Feb 2019

Development of
Baseline
Final Report

This report contains comprehensive survey dataset, maps and drawings of all assets related to
Water Supply System, Drainage and Sewerage System, and Solid Waste Management System,
produced during the project conducted in Mardan, Pakistan

0
The report is developed by Associates in Development Pvt. Ltd (hereinafter referred to as “the
Consultant”) for the project executed by Water and Sanitation Services Company Mardan (WSSCM)
under the assignment name, “Development of Baseline” funded by Swiss Agency for Development
and Cooperation (SDC).

Water and Sanitation Services Company Mardan

WSSCM Bungalow Muhabatabad, Opposite Gulberg
Town, Muhabatabad - Mardan
Phone No : 0937-840892

Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation

Islamabad – Pakistan

Associates in Development (AiD) Pvt. Ltd.

AID Executive Centre 22, SCHS, E-11/2-3,
Islamabad - Pakistan
Phone No : (+92) 51-2304980-79

1
 Executive Summary

The Contract was signed by WSSCM and the Consultants on August 02, 2018, thus enabling the
formal launch of the inception phase activities. The teams were mobilized immediately after. Hiring
of field staff for the survey of assets was made through extensive interviews and 40 numbers of
Engineers/Sub Engineers were inducted by the last week of August 2018. The actual field survey
started on Sep 17, 2018.

A comprehensive baseline survey of the water, wastewater, and solid waste management systems
related assets was carried out in 39 Neighborhood Councils (NCs) and Sheikh Maltoon Township of
14 Union Councils (UCs) of Mardan covering an urban area of 31 sq. km. The data from this survey
presents the most comprehensive dataset generated on full physical identification and condition
verification of all above-ground assets related to the Water Supply System (WSS), Drainage and
Sewerage System (DSS) and Solid Waste Management System (SWM) of Mardan City within the
WSSCM jurisdiction. The purpose of the survey was to establish an efficient database of all relevant
assets for the service provider agencies which will enhance the operation and management
functions of the relevant departments in providing the required services to the citizens. The
database will not only serve as an asset register but also provide key information related to the
condition of the assets such as age, functionality, sizing, operational ownership, current condition,
and any constraints identified in the survey. The survey database can be utilized by the service
providers to make informed decisions on the current and future capital improvement projects
aimed at improving the key services in the water, wastewater, and solid waste management sectors
ultimately resulting in improved services to citizens.

The baseline survey was carried out by a well-trained team of engineers using effective data
collection tools including relevant proforma sheets developed for all relevant assets in coordination
with WSSCM. The tools also included integration into an MIS platform using android based
applications for field survey and GIS tools for data import and export purposes. The survey was
carried out over a period of 16 weeks and in total, 15 teams were mobilized across the Mardan City
which included 5 WSS Teams and 8 DSS and 2 SWM Survey Teams. Each team comprised of 2 field
surveyors who had measuring instruments, android devices and hard copy of high-resolution
Google maps of the targeted grids to be surveyed.

As per the signed agreement, 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th deliverables of the project have already been
submitted to the client (WSSCM). This report marks the submission of the last deliverable (5th
deliverable).

Component-wise summary of water supply, wastewater and solid waste management systems is
outlined on next pages.

2
A. Water Supply System

The water supply system assets surveyed and assessed included water supply networks, tube wells,
overhead reservoirs (OHR) and filtration plants (FP). The key service providers and agencies
responsible for water supply to residents in Mardan include WSSCM, Mardan Development
Authority (MDA), and PHED as they own and operate the various tube wells and associated water
supply networks in the city. Of the total 36 tube wells owned by WSSCM, 26 tube wells are
functional with 159 km transmission pipe line. Public Health Engineering Department (PHED)
constructed 36 tube wells along with pipeline network having length of 151 Km in Mardan urban
area in the period 2010-2012 but these are still non-functional due to various reasons. Mardan
development authority (MDA) operates and regulates the 11 existing tube wells in Sheikh Maltoon
town ship out of which 7 are functional that feeds the area in a close loop system. Of the total 83
tube wells, only 33 are functional. Of the total 372557 meters pipeline in the water supply network,
208057 meters is functional. The diameters of pipelines in water supply network range from 1 inch
to 12 inches. The age of the pipes in water supply network ranges from 7 years to 40 years. The
total number of residential household connections in the study area is estimated to be 10,742
against an estimated total household number of 60,212. This implies that 52,569 households are
without water connections. WSSCM and PHED has WS network of 159Km and 151Km respectively,
laid across the Mardan city. Most of WSSCM lines are functional and PHED lines are non-functional
except for few. There are total of 14 OHR in the study area and the capacity of the OHRs range from
50000 to 100000 gallons.. Out of the total 14 OHRs, 9 are functional and 4 are non-functional.
Condition grading was carried out and assigned to each OHR. Out of the 14 OHR, 50% are in good
condition, 21% are in fair condition, and 29% are in poor condition. Out of the total 15 FPs in the
survey area, 3 are functional and 12 are non-functional.
The current water supply situation in the city reveals deficiencies in both water quantity and
quality. There is a deficit in the water supply and water demand under both existing and future
projected years based on the current water available from the functional sources against the
required demand based on population and per capita consumption. The residents in most areas
surveyed complain of low pressures in the water supply as well as water quality from the various
sources. To meet this water deficit, there is a need to increase the source of water supply (tube
wells) in the overall service area. Detail capacity analysis of the functional tube wells shall be
carried out including hydraulic capacity and pumping head requirements to determine if these tube
wells can provide the required minimum pressure to end users. Hydraulic analysis should be
carried out in conjunction with water supply networks to determine the accurate head losses
occurring in the system compared to the total pump head available which will determine if the
pumps are capable of supplying the required flows to the remote areas of the network.
The non-functional tube wells shall be investigated to determine if these can be made functional
with minimum cost to address the demand deficit in various UCs. Tube wells with poor
civil/structural, electrical and mechanical conditions shall be addressed for the required
improvements. Pipes in close proximity to drains shall be studied and mitigation measures shall be
taken to ensure there is no cross connection of sewage from drains to pipelines as this is main
cause of contamination of drinking water. A comprehensive supply-demand analysis shall be
carried out in light of the projected future population and capacity of tube well-pipe network

3
system to determine how many households can be served by the current system. Accordingly, the
number of household and commercial connections in each UC shall be increased to meet the
demands of the communities in each UC. The age of the networks shall be considered in
determining the life of the pipelines. Very old and deteriorated pipelines shall be abandoned and
replaced accordingly.
The number of OHR should be increased. The existing OHR are not enough to serve the water
supply needs of the area. Also, there is no adequate pressure at end user. In case of failure of pump
or power supply, the water supply is unavailable for unknown time, so it is recommended to
provide OHR with the tube wells so that water supply is not interrupted. Also, the OHR can be a
source of supply during peak times when the pumps are not working. OHR in poor condition shall
be properly inspected for any chance of rehabilitation. Otherwise shall be demolished to avoid risk
of failure. Regular cleaning of OHRs is essential to maintain water quality. With regard to the FPs
in the survey area, there is a need to increase the number and capacity of the FPs to meet the
requirements of the residents in providing safe drinking water. Proper maintenance of the existing
FPs is required to keep the machinery in good condition.

B. Wastewater System

The existing drainage systems serving the WSSCM jurisdiction area is mostly combined systems
that convey domestic and commercial wastewater along with surface runoff during rain events. The
main components of the waste water system in Mardan include Drains, Trunk Sewers, Waste water
treatment plants (WWTPs), and disposal Outfalls. The trunk sewers are limited in number and are
functional.
The total length of the functional drains in the drainage system is 478 KM with Combined system
for wastewater and storm water of 379381 meters and Drains serving for wastewater only as
97198 meters. Drains are either constructed as covered or open drains with 15.91% of the drains
being covered and 84.09% as open drains. The shapes of drains vary from Rectangular, Semi-
Parabolic or Trapezoidal drains and their respective percentages are 84.33%, 0.25%and 10.70%.
The width of the drains varies from 0.5 ft to 30 ft. The material of the drains and walls consists of
PCC, brick, RCC, or Kacha drains. Of the total drains, 77.18% are made of PCC, 15.49% brick, 1.16%
RCC while 5.70% are Kacha Drains. Out of 478814-meter drains, 28.97% are flowing free with no
hindrances and 71.03% are flowing with partial flow.
The mode of outfall observed for the drains range from open fields, canals, and ravine areas. The
drains outfall to the fields in the urban area during rainy seasons which is creating inundation and
resulting in a lot of environmental and health related problems to the residents. Immediate
connectivity is required with other drains/ravine to provide relief to the residents. The survey
revealed that de-silting and cleaning of drains has not been carried out regularly which has resulted
in clogging of drains. Most of the residents throw their solid waste in drains resulting in clogging of
drains flow which require regular cleaning by WSSCM. There is need for intensive programs
through Nazims/media or other social organizations for public awareness and to encourage
residents to avoid throwing their solid waste into drains. The majority of the drains in poor/very
poor condition drains are in UC Bagh-e-Irum, Bijli Ghar, Baghdada, Dagai, Guli Bagh, Par Hoti, Rorya
and Sheikh Maltoon which require repair /rehabilitation.

