Hssreporter - XII Botany Rapid Revision File 2023

Reg.
No……………………… SYCBTA22/2
Name………………………..
SECOND YEAR HIGHER SECONDARY REVISION EXAMINATION

Part – III
BIOLOGY
PART - A BOTANY
[Sexual reproduction in flowering plants]
PART I
A. Each carries 1 score.
1. Which one of the following is a haploid structure?
a) Zygote. c) Nucellus.
b) Egg. d) Embryo.
2. In the grass family the cotyledon is called ________.
3. Which type of pollination is functionally a cross-pollination but genetically a self

pollination?
4. What are parthenocarpic fruits ?
5. The residual, persistent nucellus present in black pepper seed is called ________.
6. What happens to integuments in a fertilised ovule?

PART II
B. Each carries 2 scores.
7. Differentiate between coleoptile and coleorhiza.
8. a) State whether the given statement is true or false

‘Mango is a true fruit whereas Apple is a false fruit.’
b) Justify your answer

.
9. Diagram of Anther lobe is given below.
(a) Label the wall layers A, B, and C.
(b) Name the wall layer which nourishes the developing pollen grains.
10. Which type of endosperm is seen in coconut water and coconut kernel?
11. Raju planted one Orange seed in a pot, but to his surprise he observed three seedlings
sprouting from it.
Can you help him to explain the reason of this phenomenon?
12. Wheat is an albuminous seed and groundnut is an ex-albuminous seed.

Why are they called so?
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13. A. What are pollen banks?
B. What is its importance?
PART III
A. Each carries 3 scores.
14. A. Point out any two features of pollen grains of water pollinated flower.
B. Assign the following plants with respect to the type of pollination in the table given
below.
a. Water hyacinth b. Vallisneria
c. Yucca d. Corn/Maize
Wind pollination Water pollination Insect pollination
15. a. Complete the developmental stages of a Dicot embryo starting from zygote to mature embryo.
Zygote → Proembryo →_____(a)_______ → _____(b)____ → Mature embryo.
b. Label the parts A, B, C & D in the given figure of mature embryo.
16. Give reasons for the following:-

a. In cleistogamous flowers seed-set is assured even in the absence of pollinators.
b. Emasculation is necessary in artificial hybridisation of a bisexual flower.
c. Pollen grains are well preserved as fossils.
17. Observe the figure given below,

a. Identify the structure.
b. Label the parts marked as A, B, C & D.
c. What is the function of the structure marked as D.?

18. Flowering plants have developed many devices to discourage self pollination
and to encourage cross pollination.
Explain any three such outbreeding devices.
19. a) Construct a flow chart showing the development of male gametes within the
anther.
(Hint: Vegetative cell, Microspore tetrad, Microspore mother cell, Generative cell,)
b). Since two types of fusions takes place in an embryo sac the phenomenon is termed double
fertilisation, an event unique to flowering plants.
1) What are the two types of fusions?

2) Write is the ploidy of the products of double fertilisation?
20. a) A diagrammatic view of a typical anatropous ovule is given below.

Label the parts A, B, C, & D.
b) Explain the Monosporic type of embryo sac development in flowering plants.
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PART - A BOTANY
CODE .No. SYCBTA22/2 KEY
Sexual reproduction in flowering plants
Split Total
Q.No SECTION –I score score
1 b) Egg. 1 1
2 Scutellum. 1 1
3 Geitonogamy. 1 1
4 Fruits developed without fertilisation. 1 1
5 Perisperm. 1 1
6 Integuments of ovules harden to form tough protective seed coats /testa and 1 1
tegmen.
SECTION-II
7 Coleorhiza - The sheath that encloses Radicle and Root cap in Monocot 1
embryo. 1 2
Coleoptile- The sheath that encloses Plumule and a few leaf primordia
8 a) True. 1
b) Mango is a True fruit because it is a fruit which develops only from the 2
ovary. In Apple apart from ovary, thalamus also take part in fruit formation. 1
So it is a false fruit.
9 (a) A- Epidermis. B- Endothecium. C- Middle layers. ½x4 2
(b) Tapetum.
10 Coconut water from tender coconut is Free-nuclear endosperm 1
The white coconut kernel is the Cellular endosperm. 1 2
11 Polyembryony. 1
Occurrence of more than one embryo in a seed. 1 2
12 In Wheat , Endosperm is not completely consumed during embryo 1
development. In Groundnut, Endosperm is completely consumed during 1 2
embryo development.
13 A. Are places where pollen grains stored in liquid N2 (-196 0C). 1
B. It can be used for future crop breeding programmes. 1 2
PART III
14. Pollen grains are long, ribbon like so that, they are easily carried through ½
water. Pollen grains are protected from wetting by a mucilaginous covering. ½
a. Water hyacinth - Insect pollination ½
b. Vallisneria - Water pollination ½ 3
c. Yucca - Insect pollination ½
d. Corn/Maize - Wind pollination ½
15. a) Globular Embryo ½
b) Heart shaped Embryo ½
A . Suspensor B. Radicle C. Cotyledons D. Plumule ½ x4 3
16. a. Cleistogamous flowers are flowers which does not open at all. So 1
autogamy alone takes place which does not need pollinators.
b. Emasculation is necessary to prevent self pollination. 1 3
c. Due to the presence of highly resistant organic material Sporopollenin
present on the Exine. 1
17 a) Embryosac. ½
b) A - Antipodals. ½
B - Polar nuclei. ½
C - Synergid. ½ 3

