ITT350:

Computer Networks
Module 1: Introduction

Instructor: Dr. Iqra Altaf Gillani

Supporting Learning Environment

https://piazza.com/nit_srinagar/spring2024/itt350itl355

Course webpage:
https://sites.google.com/nitsri.net/iqraaltaf/computer-networks-spring-2024
Lab webpage:
https://sites.google.com/nitsri.net/iqraaltaf/computer-networks-lab-spring-2024
Course Policy
● Assignments/Quiz/Tutorials - 24%
● Mid-Term - 26%
● Major - 50 %
 PLAGIARISM strictly not allowed.
Defaulters will be strictly penalized!

Source: https://www.rcrservices.in/latest-update/say-no-to-plagiarism/111
 PLAGIARISM strictly not allowed.
Defaulters will be strictly penalized!

Source:
https://steemit.com/plagiarismmuststop/@princessjoyesto/
no-to-plagiarism
Textbook/ References:
● Behrouz A. Forouzan, Data communications and Networking [BAF]
● JF Kurose, KW Ross, Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach [KR]
● Larry Peterson and Bruce Davie, Computer Networks, A Systems Approach [PD]
● Andrew Tanenbaum, Computer Networks [AT]
● William Stallings, Data & Computer Communications [WS]
● Sandip Chakraborty, Soumya Kanti Ghosh, Computer Networks and Internet Protocol
(NPTEL Course) [NPTEL]
● Aaron Balchunas, CCNA Guides [AB]
● Ajit Pal, Data Communications (NPTEL Course) [AP-NPTEL]
Textbook/ References:
● Behrouz A. Forouzan, Data communications and Networking [BAF]
● JF Kurose, KW Ross, Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach [KR]
● Larry Peterson and Bruce Davie, Computer Networks, A Systems Approach [PD]
● Andrew Tanenbaum, Computer Networks [AT]
● William Stallings, Data & Computer Communications [WS]
● Sandip Chakraborty, Soumya Kanti Ghosh, Computer Networks and Internet Protocol
(NPTEL Course) [NPTEL]
● Aaron Balchunas, CCNA Guides [AB]
● Ajit Pal, Data Communications (NPTEL Course) [AP-NPTEL]
Computer Networks
Computer
A computer is a machine that
can be instructed to carry out
sequences of arithmetic or
logical operations automatically.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer
Network
● A network is an interconnection of various devices (often referred to as nodes)
connected by communication links.
● Devices
○ Hosts (end systems)
○ Connecting devices

Source:
https://www.pearsonitcertification.com/art
icles/article.aspx?p=2474237&seqNum=
2
What is a Computer
Network?
It is an interconnection of various computing devices
connected by communication links.
Why do you study this course?

Source: https://techterms.com/definition/lan

Source: https://www.weforum.org/projects/internet-for-all
Review - OSI Model
Review - TCP/IP Model
Review
What have we covered so far?
Data Communication course:

Application Layer

Transport Layer

Network Layer

Data Link layer

Physical Layer
What have we covered so far?
Data Communication course:

Application Layer

Transport Layer

Network Layer

Data Link layer (Partially Covered)

Physical Layer (Completed)

Physical Layer
● Deals with the mechanical and electrical specifications of Transmission
medium.
● Representation of bits
● Data Rate
● Synchronization of bits
● Line configuration - Point-to-point or multi-point
● Physical Topology
● Transmission mode
Data Link Layer
Two sub-layers:

● Logical Link control (LLC) or data link control (DLC)

● Media access control (MAC)
Data Link Layer
Two sub-layers:

● Logical Link control (LLC) or data link control (DLC)

● Media access control (MAC)

Functions:

● Framing
● Flow control
● Error control
● Physical addressing
● Access control
Data Link Layer
Two sub-layers:

● Logical Link control (LLC) or data link control (DLC)

● Media access control (MAC)

Functions:

● Framing
● Flow control
● Error control
● Physical addressing
● Access control
Error control review
Error control: Error Detection and Correction

Error Detection: Yes/No, whether there is an error or not.

Error Correction: More difficult. Need to know exact position of error.

Error control can be achieved using redundant data. Redundancy achieved using
coding schemes.
Error Detection techniques
Block coding

● Simple parity check

● 2-D parity check
● Cyclic redundancy check
Error Correction
Forward Error Correction - Hamming code

Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) - request retransmission of frames which have

error
Data Link Layer
Two sub-layers:

● Logical Link control (LLC) or data link control (DLC)

● Media access control (MAC)

Functions:

● Framing
● Flow control
● Error control
● Physical addressing
● Access control (Our next topic)
References
● Chapter 1 [BAF]
● Note: Source of all images unless specified is [BAF] book (4th Edition).