4
The total length of sewer line laid across Mardan is 105744m with bulk of the sewer line located in
Sheikh Maltoon Township. Majority of the sewer in urban area of Mardan is unobservable because
the manholes are covered in concrete pavement or asphalt pavement. There are four networks of
sewer line laid in Mardan located in Dagai, Bicket Gunj, Bagh-e-Irum and Sheikh Maltoon. The age of
sewer line varies from 1 year to 40 years. The sewer dia varies from 9” to 48”. There are five trunk
sewers with 48” dia pipes that pass through different parts of Mardan.
There are two treatment plants in the survey area and both the treatment plants are not
operational due to various reasons. The reasons include technical deficiencies in the treatment
components, no-payment of electricity bills, and or other operation and management (O&M)
related issues faced by the staff. The WWTP situated near Rashakai should be made functional
immediately as all the sewage of Sheikh Maltoon Township is discharging into Rashakai drain,
thereby polluting the environment and is a health hazard. The plant can be made functional at
minimum cost as all the infrastructures have already been built. The treatment plant in Rorya
requires repair works of the ponds and can also be made functional without involving huge cost. If
proper sewerage system in the urban area is provided, this plant can cater for maximum area
needs.
The results of the survey and condition assessment reveal that a proper analysis of the wastewater
system including the hydraulic and hydrologic capacity analysis is required. Such an engineering
analysis will determine the capacity of the drains and trunk sewers against the wastewater and
storm water flow generated from the catchment areas and provides a framework for making
system-wide improvements including rehabilitation of the existing system as well as laying of new
wastewater networks and treatment facilities and outfall structures. It is important to not only have
functional collection and conveyance facilities (drains or trunk sewers) but also to ensure that the
wastewater and storm water generated, collected, and conveyed is properly treated and then
disposed to outfall areas in a safe and environmentally acceptable manner.

C. Solid Waste Management System

In Mardan city the garbage is either disposed by the people into the containers placed at designated
points or disposed to the secondary points (open areas) where available. The survey focused on
containers, secondary points (open areas), and dump sites. There are two types of containers in the
existing system, large container with 5m3 capacity and small container with 0.8m3 capacity.
Secondary Point/Moqa (Open area) is the point from where the garbage is collected by WSSCM staff
and disposed to dumping sites. Dump site is the final destination point where the solid waste is
disposed to. There are 14 number dump sites located in the middle of the dwellings in open area
while 14 numbers dump sites are located in Kalpani River.
In majority UCs the containers are not enough in numbers for the people to dispose the waste. They
dispose the waste in open areas which create pollution and health hazards. The collection and
lifting frequencies of containers are not frequent enough and as a result after the capacity limit is
reached people dispose the garbage in the vicinity of the container in open areas that are not
designated places for solid waste disposal. A capacity analysis was carried out to determine the
number of containers required based on the waste generation rates and it revealed that there is a
need for additional 188 and 869 new containers of capacity 5 m3 and 0.8 m3 respectively against

5
the existing 88 and 34 containers of capacity 5 m3 and 0.8 m3 respectively. The solid waste
management situation can be improved by providing the required number of containers with
proper collection and lifting of garbage from the designated sites.
All the dump sites require immediate shifting from the existing locations to a designated dump site
outside the urban area to save the people and environment from health hazards. The collection and
lifting frequency should be increased. If not collected on time, the disposed waste creates odor
problems leading to more serious environmental and health hazards for the residents. The teams
have observed that many local people don’t use the containers for waste dumping. Awareness is
necessary through public education and awareness campaigns

6
 Table of Contents

Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................................. 2

1.0. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 16
1.1. Project Background ................................................................................................................................................. 16
1.2. Key Objectives ........................................................................................................................................................... 16
1.3. Scope of Work ............................................................................................................................................................ 17
1.4. Geographical Spread ............................................................................................................................................... 18
1.5. Project Deliverables ................................................................................................................................................ 23
2.0. Inception Phase........................................................................................................................................... 24
2.1. Overview of Activities............................................................................................................................................. 24
2.2. Inception Workshop ............................................................................................................................................... 24
3.0. Survey Design and Methods.................................................................................................................... 25
3.1. Mobilization, Training and Validation ............................................................................................................. 25
3.2. Data Collection Process.......................................................................................................................................... 25
3.3. GIS Survey Approach .............................................................................................................................................. 28
3.4. Methodology for Development of Asset Management System (AMS) ................................................ 32
4.0. Condition Assessment of all Assets ...................................................................................................... 33
4.1. Water Supply System (WSS) ................................................................................................................................ 33
4.1.1. Current Situation.............................................................................................................................................. 33
4.1.2. Water Demand Analysis ................................................................................................................................ 37
4.1.3. Assets of Water Supply System (WSS) .................................................................................................... 43
4.2. Waste Water System ............................................................................................................................................... 86
4.2.1. Current Situation.............................................................................................................................................. 86
4.2.2. Assets of Waste Water System ................................................................................................................... 88
4.3. Solid Waste Management (SWM) Systems ................................................................................................. 128
4.3.1. Current Situation........................................................................................................................................... 128
4.3.2. Garbage Collection Points ......................................................................................................................... 129
4.3.3. SWM Vehicles & Machinery ...................................................................................................................... 137
4.3.4. SWM Tools ....................................................................................................................................................... 140
5.0. Summary of Survey Findings and Recommendations................................................................. 148
5.1. Water Supply System ........................................................................................................................................... 148
5.1.1. Tube wells ........................................................................................................................................................ 148
5.1.2. Water Supply Network ............................................................................................................................... 149
5.1.3. Overhead Reservoirs (OHRs) ................................................................................................................... 151
5.1.4. Filtration Plants (FP) ................................................................................................................................... 152
5.2. Wastewater System .............................................................................................................................................. 154
5.3. Solid Waste Management (SWM) System ................................................................................................... 156
5.3.1. Recommendations on Collection and Disposal ................................................................................ 157

7
List of Annexes

Annex 1: Approved Questionnaire/Survey Tools for Water Supply System

Annex 2: Approved Questionnaire/Survey Tools for Drainage and Sewerage System

Annex 3: Approved Questionnaire/Survey Tools for Solid Waste System

Annex 4: Scanned Copies of Grid Survey Sheets for Water Supply System

Annex 5: Scanned Copies of Grid Survey Sheets for Drainage Network

Annex 6: Scanned Copies of Grid Survey Sheets for Sewerage Network

Annex 7: MIS User Guide

Annex 8: AutoCAD Layouts of Over Head Reservoirs

Annex 9: A0 Map of Water Supply System

Annex 10: A0 Map of Drainage Network

Annex 11: A0 Map of Sewerage Network

Annex 12: A0 Map of Garbage Collection Points

Annex 13: All Raw Data in Excel

8
List of Figures
Figure 1.1: High Resolution Satellite Image of Mardan City

Figure 1.2: Map of Mardan showing UCs and Grid wise distribution

Figure 3.1: Field Survey Process Flow Diagram

Figure 3.2: GIS Approach towards DBS

Figure 3.3: Asset Management System

Figure 4.1: Map of Ownership of WS Network

Figure 4.2: UC-wise Population of Mardan (2018)

Figure 4.3: UC-wise Population of Mardan (2023)

Figure 4.4: Map of Tube well Ownership

Figure 4.5: Functional/Non-Functional Tube wells

Figure 4.6: WS Network Pipelines based on Tube well connected

Figure 4.7: Water Supply Network of Mardan City

Figure 4.8: Water Supply Network Pipeline Diameter

Figure 4.9: Water Supply Network Pipeline Material

Figure 4.10: Functional/Non-Functional WS Pipelines

Figure 4.11: Above Ground (Observable) & Below Ground (Non-Observable) Pipelines

Figure 4.12: Pipelines passing along the Drain

Figure 4.13: WS Network Pipelines based on Number of Connections

Figure 4.14: Functional/Non-Functional OHRs

Figure 4.15: Storage Capacity of OHRs

Figure 4.16: Leakage in OHRs

Figure 4.17: Ownership of Filtration Plants

Figure 4.18: Functional/Non-Functional Filtration Plants

9
Figure 4.19: Distribution of Main Drains in Mardan

Figure 4.20: Drains Network Layout of Mardan

Figure 4.21: Elevation Gradient Profile of Mardan

Figure 4.22: Classification of Drains by Functionality in each UC

Figure 4.23: Classification of Covered and Open Drains in each UC

Figure 4.24: Shape Classification of Drains in each UC

Figure 4.25: Width Classification of Drains in each UC

Figure 4.26: Depth of Drains in each UC

Figure 4.27: Material of Drains in each UC

Figure 4.28: Drain Classification according to Flow Type

Figure 4.29: Drain Classification by mode of outfall in each UC

Figure 4.30: Drain Network Encroachment in each UC

Figure 4.31: Location of Damaged Drains in each UC

Figure 4.32: Classification of Drains w.r.t. Overall Physical Condition

Figure 4.33: Trunk Sewers

Figure 4.34: Functionality of Sewerage Network

Figure 4.35: Covered and Uncovered Manholes in Sewerage Network

Figure 4.36: Diameter of Sewer Lines

Figure 4.37: Outfall of Sewerage Network

Figure 4.38: Schematic Layout of Rorya Mistriabad WWTP

Figure 4.39: Schematic Layout of Rashakai WWTP

Figure 4.40: Garbage Collection Points in Mardan

Figure 4.41: Map showing Condition Grading of the Containers

Figure 4.42: Map showing Condition Grading of 5 cubic meters Container

Figure 4.43: Map showing Condition Grading of 0.8 cubic meters Container

10
Figure 4.44: Map showing Sites cleared by WSSCM

List of Tables
Table 1.1: Target Area of Baseline Survey

Table 1.2: Project Deliverables and Status

Table 4.1: Existing Situation of Water Supply System in Mardan

Table 4.2: Current and Projected Population in each UC

Table 4.3: Current Water Availability and Demand Analysis in each UC

Table 4.4: Future (2023) Water Availability and Demand Analysis in each UC

Table 4.5: Tube wells required under Current Demand Deficit (2018)