D - Filiform apparatus. ½
c) It guides the pollen tube towards the Synergid / Embryosac. ½
18 1. In some species, pollen release and stigma receptivity are not
synchronised : the pollen is released before the stigma becomes receptive 1
or the stigma becomes receptive much before the release of pollen.
2. In some other species, the anther and stigma are placed at different
positions so that the pollen cannot come in contact with the stigma of the 1 3
same flower.
3. Self-incompatibility - Even if the pollen from the same flower or other 1
flowers of the same plant falls on the stigma of the flower, it inhibits the
pollen germination or pollen tube growth.
4. Unisexual flower
19. a. A- Microspore Mother cell
B- Microspore tetrad ½
C- Vegetative cell ½
D-Generative cell ½
b. 1.Two fusions takes place within the embryosac ½
Syngamy – fusion of one male gamete with the female gamete to form a 3
zygote . ½
Triple fusion-fusion of two Polar nuclei with the other male gamete to ½
form PEN.
2. Zygote – 2n
PEN- 3n
20 a) A- Micropyle B- Nucellus C- Embryosac D- Chalaza ½ x4
b) The MMC undergoes Meiosis and forms four haploid megaspores, out of
these four megaspores, three megaspores disintegrates and only one becomes ½
Functional megaspore. ½
The Functional megaspore later divides mitotically 3 times to form an eight
nucleate structure, the embryo sac. 3
Since the embryosac develops from a single functional megaspore,it is
called as monosporic development.
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Reg.No……………………… SYCBTA22/4
Name………………………..

Part – III
BIOLOGY
PART - A BOTANY
Biotechnology: Principles and processes
PART I
Each carries 1 score.
1. Molecular glue: Ligase.
Molecular scissors: ___________.
2. A specific DNA sequence which is responsible for ‘initiating replication’ in a chromosome is?
3. Select the first restriction endonuclease isolated from the following.

a) Cla I b) Hind II
c) Sal I d) BamH I
4. What is the palindromic DNA sequence of EcoRI?
5. The most commonly used matrix in gel electrophoresis is?
6. Restriction enzymes belong to a larger class of enzyme called ______.
PART II
Each carries 2 scores.
7. Agrobacterium tumifaciens are considered as a natural genetic engineer. Why?
8. Differentiate between exonuclease and endonuclease.
9. A bacterial cell should be a competent host cell to transfer rDNA.

How to make host competency in a bacterial cell.
10. Define down stream processing.
11. Explain any two methods by which a rDNA can be directly introduced into the host cell without a cloning
vector.
12. What are the two core techniques that enabled the birth of modern biotechnology?
13. Who were jointly constructed the first recombinant DNA in 1972?

PART III
14. Match the following:-
A B
a. T-DNA. For getting higher yields of recombinant protein.

b. ampR. Cloning vector for animals
c. EcoRI. Thermus aquaticus.
d. Taq polymerase. Cloning vector of plants.
e. Disarmed retrovirus Selectable marker.
f. Bioreactor. Restriction enzyme.
15. Given diagram shows a device which is used to separate DNA fragments.
a) Name the process.

b) Name the stain used to visualise DNA fragments here.
c) Write the nature of separation of DNA by this process.
16. What are restriction endonuclease?

