Leadership

Ethics
Group- 4

Jawadul Islam Naveed- 190061103

Nazmus Sakib Rumman- 190061108
Rohit Azad- 190061115
Moin Khan - 190061126
Jemam Shahriar- 190061131
Mushfiq khan- 190061143
Aiman Bhuiyan 190061147
Julkar Naeen Abir- 190061138
Mashkhawath Abedin Mahi- 190061150
 Ethical leadership
is leadership that is directed by respect for ethical beliefs
and values and for the dignity and rights of others.

Ethics is concerned-
Kinds of values
Morals
Virtuousness of individuals
Motives

In regard to leadership, ethics is concerned with what

leaders do and who leaders are.

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 Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development

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 Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development

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 Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development

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 Moral Development Levels
Kohlberg's Moral Development Theory

Level 1: Level 2: Level 3:

Preconventional Morality Conventional Morality Postconventional Morality
• Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment • Stage 1: Interpersonal Accord and • Stage 1: Social Contract and
• Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange Conformity Individual Rights
• Stage 2: Maintaining the Social Order • Stage 2: Universal Principles

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 Levels of Moral Development Theory

Level 1: Preconventional Morality

Definition: Focus on direct consequences, two stages.

Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange

• Individuals obey rules to avoid punishment. Moral choices based on self-interest and relative values.
• Example: A child believes stealing is bad because it leads to Example: Favor exchange - "I'll do a favor for you, if you do a
jail. favor for me."

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 Levels of Moral Development Theory
Conventional and Postconventional Morality

Level 2: Conventional Morality Level 3: Postconventional Morality

Definition: Focus on societal norms, two stages. Definition: Personal ethics-principles, two stages.

Stage 1: Interpersonal Accord and Conformity Stage 1: Social Contract and Individual Rights
• Moral choices based on conforming to community expectations. • Moral decisions based on a good society and individual rights.
• Example: A student not cheating to be a "good" student. • Example: The state paying for a dying boy's cancer treatment.

Stage 2: Maintaining the Social Order Stage 2: Universal Principles

• Moral decisions to support societal rules and laws. • Moral reasoning based on internalized universal principles of
• Example: Not running a red light to uphold traffic laws. justice.
• Example: Civil rights activist's commitment to justice.

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 Ethical egoism
Acting so as to create the greatest good
for her- or himself

Utilitarianism
Approaches to making Behaving so as to create the greatest good for the
decisions regarding greatest number
moral conduct

Altruism
Considering the best interests of others

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 Ethical Theories Based on Self-Interest Versus Interest for Others

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 Deontological Ethics

Is derived from the Greek word deos,

which means “duty.”

Focuses on the inherent goodness or

morality of actions, regardless of their
consequences

Actions like telling the truth, keeping

promises, being fair, and respecting others
are considered inherently good

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 Virtue-Based Ethics

Focus on a leader's character and virtues as a

reflection of who they are as people

Learned through practice rather than innate

qualities

Actions like courage, temperance, generosity,

self-control, honesty, sociability, modesty,
fairness, and justice

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 Centrality of Ethics to Leadership

Leaders have a Leaders have an ethical Leaders play a major role in

responsibility to be sensitive responsibility to treat establishing the ethical
to how their leadership followers with dignity climate of their
affects followers’ lives and respect. organizations.

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 Heifetz’s Perspective on
Ethical Leadership

● Leaders use authority to help followers deal

with the conflicting values that emerge in rapidly
changing work environments and social cultures.

● Leaders use authority to get people to pay

attention to the issues, to act as a reality test
regarding information, to manage and frame
issues, to orchestrate conflicting perspectives,
and to facilitate decision making.

● The leader’s duties are to assist the follower

in struggling with change and personal growth.

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 Ethical Norms

● Ethical norms are the standards of behavior

that are considered acceptable and right within a
particular group or culture.

● Ethical norms can be formal or informal,

written or unwritten.

● Ethical norms can be enforced through

sanctions, such as ostracism, fines, or
imprisonment.

