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SHS
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
Quarter 2 - Module10
What’s in the List?
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Practical Research 1
Quarter 2 – Module 10 – What’s in the List?

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every
effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Noelyn G. Sandagon

Editor: Lany M. Abainza

Illustrator: Jason C. Borabo

Layout Artist: Atty. Catherine B. Panti

Reviewers: Lany M. Abainza

MASBATE CITY DIVISION (headed by Jeanette M. Romblon)

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MODULE 10
What’s in the List?

Hello! You have probably used several information from different sources
as you go through your own research. Please remember that it is very
important that you give certain people credits for their works.In this
module,you are going to know and understand the importance of citations
and references,write in-text citations for information taken from other
sources . Thus,you avoid committing plagiarism.

Specifically, after working on this module, you should be able to list references.

YOUR VOCABULARY BUILDER

Here are some words that you must know to understand the lesson better:

 Plagiarism - an act or instance of using or closely imitating the language and thoughts
of another author without authorization and the representation of that
author's work as one's own, as by not crediting the original author .
— www.dictionary.com
 References - a source of information (such as a book or passage) to which a reader
or consulter is referred. — www.meriam-webster.com

 Citation/ In-text citation - the brief form of the reference included in the body of work
It gives enough information to uniquely identify the
source in your reference list. — ecu.au.libguides.com

 APA style - a writing style and format for academic documents such as scholarly
Journal, articles and books. It is commonly used for citing sources within
the field of behavioral and social sciences. It is described in the style guide
of the American Psychological Association (APA) — en.wikipedia.org

 MLA style - the style recommended by the Modern Language Association (MLA) for
preparing scholarly manuscripts and student research papers. It concerns
itself with the mechanics of writing, such as punctuation, quotation, and,
especially, documentation of sources. — www.dictionary.com

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YOUR READINESS CHECK

Before we start, let’s find out how much you know about this lesson.
Write YES or NO on a separate sheet of paper for the following statements.

1. The list of references is usually placed at the last part of a research paper.
2. Paraphrased or summarized information from other sources are no longer given
citation and reference.
3. The APA format for in-text citation is (date, Author).
4. The basic information included in a reference are author’s name, year and place of
publication, title, and pages.
5. Sources listed in the Reference list are arranged alphabetically.

YOUR INITIAL TASK

Activity 1: You must have already gathered information or used statements from different
sources such as books, journals, researches, or websites in making your own research
paper. Look back of your sources and list the following information (if applicable) for each
one. (Do at least 3)

Source #1
Title: ____________________
Author: ____________________
Date of publication: ____________
Website/ URL: ______________

YOUR GUIDE

In writing your own research paper, you are supposed to look for related facts and
information from different sources to back up your research. Otherwise it is just going to be
an opinion or a reaction paper that lacks credibility.

However, once you are done collecting information from other sources, take a pause, and
always remember to give credits to the author or the original source of information. Failure to
do so, is what is commonly known as “plagiarism.”

PLAGIARISM is the act of using another person’s words or ideas

without giving credit to that person. - Meriam-Webster Dictionary

To save yourself from trouble, let us learn how to properly give credits to the respective
owner of an information. You will need to learn two things to do this:
1. How to write an in-text citation
2. How to write a reference

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REFERENCE vs. CITATION
A reference is a detailed description of where you took a certain information. It often
includes the following— name of the author/s, year of publication, title of the source,
publisher, page range, & the URL (only when applicable). It is usually placed at the end of
the research paper with “REFERENCES” as the heading.

Examples: Concordia University. (1905). APA Citation and Style Guide. Retrieved from
https://libguides.cu-portland.edu/APA_style/references Source:
(website)
Source: Dobson, J. (1988). Dare to Discipline. Illinois, IL: Tyndale House Publishers.
(book)

A citation (or in-text citation) is like the shorter version of a reference which often
includes 3 information — last name/s of the author/s, the year of publication, and the
page number (only when applicable). It is commonly placed inside a parenthesis, right after
the paraphrased or quoted information, or as part of the sentence.