Explain the naming of a restriction endonuclease enzyme ‘EcoRI.’
17. Observe the diagram given below.
a) Identify the figure.

b) Name any two restriction site.
c) Recombinant bacterial cells are selected with the help of selectable marker. Justify.
18. Isolation of the genetic material (DNA) is an important process in biotechnology.

a) Name any four major enzymes which are used to isolate DNA from cells.
b) How purified DNA ultimately precipitates out during isolation?
19. PCR is used to multiply a specific gene.

a) Expand PCR.
b) Name the steps of PCR.
c) What is annealing.
d) Name the DNA polymerase used in PCR and mention its importance in PCR.
20. List the important processes of recombinant DNA technology.
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SYCBTA22/4 KEY
Qu.No. Answer key/Value points

PART I
1. Restriction endonuclease 1 1
2 Ori/origin of replication 1 1
3 Hind II 1 1
4 GAATTC 1 1
CTTAAG
5 Agarose gel 1 1
6 Nucleases 1 1
PART II
7  T-DNA or tumour inducing DNA is present in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. 1 2
 Bacteria is able to deliver T-DNA to transform normal plant cell in to a
tumor cell. 1
8  Exonucleases remove nucleotides from the end of the DNA. 1 2
 Endonucleses make cuts at specific positions with in the DNA. 1
9  .Treating the bacterial cells with a specific concentration of a divalent cation ½ 2
such as calcium.
 Then incubating cells with a rDNA on ice. ½
 .Then place the bacterial cellat 42oC (heat shock). ½
 .Then put them on ice. ½
10 Separation and purification of recombinant protein for marketing as a 2 2

finished product.
11 Micro injection-DNA directly injected into the nucleus of an animalcell.

Biolistics (gene gun)- Plant cells are bombarded with high velocity mico 2 2
particles of gold or tungsten coated with DNA.
12 Genetic engineering /Technique to alter the chemistry of DNA or RNA. 1
Bio process engineering / Maintenance of sterile (microbial Contamination 1
free) environment in chemical engineering processes to allow growth of
only the desired cell in large quantities for biological products. 2
13 Herbert Boyer , 1 2
Stanley Cohen 1
14 a. T-DNA Cloning vector of plants
b. ampR Selectable marker
c. EcoRI Restriction enzyme
d. Taq polymerase Thermus aquaticus ½ X6 3
e. Disarmed retrovirus Cloning vector for animals
f. Bioreactor For getting higher yields of recombinant
protein
15  Gel electrophoresis 1
 Ethidium bromide. 1
 Smaller fragments move faster and larger fragments move slowly. 1 3

16  Restriction endonucleases are restriction enzymes which make cuts at 1
a specific positions within DNA.
• E- Genus name, Escherichia ½
 co – Species name, coli ½ 3
 R – Strain name ,RY – 13 strain ½
• I - order of isolation of enzyme from bacteria ½
17 Cloning vector pBR 322
• BamHI / Sal I / EcoRI/ClaI / Hind III / Pvu1/ PvuII / PstI -
Any2 points.
-ligatation of a foreign DNA at the BamH I site of tetracycline ½X6
resistance gene will lose tetracycline resistance but can be
selected out from non-recombinant ones by plating the
transformants on tetracycline containing medium.
-The recombinants will grow in ampicillin containing medium but 3
not on that containing tetracycline.
-But, non- recombinants will grow on the medium containing both
the antibiotics.
(Any 2 responses )
18 a ) Cellulase/ Chitinase/Lysozyme/ Ribonuclease
Protease [any 4] ½x4 3
b) After the addition of chilled ethanol. 1
19 a) Polymerase chain reaction.
b) Denaturation, Annealing,Extension. ½x6
c) Attachment of primers on separated DNA strands 3
d) Taq polymerase . A thermostable DNA polymerase –
Importance: which remain active during high temperature induced
denaturation.
20  Isolation of DNA.
 Cutting of DNA at specific locations
 Amplification of gene using PCR 1 3
 Insertion of rDNA into the host cell 1
 Obtaining the foreign gene product 1
 Downstream processing
Any 3 points give 3scores.
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Name………………………..