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 Burns's Ethical Leadership Perspective
Burns's transformational leadership theory emphasizes addressing followers' needs and values to enhance their
moral standards

Ethics plays a central role in

Burns's perspective on
leadership

Leaders have a responsibility to

Leaders should engage with followers
& help them navigate conflicting
values, raising the level of morality in
both the leader and the follower
Raises questions about how to
define better morals and the
place of corrupt leaders in the
context of leadership
assist followers in assessing
their values and needs,
encouraging them to reach
higher levels of functioning

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 The Dark Side of Leadership The Toxic Triangle
Pseudo transformational Leadership: Leaders
exploiting their role for personal gain

Characteristics of toxic leaders:

Destructive behaviors
Lack of integrity
Insatiable ambition
Arrogance and recklessness

Impact on Followers:
Negative attitudes toward leaders
Negative job and organizational attitudes
Association with negative affectivity and
occupational stress

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 PRINCIPLES OF ETHICAL LEADERSHIP

Variety of disciplines
Leadership education

Origin of Business ethics

the types
Counseling psychology
Traced by
Aristotle Including biomedical ethics

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 5 PRINCIPLES OF
ETHICAL LEADERSHIP

Respect
Others

Serves
Builds Others
Community

Manifests Show
Honestly Justice

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 ETHICAL LEADERS RESPECT OTHERS

Nurture followers in becoming aware of

Approach other people with a sense of
their own needs, values, and purposes,
their unconditional worth and valuable
and assist followers in integrating these
individual differences
with the leader’s needs, values, and
purposes.

A leader listens closely to followers, is Followers can feel competent about their
empathic, and is tolerant of opposing work. Leaders, who show respect treat
points of view. others as worthy human beings.

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 ETHICAL LEADERS SERVE OTHERS
Two ethical theories
They place their followers’
Concern for self (ethical egoism) welfare foremost in their plans.
Interests of others (ethical altruism)
They place their followers’
welfare foremost in their plans.
Robert Greenleaf
(1970, 1977), who Attending to others is the
developed the servant
primary building block of moral
leadership approach.
leadership
“Greater good
To be the Steward (servant) of
This means not being self-
the vision within the
centered, but rather
integrating one’s self or organization
vision with that of others in
the organization.

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 Ethical Leaders Prioritize Justice and Fairness

Ethical leaders emphasize fairness and justice in their actions.

Justice is at the core of their decision-making process.
All followers are treated equally; special treatment is based on clear and moral grounds.
The ethic of reciprocity (Golden Rule) is a guiding principle.
Leaders play a crucial role in resource and reward distribution, reflecting their ethical
values.
Common principles guide leaders in distributing benefits and burdens fairly

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 Applying Fair Distribution Principles

Hypothetical example of a small trucking

company with seven drivers vying for one
profitable route.
Various principles (individual need, minority
rights, effort, societal contribution, seniority,
merit) influence the fair assignment of the
route.
Ethical leaders must make decisions that
consider these principles to ensure fairness

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 The Importance of Honesty in Ethical Leadership

Honesty is a fundamental trait for ethical leaders.

Dishonesty leads to misrepresentation of reality and
creates distrust.
Leaders who are not honest are viewed as undependable
and unreliable.
Honesty is vital for maintaining trust, belief, and respect in
leadership.
Leaders' impact is compromised when others no longer
trust them.

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 Ethical Leaders are Honest

First, we need to know what dishonesty is.

-lying
-mispresenting reality
Which results in No trust in a leader

*Being honest is not just telling the truth

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 Ethical Leaders Build Community

We defined leadership as a process whereby an individual influences

a group of individuals to achieve a common goal.
-broad view

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 Strengths of Ethics and Leadership

High demand for moral leadership in society today.

Offers guidance on ethical leadership in a time of ethical
leadership vacuum.
Highlights the moral dimension of leadership as an
integral part.
Leadership involves values, respect for followers,
fairness, and building community.
Emphasizes enduring ethical principles with over 2,000
years of history.

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 Criticisms of Ethics and Leadership

Early stage of development, lacking traditional

research findings
Limited research directly related to ethical
leadership
Reliance on anecdotal writings without traditional
empirical support
Theoretical formulations about ethical leadership
remain tentative

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 Application of Ethics and Leadership

Ethics and leadership research can be applied to all

levels of organizations and in various walks of life
Leadership involves values and moral dimensions
Ethical theories serve as benchmarks for leaders'
behavior
Emphasizes the importance of the leader-follower
relationship in ethical leadership
Encourages awareness of personal values and ethical
considerations in leadership

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Questions?
Thanks!