Table 4.6: Tube wells required under Future Demand Deficit (2023)

Table 4.7: UC-wise Tube well Ownership

Table 4.8: UC-wise Tube well Functionality

Table 4.9: Grading Criteria for Mechanical & Electrical Assets

Table 4.10: Full Condition Assessment of Tube well Assets

Table 4.11: UC-wise Tube well Power Supply Condition

Table 4.12: Tube well Energy Consumption

Table 4.13: UC-wise Pipeline Length

Table 4.14: Pipeline Length Distribution according to Ownership

Table 4.15: UC-wise summary of Pipeline Lengths and Diameters

Table 4.16: UC-wise Length of Pipe Material

Table 4.17: Network Functionality according to Ownership

Table 4.18: Full Condition Assessment of WS Network Pipelines

Table 4.19: Overall Condition Assessment of WS Network

Table 4.20: Condition Assessment of WS Network according to Ownership

11
Table 4.21: Above Ground and Below Ground Pipe Lengths

Table 4.22: Existing Connections w.r.t. Functional & Non-Functional Pipelines

Table 4.23: Leakage Points in WS Pipelines

Table 4.24: WS Connections required by Households in Mardan

Table 4.25: Storage Capacity of OHR with respect to UC and Ownership

Table 4.26: Condition Grading System for Building Assets

Table 4.27: Full Condition Assessment on General Attributes of OHRs

Table 4.28: Capacity of FP w.r.t. Ownership

Table 4.29: Full Condition Assessment on General Attributes of Filtration Plants

Table 4.30: Total Length of Drains in each UC

Table 4.31: Function-wise Classification of Drains in each UC

Table 4.32: Classification of Covered and Open Drains in each UC

Table 4.33: Shape Classification of Drains in each UC

Table 4.34: Width Classification of Drains in each UC

Table 4.35: Material of Drains in each UC

Table 4.36: Drain Classification according to Flow Type

Table 4.37: Drain Classification by Mode of Outfall in each UC

Table 4.38: Drain Classification w.r.t. Encroachment of Drains

Table 4.39: Breakdown of Damaged Drains in each UC

Table 4.40: Condition Grading Criteria for Drains

Table 4.41: Condition Assessment of Drains in each UC

Table 4.42: Functionality in relation to Length of Sewer Line

Table 4.43: Observability of Manholes

Table 4.44: Age of Sewers

Table 4.45: Manhole Cover Type and Material

Table 4.46: Diameter of Sewer Line

12
Table 4.47: Garbage Collecting Points

Table 4.48: Grading Criteria for Solid Waste Management (SWM) Assets

Table 4.49: Containers Condition

Table 4.50: Details of all SWM Vehicles

Table 4.51: Detail of Pool/Other Vehicles

Table 4.52: Vehicles and Associated Maintenance Cost

Table 4.53: Detail of SWM Machinery

Table 4.54: Detail of Tools assigned to WSSCM Staff

Table 5.1: Total length of functional pipelines in WS Network

Table 5.2: Summary of Condition Assessment of OHR

Table 5.3: Summary of Condition Assessment of Filtration Plants

Table 5.4: Capacity Analysis of Containers

Table 5.5: No. of Containers Required

13
List of Acronyms

AID Associates in Development Pvt. Ltd

ALOS Advanced Land Observation Satellite

AMS Asset Management System

BOD Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand

CDWA Clean Drinking Water for All

CI Cast Iron

COD Chemical Oxygen Demand

DB Database

DC Deputy Commissioner

DEM Digital Elevation Model

DBS Development of Baseline Survey

DPI Dots Per Inch

DSS Drainage and Sewerage System

FP Filtration Plant

GI Galvanized Iron

GIS Geographical Information System

GPS Global Positioning System

HDPE High Density Polyethylene

ID Identification Number

KML Keyhole Markup Language

KP-WGP Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Water Governance Program

14
Lpcd Litres per capita per day

MDA Mardan Development Authority

MIS Management Information System

NC Neighbourhood Council

NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NEQS National Environmental Quality Standards

OHR Overhead Reservoir

OSM Open Street Map

PCC Portland Cement Concrete

PHED Public Health Engineering Department

PTCL Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited

QA Quality Assurance

QC Quality Control

RCC Reinforced Cement Concrete

SDC Swiss Development Corporation

SWM Solid Waste Management

TMA Tehsil Municipal Administration

TOR Terms of Reference

TSS Total Suspended Solids

UC Union Council

WHO World Health Organization

WS Water Supply

WSS Water Supply System

WSSCM Water and Sanitation Services Company Mardan

WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant

15
1.0. Introduction
1.1. Project Background

The Water and Sanitations Services Company Mardan (WSSCM) was established by the
Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (GoKP) in 2015 as an independent body to look after the
combined drinking water, sanitation and solid waste management services in the urban jurisdiction
of Mardan. Having taken over services in December 2016, WSSCM has been trusted with the goal of
“bringing sustained improvement in water and sanitation delivery to effectively address the basic
needs of citizens in Mardan”. The jurisdiction of WSSCM spreads over an urban area of 31 sq. km
covering 39 Neighborhood Councils (NCs) and Sheikh Maltoon Township.

WSSCM suffers from a lack of a baseline database of the assets it has inherited from its predecessor
organizations. This shortcoming directly affects WSSCM’s ability of handling its services and
responding to the needs of the sharply growing population. The current water and sanitation
situation of the region is fairly substandard and suffers from improper management of facilities and
utilities. This situation is worsened during the monsoon season as the drains become clogged and
rainwater builds up and remains stagnant for long periods, posing serious health hazards to the
public.

The importance of the water and sanitation sector is recognized by the Government of Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa which is striving to prioritize improvement in this area through policy initiatives
such as KP-Water Governance Program (KP-WGP). Under the umbrella of this program, a financial
assistance for the strengthening and improvement of WSSCM systems has been rendered by the
Swiss Development Corporation (SDC). Through this fund, the KP-WGP initiative aims to improve
governance, strengthen system and plug capacity gaps of WSSCM to allow for sustainable
operations and enhanced access to urban population.

1.2. Key Objectives

“Development of Baseline” project was awarded to Associated in Development (AiD) Pvt. Ltd. on
August 2nd 2018 in response to WSSCM’s Call for Proposal to provide consultancy services for the
development of base line of its assets. The objectives of this assignment were:

 Development of a GIS dashboard and an inventory system of all WSSCM assets

 Full physical identification and condition verification of all above-ground assets and
verification of a suitable sample of below-ground assets. These services extend to the areas
of water supply systems, sanitation networks and solid waste management systems
 To produce an outcome of this assignment in the form of a detailed record of WSSCM’s
assets which can easily be visualized and geo-tagged on Google Earth

16
1.3. Scope of Work

The scope of work is as follows;

 The baseline survey will primarily focus on level and extent of water supply, wastewater,
drainage and solid waste management assets WSSCM jurisdiction.
 100% survey and identification of all fixed, moveable and above-ground assets of water
supply, sewerage and solid waste and suitable sampling of below-ground assets of WSSCM,
labeling and codifying each asset, including the following information:
i. Asset description; Quantity of each asset; Manufacturer of the asset (if known);
Assets serial number assigned by the manufacturer (if available or applicable);
Warranty coverage; Warranty expiration date; Assets acquisition date (if known);
Acquisition cost of the asset (if known); Date the asset was placed into service (if
known); Assets salvage value (if any); Assets useful life; Depreciation method of
Current book value; Assets physical location;
ii. Preparation of comprehensive assets inventory (open source software) system for
each category of asset; condition assessment, valuation of existing asset and future
inclusion of data entry by WSSCM.
iii. Consultant will also develop GIS Based Asset Management System and provide GIS
based complete inventory of assets regarding water supply, sewerage and storm
water drainage system and SWM infrastructure to the scales as required by WSSCM.
It would facilitate WSSCM in tracking of asset at design, construction, repair, or
replacement stages. To develop GIS based asset inventory on google (or any other
relevant system). GIS maps should be in such a way that it acts as a complete unit.