Part – III
BIOLOGY
PART - A BOTANY
Biotechnology and its applications
PART I
1. Over 95 per cent of all existing transgenic animals are
a) cats b)mice
c) monkeys d)cows
2. Pro-hormone of human insulin contains an extra stretch of polypeptide chain called the___________.
a) A peptide.
b) B peptide.
c) C peptide.
3. Observe the relationship between the first pair and fill up in the second pair.
Control cotton bollworm: Cry 1Ac
Control corn borer: _______________.
4. Name the enzyme which is crucial for the immune system to function?
5. Name the first transgenic cow which was produced in 1997?
6. What is the principle of ELISA?
PART II
7. a) Define Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)?

b) Name a GM rice plant which is enriched with vitamin ‘A’
8. What is biopiracy?
9. Match the following:-
A B
i) Transgenic mice Used to treat emphysema
ii) Bio patent Chain A and chain B

iii) Insulin Safety of the polio vaccine
iv) α-1-antitrypsin Turmeric and Neem
10. PCR is a powerful technique that serves the purpose of early diagnosis of many diseases.

a) Write any two applications of PCR as a powerful technique of molecular diagnosis.
11. Using the probe followed by autoradiography is an important molecular diagnosis method.
(a) Define probe.
(b) How probe is used to detect mutated gene?
12. A nematode Meloidegyne incognitia infects the roots of tobacco plants and causes a great reduction
in yield. A novel strategy was adopted to prevent this infestation.
a) Name the strategy.
b) Explain the principle behind this strategy.
13. Expand:-
a) ELISA
b) PCR
PART III
14. The main challenge for production of insulin using rDNA techniques was getting insulin assembled
into a mature form.
a) Name the company in which human Insulin was produced.
b) How they produced human insulin?
15. Genetically modified plants have been used in many ways.

Write any three-advantages of GM crops.
16. List the three critical research areas of biotechnology?
17.a) Expand GEAC.

b) Write the functions of GEAC.
c) Which variety of Indian rice plant was bio pirated by an American company in
1997?
18. Animals that have had their DNA manipulated to possess and express an extra (foreign) gene are
known as transgenic animals.
a) Write any three reasons why these transgenic animals being produced.
19.Bt cotton is an example for genetically engineered cotton plant.

a) What does Bt stand for?
b) Name the gene responsible for Bt toxin production.
c) How does this toxin kill the insect?
d) Why does this toxin not kill the Bacillus?
20. a) What is gene therapy?

b) Explain the first clinical gene therapy.
c) What are the other two treatments of ADA deficiency?
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CODE .No. SYCBTA22/5 KEY Maximum score: 30
Split Total
Q.No. SECTION –I score score
1 b) mice 1 1
2 c) C Peptide 1 1
3 Cry1Ab 1 1
4 ADA deficiency 1 1
5 Rosie 1 1
6 Antigen antibody interaction 1 1
SECTION-II
7 (a) Plants, bacteria, fungi and animals whose genes have been altered by 1
manipulation are called Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO). 2
(b) Golden rice 1
8 Biopiracy is the term used to refer to the use of bio-resources by
multinational companies and other organisations without proper 2
authorisation from the countries and people concerned without
compensatory payment.
9 A B ½
ii) Transgenic mice safety of the polio vaccine ½ 2
ii) Bio patent Turmeric and Neem ½
½
iii) Insulin chain A and chain B
iv) α-1-antitrypsin used to treat emphysema
10 a) -Very low concentration of a bacteria or virus can be detected by
amplification of their nucleic acid by PCR. 1
-PCR is now routinely used to detect HIV in suspected AIDS patients.
-It is being used to detect mutations in genes in suspected cancer patients
too. 1 2
- It is a powerful technique to identify many genetic disorders.
[any 2]
11 a) Probe is a single stranded DNA or RNA, tagged with a radioactive 1
molecule.
b) Probe is allowed to hybridise to its complementary DNA in a clone
of cells followed by detection using autoradiography. ½ 2
-The clone having the mutated gene will hence not appear on the ½
photographic film, because the probe will not have complementarity with the
mutated gene.
12 a) RNA interference/RNA i 1
b) It involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary 2
dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the mRNA 1
(silencing).
13 a) Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay. 1
b) Polymerase Chain Reaction 1 2
PART III
14. a) Eli Lilly an American company. 1
b) Company prepared two DNA sequences corresponding to A and B, chains
of human insulin and introduced them in plasmids of E. coli to produce 1
insulin chains. Chains A and B were produced separately, extracted and 3
combined by creating disulfide bonds to form human insulin. 1
15. Genetic modification has:
(i) made crops more tolerant to abiotic stresses (cold, drought, salt, heat). (ii)