Examples: “Discipline in the child’s early experiences begins with the fundamental relationship
between his parents and himself, particularly his mother.” (Dobson, 1988)

or… According to Dobson (1988), discipline in the child’s early experiences begins with the
fundamental relationship between his parents and himself, particularly his mother.

Why do I need to put citations and references in my research?

Citing or documenting the sources used in your research serves three purposes:
1. It gives proper credit to the authors of the words or ideas that you incorporated into
your paper.
2. It allows those who are reading your work to locate your sources to learn more about
the ideas that you include in your paper.
3. Citing your sources consistently and accurately helps you avoid committing
plagiarism in your writing.
SOURCE: guides.library.unk.edu

How should I write in-text citations and references?

There is no need to stress yourself thinking about which information should be included, how
to arrange them, or what punctuations should be used. There are already formats that you
can follow in writing citations and references. You don’t really have to memorize all of them.
You just have to write the needed information and choose or ask your teacher which
referencing style to follow. Some of the most common formats used in educational papers
are MLA and APA style. Turn to the next page for some templates and samples.

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(To reference 1. APA
a BOOK)

Image Source: www.wikihow .com

2. MLA

Image Source: www.wikihow .com

As for the in-text citation, you can simply follow this format no matter what
referencing style you choose.
(author’s last name, year of publication) (Reyes, 2009)

(To reference
a WEBSITE)

1. APA

Image Source: www.wikihow .com

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 For in-text citation:

Image Source: www.wikihow .com

2. MLA

Image Source: www.wikihow .com

 For in-text citation:

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Image Source: www.wikihow .com

Image Source: www.wikihow .com

Other sources: (APA style)

 YouTube Video
Author, A. A. [Screen name]. (year, month day). Title of video [Video file].
Retrieved from http://xxxxxxxxx

Screen name. (year, month day). Title of video [Video file]. Retrieved from http://xxxxxxxxx

 E-Book
Author, A. (date). Title of book. Retrieved from http://xxxxxxxxx

Author, A. (date). Title of chapter. In E. Editor (Ed.), Title of book (pp. xx–xx).
Retrieved from http://xxxxxxx

Formatting the Reference Page

An APA reference page must also adhere to various format requirements, including
indentation, spacing and margins. It is also vital that your reference list is alphabetized.
This is how it should look:

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- Ssource: www.scribbr.com

- Source: www.scribbr.com

I hope you now have the basic knowledge in citation and references
to help you accomplish your own research paper. But, before you
head on to your tasks, let me teach you one more thing —
Did you know that you can automatically create a citation or
reference using the Microsoft Word? You will probably use this app
to encode your research so this information I’m about to share to
you will help you work on your references much more efficiently.

Step 1. Place your cursor at the text you want to cite.

Step 2. Go to References > Style, and choose a citation style.

Step 3. Select Insert Citation, choose Add New Source.

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Step 4. Choose the type of source you are going to cite (e.g. book, website, film, journal,
etc.), then fill out the needed information.

Once you have added a source, you can cite it again by going to
References > Insert Citation and choosing the source you are citing.
All the sources you have added in your citation will also automatically
be created in your list of references by going to References >
Bibliography and choosing References.

YOUR DISCOVERY TASK

Activity: Create a List of References using the information provided below. You
may use either APA or MLA style. Please remember to follow the formatting
guidelines in making a reference list. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.

Source #1 (book)
Title: Positive Thinking: Get Health, Happiness, and Optimism
Author: Horn, Nils
Year: 2015
City/Location: Munich, Germany
Publisher: BookRix GmbH & Co. KG

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Source #2 (journal article)

Author/s: Antemano, Rowena R. & Tolete, Janet R.
Title: The Tragedy of Dehydration
Journal Name: Health & Home
Year: 2019
Pages: 20 - 21

Source #2 (website)

Name of Web page: PsychCentral

Name of Website: www.psychcentral.com
Author: Grohol, John M.
Title: 10 Highly Effective Study Habits
Year: 2020
Month: January
Day: 17
URL: https://psychcentral.com/lib/top-10-most-effective-study-habits/

Source #1 (book)
Title: Graphic Design Theory
Author: Armstrong, Helen
Year: 2009
City/Location: New York
Publisher: Princeton Architectural Press

LET’S SUM IT UP

 Creating a List of References is an important part of your research paper. It gives credit
to the owner of the idea/ information you included in your paper, helps you avoid
committing plagiarism, and lets your reader know where you got certain information for
further reading.

