Flow visualization

Flow visualization

Channel flow through a contraction section

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Flow visualization

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Pathlines
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Pathline
a curve that marks the trajectory of a fluid particle

definition of a pathline:

for V=ui+vj+wk

along the pathline:

dx/dt=u
dy/dt=v
dz/dt=w
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Pathlines

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Flow visualization

Flow past a cylinder

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Example
Given the velocity field,
𝑢 = 𝑥 1 + 2𝑡
𝑣=𝑦
where 𝑥, 𝑦 are in [m], 𝑡 is in [s], and 𝑢, 𝑣 are in [m/s], find an equation
for the pathline of a particle that passed through the point 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 1 at
time 𝑡 = 0.
and then: dx/dt=u=x(1+2t)
since v=y , u=x(1+2t)
-> dx/x=(1+2t)dt
->ln(x)=t+t^2+D
-> dy/dt=v=y
initial condition: x(t=0)=1
->dy/y=dt
->D=0
->integrate on both sides:
->x(t)=e^(t+t^2)
ln(y)=t+C
initial condition: y(t=0)=1; plug this into the above eq.
->C=0
x(t), y(t) is called a parametric equation, where in the
->y(t)=e^t
t can be eliminated to get the shape function F(x,y)
which is then the tragectory of the pathline
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Example
Streamlines
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Streamline
a curve that is tangent to the local velocity vector
everywhere at a given time
(snapshot of what is happening right now)

where pathline is like realising a particle and

see where it goes (relevant to time; the history
of the fluid particle's position)
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Streamlines

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Example
Given the velocity field,
𝑢 = 𝑥 1 + 2𝑡
𝑣=𝑦
where 𝑥, 𝑦 are in [m], 𝑡 is in [s], and 𝑢, 𝑣 are in [m/s], find an equation
for the streamline passing through the point 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 1 at time 𝑡 = 0.

you change E value to get different stream line

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Example
Streaklines
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Streaklines
Streakline
a curve connecting all fluid particles that have
passed through the same point
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Streaklines

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Example
Given the velocity field,
𝑢 = 𝑥 1 + 2𝑡
𝑣=𝑦
where 𝑥, 𝑦 are in [m], 𝑡 is in [s], and 𝑢, 𝑣 are in [m/s], find an equation
for the streakline of particles that passed through the point 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 1
starting long ago, as it would appear at time 𝑡 = 0.
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Example
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(independent of time)
In steady flows, streamlines, streaklines, and
pathlines coincide.