reduced reliance on chemical pesticides (pest-resistant crops).
(iii) helped to reduce post harvest losses.
(iv) increased efficiency of mineral usage by plants (this prevents early 3 3
exhaustion of fertility of soil).
(v) enhanced nutritional value of food, e.g., golden rice, i.e., Vitamin ‘A’
enriched rice.
(vi) GM has been used to create tailor-made plants to supply alternative
resources to industries, in the form of starches, fuels and
pharmaceuticals.[any 3]
16. (i) Providing the best catalyst in the form of improved organism usually a 1
microbe or pure enzyme.
(ii) Creating optimal conditions through engineering for a catalyst to act, and 1 3
(iii) Downstream processing technologies to purify the protein/organic 1
compound.
17 a) Genetic Engineering Approval Committee. 1
b) GEAC will make decisions regarding the validity of GM research 1
and the safety of introducing GM-organisms for public services. 1
c) Basmati rice. 3
18 a) Transgenic animals can be specifically designed to allow the study of
how genes are regulated/ affect normal physiology / development.
b) To study various diseases as models of human disease. 3 3
c) Used to get various biological products (alpha-1-antitrypsin to treat
emphysema, alpha-lact albumin from Rosie cow etc)
d) Testing chemical safety /vaccine safety. [any 3]
19. a) Bacillus thuringienesis

b) Cry gene
½ X6
c) When an insect ingests the toxin, it becomes active due to the alkaline pH
of the gut which solubilise the Bt toxin crystals, toxin binds to the surface of
epithelial cells creating pores and it causes the death of the insect. 3
d) Bt toxin protein exists as in active protoxins inside the bacterium, it

becomes active only when it reaches the gut of the insect where there is
alkaline pH.
20 a) Gene therapy is a collection of methods that allows correction of a 1
gene defect that has been diagnosed in a child/embryo.
b) As a first step towards gene therapy, lymphocytes from the blood of

the patient are grown in a culture outside the body.-A functional
ADA cDNA (using a retroviral vector) is then introduced into these 3
lymphocytes, which are subsequently returned to the patient.
-However, as these cells are not immortal, the patient requires periodic 1
infusion of such genetically engineered lymphocytes.
c) - bone marrow transplantation;

- enzyme replacement therapy, in which functional ADA is given to the 1
patient by injection.
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Part – III
BIOLOGY
PART - A BOTANY
Organisms and Populations
PART I
1. Population interaction between an Orchid plant and a Mango tree is
a) Mutualism b) Predation
c) Parasitism d) Commensalism
2. Write the type of parasitism in which cuckoo bird lays its eggs in the nest of crow and lets the crow
incubate them.
3. Exponential population growth, is represented by the equation, dN/dt = r N.

Here what does ‘r’ indicate?
4. Observe the relationship between the first two terms and fill in the blank :
a) Growth under unlimited resources - Exponential growth.
b) Growth under limited resources - _______________.
5. What is Amensalism?
PART II
6. Mention two mutualistic relationship exhibited by fungus.
7. Differentiate between ectoparasites and endoparasites.

Give one example for each.
8. Define competitive release.
9. Different types of population interaction have been observed in a population.

Write the types of interaction observed among the following species:
Species A Species B Type of Interaction

i) Sea Anemone Clown fish _____A______
ii) Ticks Dogs _____B______
iii) Grazing cattle Egret _____C______
iv) Cuscuta Hedge plant _____D_____
10. State Gause’s Competitive Exclusion Principle.
11. Plants have evolved astonishing variety of defense mechanisms against herbivores.
Mention any two means of defense in plants?
12. List out any four population attributes.
13. Predators may harm the prey population but it is very important for maintaining
species diversity in a community. How?

