Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Fruit Farming Business Plan
Fruit Farming Business Plan
Fruit Farming Business Plan
C
Business proposal
Fikadu Tefere
Fikadu Teferie fruit farms Ltd
2016 E.C
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Fikadu Teferei Fruit Farms Ltd
Contents
1. Executive summary................................................................................................................1
2. Our Products...........................................................................................................................2
6. SWOT Analysis.......................................................................................................................6
7. Market analysis.......................................................................................................................7
9. Sales Forecast........................................................................................................................12
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1. Executive summary
New consumption patterns and preferences for high-value agricultural products (e.g., fruits) are
emerging in developing countries due to rapid urbanization, improved incomes, and increased
awareness of their nutritional values. The agro-ecological conditions of Ethiopia favor the
cultivation of various fruit crops that span from highland (like apple) to lowland (such as dates
and cashew nut) fruits. Abundant and suitable land with different ranges of altitude, huge
irrigation potentials, and ample labor-force in the different parts of the country provide
opportunity to produce tropical, sub-tropical and temperate fruits. In rural areas of Ethiopia, as
such, high-value markets (e.g., fruits) play an important role in the social and economic
development of small-scale farmers’ due to poorly functioning markets with high transaction
costs; this often deters their market participation and promotes mainly own consumption.
However, the country is not much beneficia from the sector according to the high potential it has,
according to the research report of the cooperation Ethiopia agriculture research centers, In the
2013/2014 production year, 499,183.76 tons of fruits were produced in the country. The overall
production increments were 172.87, 227.85, 262.92, 294.15 and 381.57% for banana, avocado,
mango, citrus and papaya, respectively. Whereas, the percent increment in total area coverage
for these fruit crops were 87.22, 321.13, 118.33, 14.30 and -11.82, respectively. Among the
major cultivated fruits, banana has been the leading fruit crop and covered about 57.84%of the
total area (41,356.88 ha) followed by avocado (14.81%) and mango (14.47%). Banana was top
in production increment, while avocado covered the highest total area increment (Asmare
Dagnew, Fruit Crops Research in Ethiopia: Achievements, Current Status and Future Prospects,
2021)
To develop this big potential sector and to get a good income from national and international
market, the government of Ethiopia has been giving a priority for the mechanized agriculture
sector. Based on this initiative, Fekadu Teferie fruit farming private limited company will be a
registered and licensed commercial farm with a fruit plantation (Mango and Avocado) that will
be based in the southern people nation and nationality region, south Omo, Shenko kebele. We
have done our detailed market research and feasibility study and we expect to get 500-hectare
land in lease from the government to start our fruit farm.
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Fikadu Teferei Fruit Farms Ltd
For the first five consecutive years, we plan to do on the cultivation of different species of
Mango and Avocado fruits, which can meet international export quality standard. We plan to do
in the fruit farming business because we want to leverage on the vast opportunities available in
the agriculture industry, to contribute our quota in growing the Ethiopia economy, in national
food production, raw materials production for industries, to export agriculture produce from
Ethiopia to other countries and over and above to make profit.
2. Our Products
We have plan to produce only Mango and Avocado fruits for global market in commercial
quantities. According to the Ministry of Agriculture of Ethiopia fruit variety registry book, there
are four types of mango varieties and six types of avocado varieties. In addition to introduction
and generations of commercial varieties of major fruits, many germplasm collections and
introductions of citrus, banana, grapes, mango, avocado, papaya, pineapple, guava, passion fruit,
strawberry, date palm, Anona, macadamia nut, olive, noni and Casamiroa have been made and
are being conserved in the research centers. Out of this we will select the good variety called
Hass Avocado. The major export fruits of Ethiopia are banana, avocado, mango, papaya,
strawberry, orange, lemon, and orange.
We are in this line of business to make profit, and we will ensure that we do all that is allowed by
the law of the Ethiopia government to achieve our business goals and objectives. These are the
areas we will concentrate on in our fruit farms. If need arises, we will definitely add more
agriculture produce to our list;
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We are aware of the importance of building a solid business structure that can support the picture
of the kind of world class business we want to own. This is why we are committed to only hire
the best hands in Ethiopia and around the globe.