A. Water Supply System

 GIS based location, diameter, and type of material and where known, age of all water mains.
Transmission mains from water production facilities to elevated or ground reservoirs,
distribution lines should be clearly indicated.
 GIS based location of all valves, air valves and washouts. Each should be given a number and
this should be cross-referenced to a table or database giving information on the valve
diameter, whether it is working and whether it is leaking.
 GIS based location and capacity of ground level and elevated reservoirs. A separate larger
scale plan (1:100 or 1:200 or equivalent as appropriate) should be prepared for each
reservoir site, showing the boundary fence/wall, any buildings within the compound, pipe
runs, both above and below ground, valves and valve chambers. Clearly distinguish between
incoming, outgoing and overflow/ tank drainage pipework.
 GIS based location of tube wells.
 The status of existing communal water filtration plants with GIS locations.
 The survey will assess the physical condition of existing water related
tools/machinery/equipment, prepare inventory and will propose additional tools/

17
 machinery/equipment for effective operation and maintenance of tube well based water
supply system.

B. Sewerage and Drainage System

 GIS based location of all drains, both constructed and under construction. Sizes of collector
drains, together with invert level (as per GPS) and depth at intervals of 300 (if easily
notable) meters and at collector drain intersections.
 GIS based location, diameter and pipe material and present condition of all sewers.
(Location and size should be shown on the drawings but other information may be provided
on a linked GIS mapping). Identification of problem/damaged lengths of sewer/drain on GIS
maps.
 GIS based location of visible manholes and their invert levels (as per GPS) including all
major junctions, of collector sewers and drains.
 Determine the existing visible/open utility lines (water supply, PTCL, Gas etc.) passing
through drainage system and its presentation on GIS maps.
 The survey will assess the physical condition of existing waste water related
tools/machinery/equipment, prepare inventory and will propose additional tools/
machinery/equipment for effective operation and maintenance of sewerage and drainage
network.

C. Solid Waste Management

 The consultant firm will identify GIS based location of all existing transfer points and
containers locations.
 The consultant firm will determine and document the number and capacity of secondary
collection points on GIS maps.
 The survey will assess the physical condition of existing Solid Waste related
tools/machinery/equipment/vehicles, prepare inventory and will propose additional tools/
machinery/equipment/vehicles for effective operation and maintenance of Solid Waste
Management System.

1.4. Geographical Spread

The below Table 1.1 provides the consultant’s targeted area under this assignment.

Table 1.1: Target Area of Baseline Survey

S. No. Union Council S. No. Neighbourhood Council

1 NC Bagh Irum – 1
1 Bagh Irum 2 NC Bagh Irum – 2
3 NC Bagh Irum – 3
2 Bari Cham 4 NC Bari Cham – 1

18
 5 NC Bari Cham – 2
6 NC Bicket Gunj – 1
3 Bicket Gunj 7 NC Bicket Gunj – 2
8 NC Bicket Gunj – 3
9 NC Bijli Ghar – 1
4 Bijli Ghar
10 NC Bijli Ghar – 2
11 NC Baghdada – 1
5 Baghdada 12 NC Baghdada – 2
13 NC Baghdada – 3
14 NC Guli Bagh - 1
6 Guli Bagh
15 NC Guli Bagh - 2
16 NC Kas Koroona - 1
7 Kas Koroona 17 NC Kas Koroona - 2
18 NC Kas Koroona - 3
19 NC Mardan Khas - 1
8 Mardan Khas 20 NC Mardan Khas - 2
21 NC Mardan Khas - 3
22 NC Muslim Abad - 1
9 Muslim Abad 23 NC Muslim Abad - 2
24 NC Muslim Abad - 3
25 NC Par Hoti - 1
10 Par Hoti 26 NC Par Hoti - 2
27 NC Par Hoti - 3
28 NC Rorya – 1
11 Rorya 29 NC Rorya – 2
30 NC Rorya – 3
31 NC Sikandari Pur Dilabad - 1
Sikandari Pur 32 NC Sikandari Pur Dilabad - 2
12
Dilabad 33 NC Sikandari Pur Dilabad - 3
34 NC Sikandari Pur Dilabad - 4
35 NC Dagai – 1
13 Dagai
36 NC Dagai – 2
37 NC Hoti – 1
14 Hoti 38 NC Hoti – 2
39 NC Hoti – 3

19
A high resolution satellite based image was used as base map to carry out field survey activities.
The base map is shown in the following section with total 147 survey grids marked.

20
Figure 1.1: High Resolution Satellite Image of Mardan City

21
Figure 1.2: Map of Mardan showing UCs and Grid wise distribution

22
1.5. Project Deliverables

Table 1.2 shows the deliverables that were necessary parts of the assignment. The consultant’s
status on each deliverable is indicated.

Table 1.2: Project Deliverables and Status

S. No. Deliverables Contents Submission Status

1 Inception Detailed methodology, including asset condition Submitted on:

Report classification and grading criteria, survey tools, 17th Aug 2018
outline of the baseline survey report and GIS
based asset survey report, and work plan

2 Draft Baseline Assessment of condition of all Submitted on:

Survey Report assets/infrastructure, including methodology 29th Jan 2019
and procedure utilized to prepare the
assessment, supporting diagrams, charts, etc.

3 Draft GIS based GIS dashboard showing maps of all Submitted on:
Dashboard assets/infrastructure as per scope of work 29th Jan 2019

Asset GIS dashboard showing maps of all Submitted on:

Inventory assets/infrastructure as per scope of work 29th Jan 2019
System (Excel
or Access/SPSS,
4 open source)
and GIS Based
Asset
Management
System

5 Final Reports Drawings in editable format (like GIS, MIS and 3D Submitted on:
on the Civil, AutoCAD) to be submitted in 5 copies, 25th Feb 2019
assignment, including an electronic version on CD. All
including all materials produced by the study including hard
data sets* copy of the report and raw data either in SPSS, (Enclosed herewith)
excel, access, etc.

* Initially, only one set (hard copy) of Final Report is being submitted to the Client.
Remaining 4 copies will be submitted on WSSCM’s receipt/approval of 1st copy of Final
Report.

23
2.0. Inception Phase
2.1. Overview of Activities

This section gives an overview of the key activities conducted in the inception phase.

1. Contract Signing and Assignment Duration: The Contract was signed by WSSCM and the
Consultants on August 02, 2018, thus enabling the formal launch of the inception phase
activities. The contract duration was six months which was effective from the award date of the
contract.

2. Team Mobilization: Based on the agreed mobilization schedule the senior management
including the Team leader (TL), GIS Expert and MIS Expert were immediately mobilized on Aug
02, 2018. This was followed by the mobilization of the Admin officer/Accounts. For hiring of
balance staff, AiD followed the timelines as agreed in the consultant’s project work plan (Refer
to Section 5.0 of Inception Report). The shortlisting for the balance staff was done and
interviews were scheduled on Aug 18, 2018 & Aug 19, 2018 followed by hiring of project staff in
the subsequent week.

3. Office Establishment: Immediately after contract signing, Team Leader was positioned in
the AID Regional office in Peshawar and designated office spaces were allocated for baseline
project staff. In parallel, an office space at AID Head Office in Islamabad was also designated for
project staff for the designing of inception phase activities, development of data collection tools,
project coordination meetings, etc. An admin officer located meeting space for field staff in
Mardan for daily/alternate day meetings. These meetings occupied a reasonable space prior to
start of field activities i.e. in the last week of Aug-2018.

4. Engagement with WSSCM, SDU and Other Stakeholders: Preliminary meetings were held
with WSSCM team on Aug 02, 2018 & Aug 10, 2018. The meeting with WSSCM and SDC staff was
also held in Islamabad AID Head Office on Aug 07, 2018. In addition, a meeting with TMA and
Project Director-Mardan Development Authority was also scheduled on Aug 02, 2018. In each
meeting with WSSCM/SDC, a presentation was made to highlight the overall objectives, project
processes, approval protocols and reporting systems. The meetings were aimed to collect the
secondary data and client’s consensus/approval on the data collection tools to be used in the
field during the baseline ground survey. An introductory field visit to sewerage treatment plant
in Mardan was also carried out by the Consultant’s Team Leader and General Manager-WSSCM
on Aug 10, 2018.

2.2. Inception Workshop

A dedicated workshop was organized on Aug 17, 2018 to share and discuss the assignment
work plan and present the final draft of asset assessment/inventory tools to brief the client on
the final project implementation strategy and gain formal approval. Recommendations from the
client were accordingly assimilated in the project start-up documentation.

The field survey/activities were launched on 5th September 2018.

24
3.0. Survey Design and Methods

The approach and methodology for conducting the baseline survey relied heavily on the lessons
learnt from past experiences of conducting baselines, infrastructure assessments, evaluations,
and qualitative and quantitative research studies.

3.1. Mobilization, Training and Validation

1. Preparation of Pro-forma: The foremost requirement for the inception of the project was to
develop questionnaire for the survey. Individual pro-forma was designed for each asset. These
assets include Tube well, Water supply network, Overhead reservoir, Filtration plant, Drains,
Sewer line, Waste water plant, Vehicles, Tools and Garbage collection points. The questionnaire
for each asset was developed based on field condition, project objectives, scope of work and in
close consultation with WSSCM. Various modifications were incorporated in the pro-forma
based on the requirements of WSSCM besides development of asset pro-forma. The approved
questionnaire/survey tools for WSS, DSS and SWM system are attached as Annex 1, Annex 2 and
Annex 3.

2. Team Mobilization: Hiring of field staff for the survey of assets was made through extensive
interviews and 40 numbers of Engineers/Sub Engineers were hired.

