HYDROSTATIC CURVES

NAME215-216 Ship Geometry and Hydrostatics

Content

 Project details / Which curves?

 Why these curves are important?
 From points to Hydrostatic Curves (The simpson’s Rule)
 Rules & Some tips for drawing
 A sample
The Term Project I
 In this project, each student will calculate hydrostatic characteristics of the unique ship
assigned to him/her and draw the pertinent hydrostatic curves accordingly.
 First, calculate the hydrostatic characteristics of your ship by using the offset table given to
you. Then, draw the related hydrostatic curves by using an appropriate scale for each
curve. Each curve or group of curves may have different scales and a different reference
system. Standard Simpson’s 1st rule and tables should be utilized for the calculations.
 The following characteristics must be calculated: Volume, displacement, form coefficients
(CB, CP, CM, CWL), Center of buoyancy (LCB, VCB), TPC, MTC, BM, BML, LCF.
 Bon-Jean sectional area curves and sectional area moments must be calculated and drawn
separately as well.
 The scales on the drawings shall be indicated clearly. Captions on the curves must also be
placed as appropriate.
 Project Details / Which curves?

Sectional area Vertical centre of buoyancy (KB)

Sectional moment
Volume and displacement
Block coefficient (CB)
Midship section area coef. (CM)
Prismatic coef. (CP)
Waterplane area coef. (CWP)
Longitudinal centre of buoyancy (LCB)
Longitudinal centre of flotation (LCF)
Transverse metacentric radius (BM)
Longitudinal metacentric radius (BML)
Tons per centimeter immersion (T1)
Moment to trim one centimeter (MT1)
Importance

 Why these curves are important?

 Where/When we use them?

 Sample stability booklet

Offset Table
Posta No WL 0 WL 1 WL 2 WL 3 WL 4 WL 5 WL 6

0 0.075 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5

(AP) 0 * * * * * 640 2106 3276

½ 78 392 584 663 905 2402 4134 5351

1 360 1027 1483 1841 2504 4181 5530 6505

2 1711 2790 3711 4618 5678 6685 7277 7605

3 3445 4735 6000 6895 7355 7605 7722 7792

4 4885 6228 7360 7753 7800 7800 7800 7800

5 5538 6755 7683 7800 7800 7800 7800 7800

6 4602 6066 7184 7574 7621 7636 7652 7660

7 2597 4256 5632 6256 6427 6560 6724 6934

8 742 2121 3350 3916 4173 4384 4735 5327

9 133 858 1368 1591 1661 1778 2106 2808

9½ 72 432 630 679 702 796 1037 1544

(FP)10 * * * * * * 156 328

Points Curves
Points Curves / Planes
 We can define the hull form with the given offset
 The Simpson’s Rule
 Simpson’s rule is a numerical method that approximates the value of a definite integral
by using quadratic polynomials.
 Let’s first derive a formula for the area under a parabola of equation y = ax2 + bx + c
passing through the three points:
How we use given offset points?

 Since the points on the parabola satisfy y = ax2 + bx + c.

Therefore,
Simpson’s numerical integration formula
 Observe that,

 Therefore, the area under the parabola is

 By simplifying, we obtain Simpson’s rule formula

 Do not forget this area is under the curve but for a ship section, it
should be multiplied by 2 because we use half width of the section.
 From points to Area

 Simpson's Rule - The Derivation

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7MoRzPObRf0
Half Ordinate

 For the Simpson’s Rule

you have to use odd
number of ordinates.

 Therefore, half ordinate

will be needed
depending on the used
ordinates whether it is
odd or even number.
Given Data
 To use Simpson’s rule we should have
even number subintervals of equal length.
 3rd Section
How we find the sub-interval between BL and WL1?

We should create new offset table which includes WL ½

instead of WL 0.075 and then we can start our calculations.
Bon Jean Sectional Area

WL Half Width Simp. Mult. Mom. Arm Mult

0 4.62 1/4 1.155 0 0.000

1/2 6.415 1 6.415 1/2 3.208

1 7.524 1/4 1.881 1 1.881

Total 9.451 21.42227 Total 5.089

WL Half Width Simp. Mult. Mom. Arm Mult

0 4.62 1/2 2.310 0 0.000

1 7.524 2 15.048 1 15.048

2 8.134 1/2 4.067 2 8.134

Total 21.425 48.56333 Total 23.182

Area?
Area & distance?

2
 Scaled depth profile
 Depth scale can be x4 greater, please check the A3 size
whether the drawing is logical or not.

Before drawing the curves think

about your new reference
system? Where will you draw
them?
Sectional Moment
WL Half Width Simp. Mult. Mom. Arm Mult

0 4.62 1/4 1.155 0 0.000

1/2 6.415 1 6.415 1/2 3.208

1 7.524 3/4 5.643 1 5.643

2 8.134 2 16.268 2 32.536

3 8.33 1/2 4.165 3 12.495

Total 33.646 76.26427 Total 53.882

WL Half Width Simp. Mult. Mom. Arm Mult

0 4.62 1/2 2.310 0 0.000

1 7.524 2 15.048 1 15.048

2 8.134 1 8.134 2 16.268

3 8.33 2 16.660 3 49.980

4 8.423 1/2 4.212 4 16.846

Total 46.364 105.0906 Total 98.142

Where we draw Bon-Jean Curves
 By using the midship section for scaling:
Volume and displacement?
 Integrating (using Simpson’s Rule)?

Section areas to get Volume

From sections
From waterlines
Table for volume calculation
 Using section areas for
each waterline, we can
calculate the displacement
under that WL.
Volume & Displacement
Where we draw / and meaning of this curve?

Scaling?
Form coefficients at aft

 Please be careful about

scaling the values you
have found.
Calculation & Drawing
 You can calculate all the curves according to two
(groups) excel tables:

1. Sections
 Sectional area / Sectional moment
2. Waterlines
 KB, BM, LCF, LCB, MT1, BML..
Second group of calculations
Calculations for Waterlines
 KB (Vertical Center of Buoyancy) & LCB (Longitudinal
Center of Bouyancy)
LCF
 The Longitudinal Center of Floatation:
The static moment of waterplanes divided by waterplane
areas,
BM (Transverse)
 BM is the second moment of waterlines as:

 Do not draw BM values add these values to KB and draw

KM instead of BM curve.
BML & MT1
 BML is the second moment of waterlines according to
floating center (therefore you need to use parallel axis
theorem.)
Tables for KB and LCB
Tables for second group
KB, KM, Awl, MT1, LCB, LCF,
Do not forget to draw ton & metric scales
And a scale for your measurements
Do not forget & Some Tips

 Please use logical scaling to use A3 paper effectively.

 Keep in mind that you have to clearly define your scale in
every curve group
 You have to use different colour or make a chart on the
drawing to identify curves.
 Use SPL command for the autoCAD