 There are different styles/ formats in making a reference such as the APA, MLA, and
Chicago format.

 The list of references is usually placed at the end part of your research paper. Each
source should include information such as the name of the author/s, title, year,
publisher, and URL.

 However, for the readers to know which exact part of your paper was taken from a
specific source, you must also include an in-text citation right after the paraphrased,
summarized or quoted information. A citation is often written in the format (author, date).

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If you are still confused when to cite and when not to cite a source, refer to
the diagram below to help you decide.

Image Source: https://stpauls-mb.libguides.com

YOUR FINAL TASK

Create a list of references for your own research paper. You may do it manually on a
separate sheet of paper or encoded using the Microsoft Word application.

Congratulations! If you have already created your

own list of references, you have done a great job! If
you’re still having some difficulties or questions, it is
okay to reach out and ask help from your teacher or
others. Just remember to keep on trying and learning.
Until next time!

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YOUR REINFORCER

For more information and further discussion on citation and references, watch these
YouTube videos. Links are provided below.

How to Avoid Plagiarism with 3 Simple Tricks | Scribbr

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQhVDH9p7aU

Referencing #3 - Building a reference list

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zP-ZQGjRURs

Adding Citations & References Using MS Word

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CnVq_BpwP2E

YOUR REFLECTION/S

How will the concepts you learned from this lesson improve yourself as a
researcher or as a student? Write your response on your notebook.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

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References
Citing Sources: Understanding Citations. (2020, April 7). Retrieved from stpauls-mb.libguides.com:

https://stpauls-mb.libguides.com/citations/introduction

Gahan, C. (2020, February 21). APA reference page. Retrieved from scribbr.com:

https://www.scribbr.com/apa-style/apa-reference-page/

How to Cite a Research Paper. (2020, June 1). Retrieved from www.wikiHow.com:

https://www.wikihow.com/Cite-a-Research-Paper

Identifying Parts of a Citation: Why Citing Sources is Important. (2020, June 9). Retrieved from

guides.library.unk.edu: https://guides.library.unk.edu/c.php?g=710678&p=5051044

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Answer Key:
I. YOUR READINESS CHECK
1. YES
2. NO
3. NO
4. YES
5. YES

II. YOUR INITIAL TASK

(answers may vary)

III. YOUR DISCOVERY TASK

(APA style)

References
Antemano, R. R., & Tolete, J. R. (2019). The Tragedy of Dehydration. Health and Home, 20-21.

Armstrong, H. (2009). Graphic Design Theory. New York NY: Princeton Architectural Press.

Grohol, J. M. (2020, January 17). Psychcentral. Retrieved from www.psychcentral.com:

https://psychcentral.com/lib/top-10-most-effective-study-habits/

Horn, N. (2015). Positive Thinking: get Health, Happiness and Optimism. Munich, Germany: BookRix
GmbH & Co. KG.

(MLA style)

References
Antemano, R. R., & Tolete, J. R. (2019). The Tragedy of Dehydration. Health and Home, 20-21.

Armstrong, H. (2009). Graphic Design Theory. New York NY: Princeton Architectural Press.

Grohol, J. M. (2020, January 17). Psychcentral. Retrieved from www.psychcentral.com:

https://psychcentral.com/lib/top-10-most-effective-study-habits/

Horn, N. (2015). Positive Thinking: get Health, Happiness and Optimism. Munich, Germany: BookRix
GmbH & Co. KG.

IV. YOUR FINAL TASK

(answers may vary)

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