3. Training of Field Staff: The training of the staff hired for the survey of different assets forms
the foundation for a quality output. A two-day training program was arranged in Peshawar to
explain different aspects of the project to the field staff followed by one week training in the
project area of WSSCM. The assets pro-forma was discussed in detail on the first day of training.
On the second day the MIS and GIS methodology was explained to the field staff for a better
coordination and understanding.

4. Management Information System (MIS): The pro forma were then used by MIS team to
develop an android based application for field survey. This application was used to fill the
questionnaire for each asset. The pro-forma created as a result was then saved in application
memory. The MIS team has also developed an online database for the storage of the data. The
data saved is then uploaded to the online database. The data is preserved in raw form in the
database. It can be exported into excel or text file in desired layout. The exported data was then
further used by GIS expert for developing maps of the assets.

5. Piloting/Testing: The piloting of the proposed methodology was made to assess the
accuracy of the results and the problems faced by the teams during piloting. All the teams were
mobilized to the study area and piloting for one week was conducted. After analyzing the data
recorded, necessary amendments were made to the methodology.

3.2. Data Collection Process

The survey protocols established in the inception phase, the assessment tools developed and
piloted during inception trainings steered the full-scale baseline field survey effort that spanned
over a period of 16 weeks. The baseline survey includes carpet coverage of all the above-ground
assets and a statistically viable sample of below-ground assets, identified in coordination with
the stakeholder’s team. Data has been collected for three distinct components of the project
defined in the TORs namely water supply network, sewerage and drainage network and solid

25
waste management systems. In general, the surveys aimed to collect data of all or some of the
information available regarding asset description, quantity, manufacturer information, assets
serial number assigned by the manufacturer, warranty coverage, warranty expiration date,
assets acquisition date, acquisition cost of the asset, date the asset was placed into service,
assets salvage value, assets useful life, depreciation method of current book value and assets’
physical location.

It is evident that the quality of the end product of this assignment will rely solely on the quality
and nature of the data collected. In this regard, survey approach revolved around the following
major principles to ensure execution of a high-quality data collection exercise:

 Consultant made use of an android-based management information system that ensured

accurate collection and swift transmission of field data and communication between
various teams. This allowed that all information was being compiled at once and that
any issues identified during analysis could be red-flagged immediately and
communicated to field teams without hesitance. The use of an online MIS system
ensured timely and simultaneous completion of multiple project activities and improved
the overall efficacy of the assignment.
 The field teams were equipped with enlarged hard copies of Google maps of the areas to
be surveyed. Whilst the primary data collection and transmission activity took place on
the MIS, the teams also used the hard copy maps to roughly sketch out the layout of pipe
and drainage networks, location of tube-wells, filtration plants and other assets
surveyed along with their unique identification numbers. This map was used, at the end
of the day exercise, by the field teams and their respective technical supervisors to
cross-check the number and location of assets inserted in to the MIS. This allowed a
double check on the data being sent to the GIS and data base experts and, hence, omitted
any errors in data collection. The hard copy maps rotation protocol is illustrated in Fig
3.1.

In the first two weeks of the field activity, the field teams were tasked to collect the data on both
the MIS and hard copy formats. This ensured that no data is lost while the teams gained
familiarity with the software. Both sets of collected data were compared at the end of the day
and any issues reported. AiD’s MIS expert provided continuous technical assistance for software
related issues experienced during the field data collection phase.

The process flow of information and reporting protocols within the consultant’s team are
outlined in the field survey process flow diagram attached on the next page.

26
Figure 3.1: Field Survey Process Flow Diagram

27
The process flow diagram depicts the protocol established for accurate data compilation. In
total 15 teams were mobilized across the Mardan City which included 5 WSS Teams, 8 DSS
Survey Teams and 2 SWM Survey Teams. Each team comprised of 2 field surveyors who had
measuring instruments, android devices and hard copy of high-resolution Google maps of the
targeted grids to be surveyed on that particular day.

The first hand data from field monitors was scrutinized by the supervisor of that particular
component (WSS, DSS & SWM). If some inaccuracy was noted at 1st level of QC, the supervisors
reported it to the field survey team and forwarded the revised hard copies of maps to the team
located at AID Peshawar Office.

Led by the Project Team Leader, the received hard copies of maps were further reviewed by the
QA/QC Engineers. If found, the errors were directly reported to field survey team(s) and also
shared with field supervisors. The correspondence continued throughout till the end of field
survey activity. The 2nd Level QA/QC Team at AID Peshawar office sent only the “OK” hard
copies of field survey maps to the GIS Team based at AID Head Office (Islamabad).

The scanned copies of maps (Grid Survey Sheets) for WSS, Drainage System and Sewerage
System are attached as Annex 4, Annex 5 and Annex 6.

The GIS Team fitted the hard copy data into the GIS software and discrepancies were checked
with MIS Team and/or reported to Field Survey Team in case a revision was required. The GIS
Manager remained in continuous coordination with MIS Expert which allowed further
refinement of the collected data.

3.3. GIS Survey Approach

The detailed GIS Survey Approach and Methodology for condition assessment of all
assets/infrastructure is explained in this section. The below figure shows step-by-step
procedure for GIS mapping of WSSCM utility network:

STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3

Existing Hard Copy Satellite Based Map Preparation of
Sketch/Drawing & Existing GIS Data Survey Sheets

STEP 6 STEP 5 STEP 4

Scanning & Geo- Android Based GPS Training of Field
referencing Survey Field Data Collection Survey Staff
Sheet

STEP 7 STEP 8 STEP 9

GIS Digitization Field Data Quality GIS Dashboard
Check & Correction (Data Visualization)

Figure 3.2: GIS Approach towards DBS

28
Step 1: Existing Hard Copy Sketch/Drawing
Associates in Development (AID) has approched WSSCM, DC Mardan office, Tehsil Municipal
Administration (TMA) and other relvent departments for the collection of available secondary
data, maps and drawings/sketches. As a result, following secondary information was located in
hard copy format:

 Hand drawn sketch maps of few mauza

 City Guide map
 Topographic survey maps

The hard copy information was further scanned and converted into picture format. Through
GIS, the picture was transfered to real world coordinate system using georefencing technique. A
first hand information was obtainned from the scanned maps. The topographic sheets and
City/District Guide Maps were obtained from Survey of Pakistan and were used in GIS for
identifying major city landmarks, roads and railway networks.

Step 2: Satellite Basemap and Existing GIS Data

AID acquired a very high-resolution Google based satellite imagery and utilized it as a base map
for carrying out the field activities. Union Council (UC) Boundaries data in Google KML format
was obtained from DC Office Mardan. The UC of Sheikh Maltoon was not available in the data.
The identified UC boundary included the Sheikh Maltoon area and was converted in to the KML
data and finally the Shape file/Geo-database format was developed for GIS working. WSSC
Mardan also provided the KML format data for following items;

 Tube wells (selected numbers)

 Overhead Reservoir (selected numbers)
 Garbage Collection points (selected numbers)
 WSSCM Jurisdiction Boundary
AID was unable to locate the Neighborhood Council (NC) boundaries data in vector format from
any available source during the inception phase. In the absence of NC data, WSSCM directed to
use the Union Council boundaries. The GIS vector data like road, railway line, water bodies,
landmarks & etc. was also acquired from Open Street Map (OSM) available freely.

Step 3: Preparation of Survey Sheets

Planning and execution of field survey was very crucial for the reliable and efficient data
collection. The GIS team designed 147 field survey sheets for WSSCM jurisdiction on a very large
scale of 1:1287. Every field survey sheet was uniquely numbered having following
items/information;

 WSSCM Jurisdiction Boundary

 Union Council Boundary
 Survey Sheets Index
 High Resolution Google Satellite Image
 Already available Tubewells location
 Already available Overhead reservoir location
 Already available Dump site location

29
  Important location
 Already available Dust bin location
 Road Name

An online Google map was prepared, coupled with Android device live location. The strategy
helped in avoiding redundancy in the field surveys and familiarity with the field survey area.

Step 4: Training of Field Survey Staff

Two days training was conducted in Peshawar to train the field survey team to carry out
database collection and GIS based field activies. Initially it was proposed to base field survey on
GPS enabled Android Application. The collection of GPS points during Pilot phase for WSSCM
utility network could not provide the desired result and accuracy level. The problems arised
mainly due to the mobile phone poor internet connectivity in the project area and battery
problem due to the mobile data usage.

Step 5: Android based GPS Field Data Collection

At start, android application having Global Positioning System (GPS) and Google basemap were
proposed to collect WSSCM data. During the piloting in the field, the field survey team faced
issues of poor internet connectivity and android device battery problems due to an automated
online andriod web based monitoring approach.

Immediately after the pilot phase, AID revised the strategy for collection of attributes
information through an online automated android application. The physical location of network
was managed by marking the network lines on the field survey sheet while an online android
app was used to record the assests information as per approved questionaaire. Android
application was designed to create a unique identification number (ID) for each asset recorded
in to the web based management information system. The local staff of WSSCM and PHED were
very helpful in accurately identifying the utility network especially the underground assets. All
point features i.e Tubewell, Overhead reservoir, Filtration plant, Garbage sites & etc were
collected using android GPS coordinates.