At Fekadu Teferi fruit farms Ltd, we will ensure that we hire people that are qualified,
hardworking, dedicated, customer centric and are ready to work to help us build a prosperous
business that will benefit all our stake holders.
As a matter of fact, profit-sharing arrangement will be made available to all our senior
management staff and it will be based on their performance for a period of ten years or more as
agreed by the management of the farm. In view of the above, Fikadu Teferie fruit farms Ltd.
have decided to hire qualified and competent hands to occupy the following positions;
Administrator/Accountant
Creates, communicates, and implements the organization’s vision, mission, and overall
direction – i.e. leading the development and implementation of the overall organization’s
strategy.
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Fikadu Teferei Fruit Farms Ltd
Responsible for the planning, management and coordinating all farm activities across the
various sections
Uses IT systems and software to keep track of people and progress of the growth of crops
Responsible for overseeing the accounting, costing and sale of farm produce after harvest
Ensures that farming goals are achieved, the most efficient resources (manpower,
equipment, tools and chemicals et al) are utilized and different interests involved are
satisfied. Responsible for preparing financial reports, budgets, and financial statements
for the organization
Responsible for overseeing the smooth running of HR and administrative tasks for the
organization
Oversees the smooth running of the daily farming activities across the various farming
sections
Administrator/Accountant
Responsible for overseeing the smooth running of HR and administrative tasks for the
organization
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Accountable for preparing financial reports, budgets, and financial statements for the
organization
Responsible for the cultivation of fruits such as; Avocado and Mango
Works closely with the General Manager to achieve the organizations’ goals and objectives
Responsible for managing the fruits processing and packaging section of the business to
be within standard quality
Works closely with the General Manager to achieve the organizations’ goals and objectives
Identifies, prioritizes, and reaches out to new partners, and business opportunities et al
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Fikadu Teferei Fruit Farms Ltd
Writes winning proposal documents, negotiate fees and rates in line with company policy
Responsible for handling business research, marker surveys and feasibility studies for
clients
Welcomes guests and clients to the farm by greeting them in person or on the telephone;
answering or directing inquiries.
Ensures that all contacts with clients (e-mail, walk-In center, SMS or phone) provides the
client with a personalized customer service experience of the highest level
Through interaction with clients on the phone, uses every opportunity to build client’s
interest in the company’s products and services
6. SWOT Analysis
Fikadu Teferi fruit farms Ltd, does not intend to launch out with trial and error hence the need to
conduct a proper SWOT analysis. We know that if we get it right from the onset, we would have
succeeded in creating the foundation that will help us build a standard fruit farm that will
favorably compete with leading commercial fruit farms in Ethiopia. We are quite aware that
there are several fruit farms in North region of Ethiopia and even in the same location where we
intend locating ours, which is why we are following the due process of establishing a business.
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We know that if a proper SWOT analysis is conducted for our business, we will be able to
position our business to maximize our strength, leverage on the opportunities that will be
available to us, mitigate our risks and be welled equipped to confront our threats.
Here is a summary from the result of the SWOT analysis that was conducted.
Strength:
We have already created a business partnership with one of a big fruit supplier in Germany. This
pre-agreement helps us to produce our product based on the need of our customer quality which
starting from plantation. Our farm site we have selected has a river which is very nearby, and no
need of other water source finding.
Weakness:
Our weakness could be that however there is no problem around the area that we have selected
for our farm, the current national security problem may affect our business during product
transportation. Another weakness is that we may not have the required cash to promote our
business the way we would want to.
Opportunities:
The opportunities that are available to us cannot be quantified; we know that everybody on
planet earth eat fruits. So also changes in consumer preferences have led supermarkets and other
retail outlets to demand fresh fruits all year-round. We are ready to take advantage of any
opportunity that is available in the industry. Another good opportunity is, now a time most of the
European farms are polluted with artificial fertilizer chemicals and many companies are finding
to supply pure organic fruits and crops from Africa, this creates an international market demand
for us.