14. Population density can be measured in different ways.
How will you determine the population densities of,
a) Fishes in the lake.
b) Tigers in our national parks.
15. Parasites have evolved special adaptations to live on host. Write any two such adaptations.
16. Explain how flower and its pollinators linked with one another in the cases A and B given below.
A) Fig tree and wasp. B) Ophrys orchid and bees.
PART III
17. Given below diagram represents an Age pyramid.
a) What is an Age pyramid?
b) What does the pyramid A and B reflect about the growth status of the population?
A B
18. The given below graph a and b shows the two types of population growth models.
a) Identify the growth models a and b.
b) Describe growth models a and b with equation.
c) What does ‘K’ denotes in this graph.
19. The given flow chart shows four basic processes which causes fluctuations in population density
(a) Name the processes represented as B, I, E and D.

(b) If ‘Nt’ is the population density at time t, then write down the population
density equation at time t+1.
20. Population Interactions could be beneficial (+), detrimental (-) or neutral (0).
a) Write the name of the interactions A, B, C,D,E and F
Name of interaction Species A Species B
A + +
B - -
C + -
D + -
E + 0
F - 0
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PART - BOTANY
CODE .No. SYCBTA22/6 KEY
Split Total
1 d) Commensalism 1 1
2 Brood parasitism 1 1
3 r = Intrinsic rate of natural increase./ r =( b-d) 1 1
4 Logistic growth 1 1
5 Amensalism is a type of population interaction in which one species is 1 1
harmed whereas the other is unaffected / (- 0)
SECTION - II
6 i. Lichen / Fungus and Algae 1 2
ii. Mycorrhizae / Fungus and the roots of higher plants. 1
7 Ectoparasites : Parasites that live on the external surface of the host ½+½
organism . Eg :lice on humans / ticks on dogs 2
Endoparasites : Parasites that live inside the body of the host organism . ½+½
Eg. Tape worm/ Liver fluke (Any relevant example )
8 A species whose distribution is restricted to a small geographical area 2 2
because of the presence of a competitively superior species, is found to
expand its distributional range dramatically when the competing species is
experimentally removed.
9 A- Commensalism ½ x4 2
B- Parasitism
C- Commensalism
D- D- Parasitism
10 Gause’s Competitive Exclusion Principle states that two closely related 2 2
species competing for the same resources cannot co-exist indefinitely and
the competitively inferior one will be eliminated eventually.
11 1. Morphological /Thorns /spines 1
2. Chemical/ nicotine, caffeine, quinine, strychnine, opium, cardiac 2
glycosides etc. (Any two points ) 1
12  Birth rate ½
 Death rate ½
 Sex ratio ½ 2
 Population density ½
 Age distribution (any 4 points)
13 -Predator acts as a passage for transfer of energy across trophic levels. 1
-They keep prey populations under control. 2
-Maintaining species diversity, by reducing the intensity of competition 1
among competing prey species.( Any two points)
14. a) By relative densities / number of fish caught per trap. 1 2
b) Based on pug marks and fecal pellets. 1
15. loss of unnecessary sense organs 1
presence of suckers to cling on to the host 2
loss of digestive system 1
high reproductive capacity( Any two points )
16. A) Fig species can be pollinated only by wasp species. The female wasp 1
uses the fruit as an oviposition (egg-laying) site and uses the developing
seeds for nourishing its larvae. The wasp pollinates the fig and fig offers
some of its developing seeds, as food for the developing wasp larvae.
B) One petal of ophrys resemblance to the female bee in size, colour 2

and markings. Male bee is attracted and ‘pseudocopulates’ with the
flower, and is dusted with pollen from the flower. When this bee 1
‘pseudocopulates’ with another flower, it transfers pollen to it and thus,
pollinates the flower.
PART - III
17 a) A population at any given time is composed of individuals of different 1