Invert Levels
For purposes of baseline, AID has recorded the invert level using following sources;

 ALOS Satellite Digital Elevation Model (DEM)

 NASA Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission DEM
 Google Elevation Points (20,000) and Interpolated DEM
 Topographic Sheet (43 B/4)

All above dataset depicts a similar topographic variation of the WSSCM service area. The depth
of each marked segment of drainage/sewerage at start and end points was recoreded by survey
team. In baseline study, the following approach was used to detremine the invert level

Invert level = Elevation from DEM – Depth of drain/sewer recorded by field monitor

Step 6: Scanning & Georeferencing Survey Sheet

The complete survey sheets were received from field team and converted into the scanned 300
Dots Per Inch (DPI) resolution. Using this process, the scanned field survey sheets were made

30
available in picture format (.jpeg) followed by the conversion into geo-refrenced real world
coordinates system and finally overlaid onto the original Google Satellite basemap imagery.

Step 7: Digitization of Data in GIS

The field data collected on scanned and geo-referenced survey sheets was digitized into GIS
geometry and geocoded attributes data in geo-database. The geo-database has three feature
classes named water supply, drainage and sewerage representing the three network layers in
line format. On the basis of these lines feature classes, a utility network of water supply,
drainage and sewerage network was made using GIS Software. The GIS based utility network
helped to identify and ensure that the lines meet together to form an integrated picture of the
network. The information about garbage collection points, tubewells, overhead reservoirs,
filtration plants and waste water treatment plant was obtained in points form uinsg X,Y
coordinates during the field survey.
Step 8: Field Data Quality Check and Correction
Field data quality control (QC) was critical as all data was in disintegrated form i.e. marked on
survey sheets, uploaded from android application to database and finally digitised into the GIS.
Geocoded IDs in GIS (obtained from field survey sheets) were found to be mismatching in the
database. The major errors arised due to handwriting on survey sheets e.g. using B instead of 8.
Following steps were taken to ensure QC;

 Ensuring lines are geocoded properly

 Identifying Null values and duplicate records from Geodatabase
 Topologically checking the spatial relationships between lines so as to avoid line
discontinuity
 Checking that the line junctions are meeting properly and there are no spaces in
between junctions to form a complete network
 Checking lines are connecting to their corresponding tubewells and overhead reserviors
 Identifying UC name of each line segment of utility network and their corresponding UC
boundary.
Step 9: GIS Dashboard (Visualization)
The final step was to make an online utility network dashboard to display the water supply
network, drainage network, sewerage network, overhead reservoir, tubewells, garbage
collection points, etc. into the web browser so that these can easily be accessed and assessed.
The availability of all the layers of utility network is expected to strengthen the decision making
and infrastructure development in an organized manner. Dashboard was made using open
source softwares. Different layers of utlity network were displayed on the basis of their
attributes i.e functionality, ownership, diameter and other indicators as outlined in the TOR.

GIS Dashboard (3rd Deliverable) has been shared with WSSCM team along with the source code.
The AID team is ready to assist WSSCM while hosting and deployment process and will provide
training as and when needed.

31
3.4. Methodology for Development of Asset Management System (AMS)

The Asset Management System in WSSCM was developed using the following methodology:

Development of
Mobile App and AMS

GIS-Dashboard - Collection of major

Decision making tool attributes of data
for Management through mobile app

Capacity Building of
Data Cleansing of AMS
WSSCM staff

Figure 3.3: Asset Management System

1. Development of Mobile app and AMS: Mobile app was developed on the basis of final
profomas for each category of assets and used in offline mode into the field which
eliminates the network issues immidiately after the pilot run. Collected data through
mobile app was transfered to asset management system.

2. Collection of major attributes of data: The major attributes of each asset were
collected using a mobile application. The major attributes of data information were
based on the approved questionnarie by the WSSCM. The pictures of surveyed assets
were recorded using android applicaion.

3. Data Cleanising of AMS: Assets sheets will be generated through AMS and will be
circulated to all the offices of WSSCM for making necessary corrections and updation of
assets data in ASM.

4. Capacity Building of WSSCM staff: The capacity building session for the relevant users
of the system in WSSCM will be conducted by AID. Moreover, detailed training sessions

32
 will also be conducted at WSSCM and hands on trainings will be conducted for the
capacity building of WSSCM relevant staff.

5. Decision making tool for management: The AMS is proved as a vital tool for decision
making for the top management of WSSCM. The assets reports will be generated
through AMS and will be used for the repair, replacement and upgradation of assets.

The Asset Inventory System i.e. the MIS database (4th deliverable) has been shared with
WSSCM. The AID team is ready to assist WSSCM while hosting and deployment process and will
provide training as and when needed.

The MIS documentation is attached as MIS User Guide in Annex 7.

4.0. Condition Assessment of all Assets

The data analysis activities overlapped with the data collection exercise. Field data being readily
transmitted to the project office via the android-based Management Information System (MIS)
was simultaneously analyzed, organized and inserted in the Google earth based GIS database as
well as the open-source detailed inventory of assets. The GIS database and inventory were
linked to provide real-time updating of data and easy-access for the end-user. The inventory
database was developed to respond to data queries and has a user-friendly interface
highlighting the most relevant information upfront. It also has the flexibility to allow for any
modifications or editing in response to future needs. The inventory database maintains the list
of all assets with all relevant information as per the requirements of the TORs.

The analysis/condition assessment of assets followed a highly organized approach wherein

each infrastructure asset has been designated with a unique ID and analyzed with the help of
clear indicators approved by the client. This unique ID also serves as the “key” for connecting
the asset information in the inventory and GIS map. Each infrastructure component was
examined against these indicators and documented accordingly.

The analysis includes the condition assessment and valuation of all the existing assets related to
WSS, DSS & SWM and is detailed as follows:

4.1. Water Supply System (WSS)

Basic information on water supply network, tube wells, overhead reservoirs and filtration plant
and their conditions were assessed based on guidelines provided by WSSCM. The data was
collected by five (5) number of professional Engineering teams in the designated area under
survey. Each team consisted of one (1) Field Engineer and one (1) Support Engineer.

4.1.1. Current Situation

There are 15 No. distribution networks serving the study area independently. The distribution
system in the entire urban area is old and does not supply adequate water to the end users
except Sheikh Maltoon Township. Multiple tube wells supply water to independent networks
that also serves the areas of adjacent UC. Water shortage issues were addressed by adding
parallel pipelines to the primary system without studying the hydraulic requirements or

33
assessing the transmission or production capability of the system. Such add-ons without proper
planning or hydraulic considerations have made the whole system operate very inefficiently.
The consumers do not get sufficient water and they fulfill their needs from dug wells/self-bores
or booster pumps installed in their houses. Some pipes have been installed above the ground,
across the open drains without sleeve protection which has made these pipelines susceptible to
contamination from wastewater. The other main reason as informed by the locals in some areas
is that the existing TMA water supply line is 30 to 40 years old and its water is of very poor
quality so they prefer their own dug well water. They also complain that a huge network of
water supply was laid along with 34 No. of tube wells in the entire city in 2010-2012 by PHED
but the network is lying idle since then due to administrative and financial issues.

The overall demand of the urban area is summarized as follows:

 There are 36 tube wells owned by WSSCM, 26 tube wells are functional with 156 km
transmission pipe line and the remaining 10 tube wells are either completely abandoned
or have other technical problems.
 In 2010-2012 Public Health Engineering Department (PHED) executed a Megaproject of
36 tube wells along with pipeline network having length of 151Km in Mardan urban
area and these are still non-functional up till now.
 Mardan development authority (MDA) operates and regulates the existing tube wells in
Sheikh Maltoon town ship. There are 11 tube wells out of which 7 are functional that
feeds the area in a close loop system.

34
Figure 4.1: Map of Ownership of WS Network

35
A brief of the current situation in the study area regarding water availability and its quality is as
follows:

Table 4.1: Existing Situation of Water Supply System in Mardan

S. No. Union Council Existing Situation

1 Bijli Ghar  The water is supplied to the settlements of Bijli Ghar one hour for
2 times in a day. The water quality is also poor.
 The water is not enough to fulfill the daily demand of consumers
who make use of self-bores to fulfill their needs.
2 Bagh-e-Irum  The water is available from self-bores though both WSSCM and
PHED lines are laid in the area.
3 Muslimabad  There are no complaints in Muslimabad and Bicket Gunj about
water quality, but the water is deficient. In Baghdada there are
4 Bicket Gunj complaints of water quality as well as deficiency. In Muslim Abad
and Baghdada the water is supplied three times for one hour and
in Bicket Gunj three times for two hours in a day.
5 Baghdada
 In Baghdada and Muslimabad, 40% of the residents extract water
from self-bores.
6 Kas Koroona  In Kas Koroona, there are two water supply networks, the public
health line is new but non-functional while the WSSCM line is old
and not in good condition due to which locals aren’t satisfied
from the quality of water. The water is not potable due to
contamination in the supply line. Mostly local people avail water
from self-bores to fulfill their needs and avoid the water supplied
by the government by disconnecting the lines.
7 Mardan Khas  The water is clean in Mardan Khas and the people are satisfied
from the water quality. The main reason of the satisfaction is that
water is supplied through new PHED pipeline, handed over to
WSSCM. Water is supplied three times for one hour in a day
which is not enough according to their daily demand.
 10% of the people use self-bores for daily use.
8 Par Hoti  In Par Hoti, Guli Bagh, and Rorya the laid pipe lines are non-
9 Guli Bagh functional and the locals demand water supply connections from
the government. They utilize self-bores without knowing the
10 Rorya
quality of water.
11 Bari Cham  Bari Cham water supply is contaminated. The existing WS
network in Bari Cham is very old and required to be replaced
with new one as there is no PHED line provided (See Section
4.1.3.2 for details)
12 Sikandari  A sufficient network has been laid by PHED but is required to be
made functional as there is a small old network of WSSCM which
is of poor quality.
13 Dagai  In Dagai the water is supplied to 50% of the area and the
remaining 50% has self-bore system. Water is clean and sufficient
for their daily use. Therefore, the remaining 50 percent
population (using self-bore) also wants to utilize the network to
use the company water to fulfill their needs. The water is
supplied for 14hrs a day.
14 Hoti  Hoti is also served by both WSSCM and PHED lines. PHED line is
in good condition while the WSSCM water supply line is in poor
condition and quality of water is also poor.

