THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LESOTHO

B344-4 Invertebrate Biology Test 2 Marks: 100 Time: 2 hours

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ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS. PLEASE NOTE THAT SPELLING AND GRAMMER WILL COUNT.
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1. Provide a definition, possible adaptive significance and associated taxon for the following: [18]

(a) Chromosome diminution (d) Clitellum

(b) Cuticle (e) Pseudocoelom
(c) Protonephridium (f) Parapodium

2. Diagram and explain the life cycle of Ascaris lumbricoides [10]

3. Imagine that you are a lab demonstrator for First-Year Biology (B108) and are approached by a
student in the lab who shows you two slides, one showing a cross section of Ascaris (phylum
Nematoda) and the other a cross section of Lumbricus (phylum Annelida) at the intestinal region. The
student tells you that because the two slides show both animals as round in shape and having a body
cavity they must belong to the same phylum. Describe the (distinguishing) features from the two slides
that you would use to explain to the student that the cross sections are of animals that belong to
different phyla. [14]

4. Describe the life cycle of a Monogonont rotifer. [10]

5. Compare and contrast between a Nematode excretory/osmoregulatory system and an earthworm

excretory/osmoregulatory system both on the basis of structure and function. [10]

6. Define metamerism and explain what its adaptive significance is in Oligochaeta. [5]

7. Explain the difference(s), with respect to structure and function, between sexual reproduction in
Polychaeta and Oligochaeta. [15]

8. Briefly describe three (3) common characteristics in Onychophora and Annelida. [6]

9. Briefly describe three (3) common characteristics in Onychophora and Arthropoda [6]

10. Briefly describe three (3) characteristics that are unique to Onychophora. [6]