for Kinetic accelesaion a & ms-*. yshich % the enug(k) guien ele - Can yor Aule out On tho basty dimensional angument (nm Stand fo te Mats gy Yhe body J - py? . Oa “ ee Sz unit @ energy, ke [m]* [et] T= kg me-* sft s-9] 8° [eg 2 faut et] D) Kz L my? . a 4 Lemv" =[m] fer] = pm] ted? an = [mer] 5 OMG > homo geneity % follerorng a (orrect « v T-> Tima Pensd_, G-7 grav. cont Pimensionalley M-? mas &-75adun ~ (meray = mt 7° tus 2 RAS the formula 4 intorrect PTAs antes . al (meerty 2 oe 8 O° os wea (meer. m't-2 0 ae Rus -> incorrect - + ae an ©, ee ne o (°L*+ ——— 2 [rhe t*] me TM LHS = RHS > Correck AY Hoo many light years aut these vi bra metre > I Ly 5 9646 x10'7™ ? 2 im OG nente emenememelee VE 2ei- 0.17 EXT OMEN AY, 446 x j0!5 The angular cltametes a, the dun 1990" 4h the aistane a Me dun from tg cant. 15 A10""m what the dntor— leuity f the fun Se teexiolim Ang. Atamete = & = 1920", 19204 4:85 X04 De Sxo = 5x10" 20x45 Io FTTH x109m

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