Threat:
The number of small local farms and larger commercial farms has been growing. Increasing
imports of fresh produce will slightly constrain demand for vegetables and fruits. Just like any
other business, one of the major threats that we are likely going to face is economic downturn.
7. Market analysis
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Fikadu Teferei Fruit Farms Ltd
If you are a close observer of the trends in the fruits farming industry, you will agree that the
fruit industry is anticipated to increase due to increasing consumer health consciousness, which
has led to increasing demand for fresh produce.
While per capita fruit and vegetable consumption has remained stable in recent time, the price of
organic cultivated fruits has increased as consumers demand premium, fresh fruits.
The largest importers of fresh fruit and vegetables in the world are EU, USA, and Japan.
Currently, the fastest growing fruit importer countries are United state and Germany. According
to the world statics report the quantity of imported fresh fruits per year in the above countries are
listed in below;
According to the above data, there is a big market demand in the major developed countries. Out
of AU countries, Germany has a big market opportunity to import fresh fruits.
Export of fresh fruits in MY 2017/18 (Oct-Sep) is estimated to reach 22,000 metric tons, slightly
up by 1,000 metric tons from preceding year’s level. According to GOE official customs data, a
total of 21,000 metric tons of fresh fruits valued at US $8 million was exported during MY
2016/17. Exports of fresh fruits represent a very small fraction of total productions. The top three
exports of fresh fruits by value are strawberries (US $2.5 million), bananas (US $2 million), and
oranges (US $1 million). Overall, exports of fresh fruits are quite small due to low volume of
local production, high costs of productions and poor quality of produces.
Table 2: Ethiopia’s Major Export Markets for Edible Fruits in CY 2017 (Jan-Dec): Value
in ‘000 USD
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Fikadu Teferei Fruit Farms Ltd
Naturally, the target market of fruit farm produce and also those who benefit from the business
value chain is all encompassing; it is far – reaching. Every household consumes produce from
fruit farms howbeit different types and species of fruits.
Total fruits production of Ethiopia which was around 410,000 metric tones in 2005 has almost
doubled in 2018 reaching 800,000 metric tons in 2018, according to data of the Central Statistics
Agency (CSA).
However, most of the produce are consumed by the growers, while only less than 50,000 metric
tons was sold, according to the August 2021 paper by Fantu Bachewe and Bart Minten from
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
In terms of the area covered with fruits, it has increased to about 120,000 hectares in 2028, from
some 45,000 hectares in 2005.
When it comes to productivity, it has declined to 7 metric tons per hectare in 2019 from around
9.4 metric tons per hectare in 2005, according the study.
When it comes to export destinations of Ethiopia’s fruits, the neighboring Djibouti is the major
destination for all fruit exports of Ethiopia. Following Djibouti, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi
Arabia, and Somalia are also destinations of Ethiopia’s fruits, according to the latest customs
data. We will ensure that we position our business to attract consumers of fresh fruits around the
globe, especially but not limited in Germany and middle east.
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Fikadu Teferei Fruit Farms Ltd
It is easier to find entrepreneur flocking towards an industry that is known to generate consistent
income which is why there are more commercial farmers in Ethiopia and of course in most parts
of the world.
According to official GOE figures reported by the Central Statistics Agency (CSA), annual fruit
production for MY 2017/18 is estimated roughly at 780,000 metric tons. This is slightly lower
than production figures for previous crop year mainly due to reductions in banana acreage. In
MY 2017/18, fruit crops occupied a total area of 104,000 hectares, down by 4% over preceding
year. The total acreage and production volume of fruits represent is very small when compared to
grains production.
Production trends over the last five years indicate total area planted and production quantities
have expanded approximately by half. However, national average yields shown fluctuation and
this significantly varies across fruit crops. For instance, yield per hectare for avocados, lemons,
and papayas have increased over the years. On the other hand, yields for pineapples, oranges, and
mangos have declined. While, banana yields have almost stagnated during these periods. Erratic
weather patterns, prevalence of pests and diseases, and limited access to improved cultivars have
contributed to decreases in yields. See Table 2 below for annual trends of area planted and
production of major fruit crops.