36
  20% of the people here use self-bores for daily needs.
15 Sheikh Maltoon  In Sheikh Maltoon Township, the inhabitants are satisfied from
water quality and the rate of supply.

4.1.2. Water Demand Analysis

Current and projected population based on 3.58% average annual growth rate is summarized in
Table 4.2 below.

Table 4.2: Current and Projected Population in each UC

Annual
Union Population
Growth 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Council in 1998
Rate
Bijli Ghar 16,055 3.58 32,444 33,605 34,808 36,054 37,345 38,682
Bagh Irum 15,575 3.58 31,474 32,600 33,767 34,976 36,228 37,525
Bari Cham 16,712 3.58 33,771 34,980 36,233 37,530 38,873 40,265
Bicket Ganj 15,000 3.58 30,312 31,397 32,521 33,685 34,891 36,140
Baghdada 17,975 3.58 36,323 37,624 38,971 40,366 41,811 43,308
Kas
17,988 3.58 36,350 37,651 38,999 40,395 41,841 43,339
Koroona
Rorya 15,120 3.58 30,554 31,648 32,781 33,955 35,170 36,429
Hoti 23,909 3.58 48,315 50,044 51,836 53,692 55,614 57,605
Par Hoti 15,993 3.58 32,318 33,475 34,674 35,915 37,201 38,533
Mardan
16,366 3.58 33,072 34,256 35,482 36,753 38,068 39,431
Khas
Guli Bagh 14,437 3.58 29,174 30,218 31,300 32,421 33,581 34,784
Muslimabad 19,246 3.58 38,892 40,284 41,726 43,220 44,767 46,370
Sikandar
18,183 3.58 36,744 38,059 39,422 40,833 42,295 43,809
Pur Dilabad
Dagai 15,813 3.58 31,955 33,098 34,283 35,511 36,782 38,099
238,372 481,696 498,941 516,803 535,305 554,469 574,319

The current water available, water demand and demand deficit for each UC is summarized in
Table 4.3 based on the 2018 population given above.

Table 4.3: Current Water Availability and Demand Analysis in each UC

No. of Total Required Water

Union 2018
S. No. Tube Available Demand Deficit
Council Population
Wells Water (m3/d) (m3/d) (m3/d)
1 Bijli Ghar 32444 2 933 6618 5685
2 Bagh Irum 31474 2 933 6421 5488
3 Bari Cham 33771 1 466 6889 6423
4 Bicket Ganj 30312 3 1399 6184 4785

37
 5 Baghdada 36323 4 1866 7410 5544
Kas
6 36350 1 466 7415 6949
Koroona
7 Rorya 30554 0 0 6233 6233
8 Hoti 48315 5 2332 9856 7524
9 Par Hoti 32318 0 0 6593 6593
Mardan
10 33072 3 1400 6747 5347
Khas
11 Guli Bagh 29174 0 0 5951 5951
12 Muslimabad 38892 4 1866 7934 6068
Sikandar
13 36744 0 0 7496 7496
Pur Dilabad
14 Dagai 31955 1 466 6519 6053
TOTAL 481696 26 12127 98266 86139

Population in Mardan during the Year 2018 is shown in Fig 4.2 on next page.

38
Figure 4.2: UC-wise Population of Mardan (2018)

39
The future projected (Year: 2023) water demand and demand deficit for each UC is summarized
in Table 4.4 based on the 2023 population given above.

Table 4.4: Future (2023) Water Availability and Demand Analysis in each UC

No. of Total Required Water

2023
S. No. Union Council Tube Available Demand Deficit
Population
Wells Water (m3/d) (m3/d) (m3/d)
1 Bijli Ghar 38682 2 933 7891 6958
2 Bagh-e-Irum 37525 2 933 7655 6722
3 Bari Cham 40265 1 466 8214 7748
4 Bicket Ganj 36140 3 1399 7373 5974
5 Baghdada 43308 4 1866 8835 6969
6 Kas Koroona 43339 1 466 8841 8375
7 Rorya 36429 0 0 7432 7432
8 Hoti 57605 5 2332 11751 9419
9 Par Hoti 38533 0 0 7861 7861
10 Mardan Khas 39431 3 1400 8044 6644
11 Guli Bagh 34784 0 0 7096 7096
12 Muslimabad 46370 4 1866 9460 7594
Sikandari Pur
13 43809 0 0 8937 8937
Dilabad
14 Dagai 38099 1 466 7772 7306

TOTAL 574319 26 12127 117162 105035

The current population in 2018 of the urban area is 481,696 and the projected population after
5 years is 574,319 in year 2023 (See: Table 4.2).

If we take the daily demand based on 204 lit/capita/day (lpcd), then the current population
requirement will be 98,266 m3/day (204 lit/cap/day is the ultimate target of WSSCM).

The average production of each tube well is 0.013 m3/sec. The available water from the
functional 26 tube wells is 12,127 m3/day (per 10 hours), which is 25 lpcd. The deficit in daily
demand is 86139 m3/day.

In the current situation, the deficit in urban area can be overcome by providing additional 186
tube wells (See: table 3.5). Out of proposed 186 tube wells, 50 non-functional tube wells are
available, out of which 10, 36 and 4 are of WSSCM, PHED and MDA respectively. Ignoring the 4
number tube wells of MDA, this implies that 46 number of Tube wells can be made available and
therefore a total of further 140 new tube wells are required to provide 204 lpcd to the residents
under the 2018 demand conditions.

40
 Table 4.5: Tube wells required under Current Demand Deficit (2018)

Total Capacity of all Demand Capacity of one Number of Tube well

Demand tube well deficit tube well required in 2018
(m3/day) (m3/10 (m3/day) (m3/10 hr/day)
hour/day)

98,266 12,127 86,139 468 184

In the future conditions (2023), the number of tube wells required is derived in Table 4.6 below.

Table 4.6: Tube wells required under Future Demand Deficit (2023)

Total Capacity of all Demand Capacity of one Number of

Demand tube well deficit tube well Tube well
(m3/day) (m3/10 (m3/day) (m3/10 hr/day) required in
hour/day) 2023
117162 12127 105035 468 224

Figure 4.3 on next page shows the projected population for year 2023.

41
Figure 4.3: UC-wise Population of Mardan (2023)

42
4.1.3. Assets of Water Supply System (WSS)

This section of the report will provide the information on the water supply system in the study
area. This includes all the data/information gathered during the baseline survey and the
condition assessment and analysis of all assets for which the data has been collected.

Following are the main components of WSS in Mardan:

 Tube wells
 WS Network (WS Pipelines)
 Overhead Reservoirs (OHR)
 Filtration Plants (FP)

4.1.3.1. Tube wells

Ownership

83 tube wells are located in Mardan city and Sheikh Maltoon Township. These tube wells are
owned by WSSCM, PHED and MDA as shown in below Table 4.7.

Table 4.7: UC-wise Tube well Ownership

Union Council Tube well Ownership

WSSCM PHED MDA
Bagh-e-Irum 3 2 0
Bari Cham 1 0 0
Bicket Gunj 5 0 0
Bijli Gar 2 7 0
Baghdada 4 2 0
Dagai 1 1 0
Guli Bagh 1 5 0
Hoti 6 4 0
Kas Koroona 2 2 0
Mardan Khas 4 2 0
Muslim Abad 6 1 0
Par Hoti 1 4 0
Rorya 0 4 0
Sheikh Maltoon 0 0 11
Sikandari Pur Dilabad 0 2 0
Grand Total 36 36 11

43
Figure 4.4: Map of Tube well Ownership

44
Functionality and Physical Status

There are 83 tube wells out of which 33 are functional and 50 are non-functional, of which 26
functional tube wells belong to WSSCM and 7 functional tube wells is the property of MDA. The
average daily operating hours of the tube wells is 10 hrs. It has been informed that recently new
flow meters are installed by WSSCM in 10 of the tube wells located in different UCs.

There are 50 numbers non-functional tube wells out of which 11 tube wells are without
pump/motor.

