BUKIDNON STATE UNIVERSITY

NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM

Malaybalay City, Bukidnon
Tel (088) 813-5661 to 5663; Telefax (088) 813-2717, www.buksu.edu.ph
__________________________________________________________________________________
Unit 6 - National Security Concerns

For the exclusive use of the NSTP classes of John Ferick Casinabe. Unauthorized use and
reproduction may be subject to civil and criminal action under applicable laws.

Elements of a State:

1. Population: A state is made up of a group of people who live within a defined

territory. The population is an essential element, as it forms the basis for the state's
political and social structure.
2. Territory: The state has a defined geographical area or territory over which it
exercises sovereignty and control. This territory can vary in size, but it is a crucial
element in determining the boundaries of the state.
3. Government: A state has a system of governance, which includes the institutions,
laws, and officials responsible for making and enforcing decisions within the state.
Government structures can range from democracies to authoritarian regimes,
depending on the state's political system.
4. Sovereignty: Sovereignty refers to the state's ultimate authority and independence
within its territory. A sovereign state has the right to govern itself without external
interference and to make its own laws and policies.

Collateral Attributes of a State

1. Legal System: States have legal systems in place to establish and enforce rules,
rights, and responsibilities for their citizens. This includes a system of courts, laws,
and law enforcement agencies.
2. Economy: States often have economic systems and infrastructure in place to support
the well-being of their population. This includes everything from agriculture and
industry to trade and financial institutions.
3. Defense and Security: States maintain armed forces and security apparatuses to
protect their territory and maintain order. This element is essential for a state's
survival and sovereignty.
4. Recognition: Recognition from other states and international organizations is
important for a state's legitimacy on the global stage. Being recognized as a
sovereign state is a key element of statehood.
5. Citizenship: States define who is considered a citizen, with rights and responsibilities,
within their borders. Citizenship is a fundamental element in determining the
relationship between individuals and the state.
6. Foreign Relations: States engage in diplomacy and maintain relationships with other
states, participating in international organizations and treaties, which influence their
foreign policy and international standing.
7. Cultural Identity: Often, states have a shared cultural identity, history, and language
among their citizens, which can contribute to a sense of national identity and unity.
 BUKIDNON STATE UNIVERSITY
NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM
Malaybalay City, Bukidnon
Tel (088) 813-5661 to 5663; Telefax (088) 813-2717, www.buksu.edu.ph
__________________________________________________________________________________
Elements of National Security

National security refers to the protection of a nation's sovereignty, citizens, and interests
from various threats and challenges. The elements of national security encompass a wide
range of factors, both internal and external. These elements are interrelated and often
require a comprehensive approach to safeguard a nation's well-being. The elements of
national security include:

1. Military Security: This element focuses on the defense of a nation against external
and internal military threats. It encompasses the size, capability, and readiness of a
country's armed forces, as well as its ability to deter aggression and respond to
armed conflicts.
2. Political Security: Political security pertains to the stability of a nation's political
system and the protection of its institutions. This includes safeguarding against
internal subversion, coups, or other threats to the government's legitimacy and
authority.
3. Economic Security: Economic security is concerned with the stability and prosperity
of a nation's economy. It involves measures to protect against economic instability,
such as financial crises, trade imbalances, and economic espionage. Ensuring access
to critical resources is also a part of economic security.
4. Cybersecurity: In the digital age, cybersecurity is essential to protect a nation's
information infrastructure, including critical government, military, and commercial
systems, from cyberattacks, hacking, and data breaches.
5. Energy Security: Energy security is the assurance of a stable, affordable, and reliable
energy supply. It involves reducing dependency on foreign energy sources and
developing diverse and sustainable energy options.
6. Environmental Security: Environmental security relates to the preservation of a
nation's natural resources and the mitigation of environmental threats, including
climate change, pollution, and natural disasters.
7. Health Security: The health security element involves measures to safeguard the
public's health, including preparedness for pandemics, bioterrorism, and the
availability of healthcare services.
8. Food Security: Food security ensures a stable and adequate food supply for a
nation's population. This includes safeguarding against food shortages and ensuring
access to safe and nutritious food.
9. Water Security: Water security is about protecting access to clean and reliable water
sources, managing water resources sustainably, and addressing water-related
challenges, such as droughts and water pollution.
10. Border Security and Immigration Control: This element focuses on managing a
nation's borders to prevent illegal immigration, human trafficking, and the smuggling
of goods, drugs, or weapons.
11. Terrorism and Counterterrorism: Countering terrorism is essential for national
security. This includes preventing terrorist attacks, dismantling terrorist
organizations, and responding to acts of terrorism.
 BUKIDNON STATE UNIVERSITY
NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM
Malaybalay City, Bukidnon
Tel (088) 813-5661 to 5663; Telefax (088) 813-2717, www.buksu.edu.ph
__________________________________________________________________________________
12. Diplomacy and Foreign Relations: Engaging in effective diplomacy and maintaining
relationships with other nations is crucial for avoiding conflicts, promoting
cooperation, and addressing international challenges.
13. Critical Infrastructure Protection: Protecting critical infrastructure, such as
transportation networks, energy grids, and communication systems, is essential to
ensure the continued functioning of a nation.
14. Intelligence and Information Sharing: Effective intelligence gathering, analysis, and
sharing of information are vital for identifying and addressing security threats.
15. Societal Resilience: Building resilience within the population to withstand and
recover from disasters and security threats is a fundamental component of national
security.

National security policies and strategies are developed and implemented to address these
elements, with the goal of safeguarding a nation's well-being and interests. The specific
elements and their priorities can vary from one country to another, depending on the
nation's unique circumstances and challenges.