ages. If the age distribution is plotted for the population, the resulting
structure is called an Age pyramid 3
b) A- Expanding population 1
B- Declining population 1
18 a) a= Exponential growth ½
b= Logistic growth. ½
½ 3
b) a = dN/dt = rN, ½
b=dN/dt = rN [K-N/ K]
1
c) K represents the carrying capacity of a habitat beyond which no further
growth is possible.
19. a) B- Natality, ½x4
I- Immigration,
E- Emigration, 1 3
D -Mortality
b) Nt+1 = Nt + [(B + I) – (D + E)]
20 A- Mutualism
B- Competition
C- Predation/ Parasitism
D- Predation/ Parasitism ½x6 3
E- Commensalism
F- Amensalism
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Part – III
BIOLOGY
PART – A: BOTANY
Ecosystem
PART I
1. In a pyramid of numbers of a grassland ecosystem, the largest population is that of___________
a) Secondary consumer b) Producer
c) Herbivores d) Tertiary consumer
2. Observe the relationship between the first pair and fill in the blank.
a) DFC: Detritus Food Chain b) GFC: _______________
3. The raw material for decomposition is?
4. What is law of ten per cent (10%) ?
5. The vertical distribution of different species occupying different levels in an ecosystem is

called___________
6. Observe the relationship between the first pair and fill in the blank.
a) Plants: First trophic level b) Carnivore: _______
PART II
7. Pyramid of energy is always upright. Why?
8. (a) What is humus?

(b) How does it differ from detritus?
9. Rate of biomass production in an ecosystem is called productivity.

Productivity is divided into two - GPP and NPP.
a) Expand GPP and NPP.
b) Write the equation relating GPP with NPP.
10. a) Define standing crop.

b) How it is measured?
11. (a) Expand PAR

(b) How much per cent of the PAR is capture by plants?
12. a) What are saprotrophs?

b) Comment any one ecological role of saprotrophs.
13. List out any four abiotic components of a pond ecosystem.

PART III
14. (a) Dry weight of organisms in a Sea is given below.Construct an ecological pyramid of biomass.
[Phytoplankton (PP) – 4 Kg/m2, Zooplankton (PC) – 21 Kg/m2 ]
(b) Write an example for inverted pyramid of number.
15. Ecological pyramids have some limitations.

State any three limitations of ecological pyramids.
16. (a) A list of different organisms in an ecosystem are given below.

Arrange them in 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th trophic levels.
i) Zooplankton
ii) Man
iii) Fish
iv) Phytoplankton
(b) Construct a food chain of these organisms.
17. The rate of decomposition is controlled by chemical composition of detritus and climatic factors.
Write any three effects of these factors on the rate of decomposition?
18. List out any three functions of a pond ecosystem.
19. (a) Define decomposition.

(b) Explain the important steps in the process of decomposition.
20. Define
(a) Food web
(b) Trophic levels
(c) Secondary productivity.
<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>
@ Academic cell/CBTA

PART – A BOTANY
CODE .No. SYCBTA22/7 KEY Maximum score: 30
Split Total
1 b.Producer 1 1
2 Grazing food chain 1 1
3 detritus 1 1
4 According to this only 10 per cent of the energy is transferred to each trophic 1 1
level from the lower trophic level.
5 Stratification 1 1
6 Third trophic level 1 1
SECTION-II
7 When energy flows from one trophic level to the next trophic level
some energy is always lost as heat at each step. 2 2
8 Humus is a dark coloured amorphous substance formed from detritus by the 1
catabolic activity of decomposers. 2
Detritus : is the dead remains of plants such as leaves, bark, flowers and dead 1
remains of animals, including faecal matter
9 a) Gross primary productivity ½
Net primary productivity ½ 2
b) NPP= GPP- R 1
10 Each trophic level has a certain mass of living material at a particular time called 1
as the standing crop. 2
It is measured as the mass of living organisms (biomass) or the number in a unit 1
area.
11 a) photosynthetically active radiation 1
b) 2-10% 2
1
12 a) Decomposers, mainly fungi and bacteria are known as saprotrophs (sapro: 1
to decompose). 2
b) Decomposers secrete digestive enzymes that breakdown dead and waste
materials into simple, inorganic materials, which are subsequently 1
absorbed by them.
13 Water / dissolved inorganic and organic substances / soil deposit at the bottom of
the pond./The solar input /the cycle of temperature /day-length / other climatic ½
conditions [Any 4] ½ 2
½
½
PART III
14. a.
3 3
b. Pyramid of number of insects feeding on a big tree.