Bananas, mangos, and avocados are the top produces contributing to 67%, 14%, and 10%,
respectively, of the total fruits productions. These fruit crops also occupy relatively larger area of
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farming land. A little description of production situations of the two major fruit crops is presented
below.
Avocado:
Ethiopia’s avocado is one of the most promising fruit crops with the highest potential for
production expansion. Volume of production has quadrupled during the last five years. CSA
figures indicate about 17% of the total acreage of fruit crops is covered with avocados. Although
avocados grow well in different regions, the south western part of Ethiopia is the key production
belt. The main growing season is from May to October. Major avocado varieties grown include:
Hass, Pinkerton, Fuerte, Bacon, Ettinger, and Nabal. The different varieties of avocados are
available seasonally in the local market.
Mango:
Mangos occupy the third largest area planted next to bananas and avocados. Production of
mango increased by 45% from 70,000 metric tons in MY 2013/14 to 105,000 metric tons in
2017/18. The major cultivars grown in Ethiopia include Kent, Keitt, Tommy Atkins, and Apple
mango. Mango harvesting period is from April to June. Benshagul Gumuz, SNNP, Oromia and
Amhara regions are the main production areas.
Overall, exports of fresh fruits are quite small due to low volume of local production, high costs
of productions and poor quality of produces.
We have done our homework and we have been able to highlight some factors that will give us
competitive advantage in the marketplace; some of the factors are effective and reliable farming
processes that can help us sell our produce at competitive prices, good network and excellent
relationship management.
Our competitive advantage lies in the power of our team; our workforce. We have a team of
hardworking and highly proficient farmers and scientists, a team with excellent qualifications
and experience in various niche areas in the fruit farming industry. Aside from the synergy that
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exists
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in our carefully selected team, we have some of the latest farm machines and equipment and we
will be guided by best practices in the industry.
Lastly, all our employees will be well taken care of, and their welfare package will be among the
best within our category in the industry. It will enable them to be more than willing to build the
business with us and help deliver our set goals and achieve all our business aims and objectives.
9. Sales Forecast
You might anticipate your first mango harvest somewhere between three and six years after the
seedlings have germinated. Growing a full crop of mangoes from seed might take anywhere from
five to fifteen years when the trees are started from seedlings.
According to the farming house literature, for the first 10 years, mango tree produce a small yield
of 10 to 15 kg per cycle. As mango tree start to become older, it produce 10 to 20 times more
yield compared to first 10 years. Based on this we have put our sales forecast for the ten
consecutive years.
We will have 250 hectares for mango and 250 hectares for Avocado.
Number of mango trees in one hectare is from 180 to 200
Mango yield from one hectare is 1.8 to 2 tone.
Number of Avocado trees in hectare from 200 to 300.
Avocado yield from one hectare is 3 to 4 tone.
The sailing price for mango per ton is USD 1,320.
The sales price of avocado per ton is USD 2000
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Based on Federal Legislation on the Lease Holding of mechanized farming Land lease
Proclamation in principle there are different choice in lease payment. According to this choice
we select the five years grease period, 28 years payment completion period, and 10% down
payment is used.
This project will be expected to apply on 500 hectare farming lands. Based on this the total
required lease cost will be around 10,000,000 birr, 10% or 1,000,000 birr will be paid before
and the rest of payment 9,000,000 birr will be paid in 50 years annually. The annually payment
is 180,000 birr.
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Table 7 Human power cost for the first four investment years and for the first production year
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Based on our sales forecast indicated above we plant to get 1,584,000 USD in the first year sales
after four years’ investment, if we change to birr using current currency rate, it will be
89,163,360.00 birr. In each year the tree size will increase and leads the sales also will increase
with 25%. The total estimated investment cost will be 192.8 million birrs.
If we consider the annual salary increment be 20% for all employees and the transportation and
logistics cost is 20% of the sales price, the annual profit will be as follows.
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𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 % 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙
= 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑡 𝑥100
𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
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The return on investment is very good, and it implies the loan can be returned in the second
production years.
After the loan returned we will expand our farms, and will increase the machinery and employes.
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