Digital Assignment 1

1. A signal 𝑠(𝑡) = 5𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝜋 × 900𝑡) is to be transmitted using Pulse Amplitude

Modulation (PAM). If the sampling frequency is 10 kHz and the quantization levels
are ±4 volts, determine the PAM signal.
2. A triangular waveform with amplitude ±6 volts and a frequency of 1 kHz is to be
modulated using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). Determine the PWM signal if the
carrier frequency is 12 kHz and the modulation index is 0.7.
3. In a communication system, there are three signals to be transmitted:
𝑠1(𝑡), 𝑠2 (𝑡), 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠3(𝑡). The bandwidths of these signals are 4 kHz, 6 kHz, and 8 kHz
respectively. The system utilizes FDM with a guard band of 2 kHz between each
channel. If the carrier frequency for each channel starts at 100 kHz, determine the
bandwidth required for FDM transmission.
4. In a TDM system, there are four signals to be
multiplexed: 𝑠1 (𝑡),𝑠2 (𝑡),𝑠3(𝑡), 𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑠4 (𝑡). Each signal has a bandwidth of 4 kHz. If
the sampling rate is 20 kHz, determine the time slot duration for each signal.
5. In a superheterodyne receiver, the incoming radio frequency (RF) signal is modulated
by a carrier frequency of 100 MHz. The intermediate frequency (IF) chosen is 10.7
MHz. Calculate the local oscillator frequency required for mixing in the mixer stage
of the receiver.
6. In an FM broadcasting system, the pre-emphasis time constant (𝜏) is 75
microseconds. Calculate the pre-emphasis transfer function and the gain at a
frequency of 10 kHz.
7. In an FM receiver, the de-emphasis time constant (τ) is 50 microseconds. Determine
the de-emphasis transfer function and the gain at a frequency of 15 kHz.
8. Given a continuous signal x(t)=cos(100πt), determine the maximum sampling
frequency (fs) to avoid aliasing.
9. A continuous signal x(t) has a bandwidth of 4 kHz. Determine the minimum sampling
rate (fs) required to accurately reconstruct the signal from its samples.
10. A continuous signal x(t) has a bandwidth of 10 kHz. Determine the minimum
sampling rate (fs) required for accurate reconstruction, and then calculate the
oversampling ratio if the signal is sampled at 30 kHz.