15. -It does not take into account the same species belonging to two or more trophic 1
levels.
-It assumes a simple food chain, 1 3
-It does not accommodate a food web.
-Saprophytes are not given any place in ecological pyramids [Any 3] 1

16. a) i) Zooplankton -2nd ½
ii) Man-4th ½
iii) Fish-3rd ½ 3
iii) Phytoplankton-1st ½
b. Phytoplankton—Zooplankton---Fish---Man 1
17 -Decomposition rate is slower if detritus is rich in lignin and chitin. 1

-Rate is quicker if detritus is rich in nitrogen and sugars. 1 3
-Warm and moist environment favour decomposition. 1
-Low temperature and anaerobiosis inhibit decomposition. [Any 3]
18 -Conversion of inorganic into organic material with the help of the radiant energy 1
of the sun by the autotrophs 3
-Consumption of the autotrophs by heterotrophs
-Decomposition and mineralisation of the dead matter to release them back for 1
reuse by the autotrophs, these event are repeated over and over again.
-There is unidirectional movement of energy towards the higher trophic levels/ 1
and its dissipation /and loss as heat to the environment.
19. a) Break down of complex organic matter into inorganic substances like carbon
dioxide, water and nutrients.
b) Fragmentation →Break down of detritus into smaller particles by detritivores
like earthworm
Leaching → Water soluble inorganic nutrients go down into the soil horizon ½ X6 3
Catabolism →Bacterial and fungal enzymes degrade detritus into simpler
inorganic substances
Humification → Accumulation of a dark coloured amorphous substance, Humus.
Mineralisation→ Degradation of humus by microbes to release of nutrients.
20 a) The natural interconnected food chains called a food web 1

b) Based on the source of their nutrition or food, organisms occupy a
specific place in the food chain that is known as their trophic level. 1 3
c) Secondary productivity is defined as the rate of formation of new
organic matter by consumers. 1
Academic cell/CBTA
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SECOND YEAR HIGHER SECONDARY REVISION EXAMINATION

2. In the grass family the cotyledon is called ________.

3. Which type of pollination is functionally a cross-pollination but genetically a self

4. What are parthenocarpic fruits ?

6. What happens to integuments in a fertilised ovule?

8. a) State whether the given statement is true or false

b) Justify your answer

12. Wheat is an albuminous seed and groundnut is an ex-albuminous seed.

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Wind pollination Water pollination Insect pollination

Zygote → Proembryo →_____(a)_______ → _____(b)____ → Mature embryo.

b. Label the parts A, B, C & D in the given figure of mature embryo.

16. Give reasons for the following:-

17. Observe the figure given below,

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1) What are the two types of fusions?

20. a) A diagrammatic view of a typical anatropous ovule is given below.

b) Explain the Monosporic type of embryo sac development in flowering plants.

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SECOND YEAR HIGHER SECONDARY REVISION EXAMINATION

3. Select the first restriction endonuclease isolated from the following.

4. What is the palindromic DNA sequence of EcoRI?

5. The most commonly used matrix in gel electrophoresis is?

6. Restriction enzymes belong to a larger class of enzyme called ______.

8. Differentiate between exonuclease and endonuclease.

9. A bacterial cell should be a competent host cell to transfer rDNA.

10. Define down stream processing.

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a. T-DNA. For getting higher yields of recombinant protein.

a) Name the process.

16. What are restriction endonuclease?

17. Observe the diagram given below.

a) Identify the figure.

18. Isolation of the genetic material (DNA) is an important process in biotechnology.

19. PCR is used to multiply a specific gene.

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Qu.No. Answer key/Value points

10 Separation and purification of recombinant protein for marketing as a 2 2

11 Micro injection-DNA directly injected into the nucleus of an animalcell.

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SECOND YEAR HIGHER SECONDARY REVISION EXAMINATION

5. Name the first transgenic cow which was produced in 1997?

6. What is the principle of ELISA?

7. a) Define Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)?

9. Match the following:-

ii) Bio patent Chain A and chain B

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15. Genetically modified plants have been used in many ways.

16. List the three critical research areas of biotechnology?

17.a) Expand GEAC.

19.Bt cotton is an example for genetically engineered cotton plant.

20. a) What is gene therapy?

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19. a) Bacillus thuringienesis

d) Bt toxin protein exists as in active protoxins inside the bacterium, it

b) As a first step towards gene therapy, lymphocytes from the blood of

c) - bone marrow transplantation;

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Zygote → Proembryo →_(a)_ → _(b)__ → Mature embryo.

ii) Ticks Dogs _B__

iii) Grazing cattle Egret _C__

iv) Cuscuta Hedge plant _D_