mass stored in CV net mass flow out of CV

momentum
conservation

Integral momentum equation

 𝑴ሶ 𝒐𝒖𝒕 − 𝑴ሶ 𝒊𝒏

𝑴𝑪𝑽

momentum volume of a fluid particle

mass of a
of a fluid particle fluid particle

uniform:
Uniform velocity profile 𝑦
𝑦=ℎ
𝑥
𝑦=0
𝑧
𝑦 = −ℎ
𝑧=0

𝑧=𝐿 For a Fixed CV:

normal componet of

momentum flow rate across dA (a differential area):

Non-uniform velocity profile 𝒅𝑨

the mass flow rate is a scalar

the velocity is a vector
𝑽
 𝑽

𝑽
ෝ
𝒏 𝑨 ෝ
𝒏
𝑨

𝑽 𝑽
CV CV
𝑽

ෝ
𝒏 𝑽 𝑨

CV
 for a moving CV:

momentum cons
for moving CV:

Momentum flux correction factor

 5

Momentum flux correction factor

Uniform flow (slip)
𝒓

𝒖(𝒓)

Parabolic velocity profile (no-slip)

𝒓

𝒖(𝒓) 𝒅𝑨
𝒓 𝒅𝜽
𝒖(𝒓) 𝒅𝒓
𝒓 𝒓 𝒅𝑨
𝒙 𝜽

𝒓=𝑹
 6

Momentum flux correction factor

for laminar circular pipe:

turbulent pipe:
(usually neglected)
 7

Momentum flux correction factor

Laminar flow Turbulent flow