Table 4.8: UC-wise Tube well Functionality

Union Council Functionality

Total Yes No
Bagh-e-Irum 5 2 3
Bari Cham 1 1 0
Bicket Gunj 5 3 2
Bijli Gar 9 2 7
Baghdada 6 4 2
Dagai 2 1 1
Guli Bagh 5 0 6
Hoti 10 5 5
Kas Koroona 4 1 3
Mardan Khas 6 3 3
Muslim Abad 7 4 3
Par Hoti 5 0 5
Rorya 4 0 4
Sheikh Maltoon 11 7 4
Sikandari Pur 2 0 2
Dilabad
Grand Total 83 33 50

The detailed physical status of all 83 No. of tube wells including the condition of control panel,
wiring, and floor and roof leakage along with plinth level is presented in Table 4.10.

45
Refer to the following grading criteria for complete understanding of qualitative scores
mentioned in the tube well physical status table that follows.

Table 4.9: Grading Criteria for Mechanical & Electrical Assets

Grade Condition Description

Plant in sound physical condition designed to meet the current standards.
1 Very Good Operable and well-maintained. Asset likely to perform adequately within
routine maintenance for 10 years or more. No work required.
Acceptable physical condition but not designed to current standards, or
showing minor wear. Deterioration has minimal impact on asset
2 Good performance. Minimal short-term failure risk but potential for
deterioration or reduced performance in medium term (5-10 years). Only
minor work required (if any).
Functionally sound plant and components, but showing some wear with
minor failures and some diminished efficiency. Minor components or
isolated sections of the asset need replacement or repair but asset still
functions safely at adequate level of service. For example, bearing and
3 Fair gland wear becoming evident and some corrosion present. Deterioration
beginning to be reflected in performance and higher attendance for
maintenance. Failure unlikely within 2 years but further deterioration
likely and major replacement required within next 5 years. Work required
but asset still serviceable.
Plant and components function but require a high level of maintenance to
remain operational. Likely to cause a marked deterioration in performance
in short-term. Likely need to replace most or all of assets within 2 years. No
4 Poor
immediate risk to health or safety but work required within 2 years to
ensure asset remains safe. Substantial work required in short-term,
asset barely serviceable.
Failed or failure imminent. Plant and component effective life exceeded and
excessive maintenance costs incurred. A high risk of breakdown with a
serious impact on performance. No life expectancy. Health and safety
5 Very Poor
hazards exist which present a possible risk to public safety or the asset
cannot be serviced / operated without risk to personnel. Major work or
replacement required urgently.

46
 Table 4.10: Full Condition Assessment of Tube well Assets

S. Tube well Union Tube well Age of Actual Condition Plinth Condition Condition Delivery Opera- Condition of Condition of
No. Name Council Ownership Asset Discharge of Panel Level of Pump of Pump Pipe -tor Operator Operator
(gallons/sec) Wiring House House Condition House House Floor House Roof
Floor Roof

TW34 Inside
Above
1 School Guli Guli Bagh WSSCM 35 0 Poor Good Good Fair Yes Good Good
Ground
Bagh
TW35 Eid Gah Above
2 Bicket Gunj WSSCM 35 0 NA NA NA NA No FALSE1 FALSE
Abond Ground
TW10 Haji Below
3 Baghdada WSSCM 35 2.85 Fair Fair Poor Good Yes Fair Poor
Koroona Ground
TW33 District Above
4 Muslim Abad WSSCM 40 0 NA Very Poor Very Poor Very Good No FALSE FALSE
Council Abond Ground
TW32 Janabad Above
5 Bagh-e-Irum WSSCM 40 0 NA NA NA Very Good No FALSE FALSE
Abond Ground
TW12 Above
6 Kas Koroona WSSCM 22 0 Fair Good Poor Good No FALSE FALSE
Kaskoroona Ground
TW36 Nehr Below
7 Par Hoti WSSCM 40 0 Very Poor Very Poor Very Good Very Good No FALSE FALSE
Chowk Abond Ground
Above
8 TW4 Eid Gah Bicket Gunj WSSCM 35 0 NA Fair Very Poor Good No FALSE FALSE
Ground
TW14 Pirano Above
9 Mardan Khas WSSCM 40 0 Fair Fair Very Poor Fair No FALSE FALSE
Park Ground
TW24 Dang Above
10 Hoti WSSCM 40 2.725 Good Fair Very Poor Good No FALSE FALSE
Baba Ground
TW16 Faram Above
11 Dagai WSSCM 25 2.75 Very Good Good Fair Good No FALSE FALSE
Koroona Ground
TW31 Dehlay Above
12 Mardan Khas WSSCM 25 3 Good Good Fair Good No FALSE FALSE
Mardan Khas Ground
TW27 Above
13 Muslim Abad WSSCM 35 0 NA Good Fair Good No FALSE FALSE
MurdaKhana Ground
TW29 Town Below
14 Bicket Gunj WSSCM 40 2.42 Good Good Fair Good No FALSE FALSE
hall Ground
TW30 Gaju Above
15 Bicket Gunj WSSCM 40 2.85 Very Good Good Good Good No FALSE FALSE
Khan Ground
TW25 Dang Above
16 Hoti WSSCM 25 2.79 Very Poor Good Very Good Good No FALSE FALSE
Baba Ground
TW28 Gadbano Above
17 Baghdada WSSCM 7 2.85 Good Good Fair Good No FALSE FALSE
Cham Ground
TW8 Sirai Above
18 Baghdada WSSCM 40 2.85 Good Fair Fair Good No FALSE FALSE
Koroona Ground
TW9 Sirai Above
19 Baghdada WSSCM 40 2.85 Good Good Fair Good No FALSE FALSE
Koroona Ground
TW21 Below
20 Hoti WSSCM 40 2.72 Good Good Fair Very Good Yes Good Fair
Sherabad Ground
TW22 Below
21 Hoti WSSCM 24 2.72 Good Very Good Good Good No FALSE FALSE
Sherabad Ground
TW23 Aladad Above
22 Hoti WSSCM 45 2.72 Good Good Fair Good No FALSE FALSE
Khel Ground
TW26 Dang Below
23 Hoti WSSCM 48 2.66 Good Fair Poor Good Yes Fair Fair
Baba Ground
TW20 TMA Above
24 Muslim Abad WSSCM 34 2.85 Fair Fair Poor Good No FALSE FALSE
Office Ground
TW13 Pirano Above
25 Mardan Khas WSSCM 24 2.29 Very Good Good Fair Good No FALSE FALSE
Park Ground
TW15 Pirano Above
26 Mardan Khas WSSCM 35 3.789 Very Good Good Fair Good No FALSE FALSE
Park Ground
TW11 Below
27 Kas Koroona WSSCM 35 2.85 Good Good Good Good No FALSE FALSE
Kaskoroona Ground
TW3 Chato Below
28 Bari Cham WSSCM 28 2.852 Good Fair Good Good Yes Good Good
Dakkhana Ground
TW17 Fire Above
29 Muslim Abad WSSCM 8 2.85 Good Good Good Good No FALSE FALSE
Brigade Ground
TW6 New Above
30 Bijli Gar WSSCM 5 3.01 Good Very Good Very Good Good No FALSE FALSE
Adda Ground
TW7 New Below
31 Bijli Gar WSSCM 35 3.01 Very Good Poor Good Good No FALSE FALSE
Adda Ground
Above
32 TW1 Janabad Bagh-e-Irum WSSCM 20 2.852 Very Good Poor Good Very Good Yes NA Good
Ground
TW18 Karvan Below
33 Muslim Abad WSSCM 33 2.852 Fair Very Poor Fair Good No FALSE FALSE
Road Ground

1 Denotes that there is no asset

47
 S. Tube well Union Tube well Age of Actual Condition Plinth Condition Condition Delivery Opera- Condition of Condition of
No. Name Council Ownership Asset Discharge of Panel Level of Pump of Pump Pipe -tor Operator Operator
(gallons/sec) Wiring House House Condition House House Floor House Roof
Floor Roof

TW19 District Above

34 Muslim Abad WSSCM 8 2.85 Very Good Good Good Very Good No FALSE FALSE
Council Ground
TW5 PHED Above
35 Bicket Gunj WSSCM 5 2.852 Very Good Good Very Good Good No FALSE FALSE
Office Ground
Above
36 TW2 Janabad Bagh-e-Irum WSSCM 8 2.85 Very Good Very Good Poor Good Yes Fair Good
Ground
TW37_Masjid
Sikandari Above
37 Eid Gah PHE 8 0 NA NA NA Good No FALSE FALSE
Pur Dilabad Ground
Sikandari
TW38_Zaristan Above
38 Muslim Abad PHE 5 0 Fair Fair Good Good No FALSE FALSE
Colony Ground
TW39_Haider Above
39 Kas Koroona PHE 8 0 NA NA NA NA No FALSE FALSE
Road Ground
TW40_Toru
Above
40 Mayar near Guli Bagh PHE 2 0 Good Good Good Good Yes Good Good
Ground
Gulibagh
TW41_Canal Above
41 Bijli Gar PHE 8 0 Good Good Good Good No FALSE FALSE
Road Bijli Gar Ground
TW42_Khora Above
42 Rorya PHE 8 0 NA Very Good NA NA No FALSE FALSE
Banda Ground
TW43_PiranoP Above
43 Mardan Khas PHE 8 0 NA NA NA Good No FALSE FALSE
ark PHE Ground
TW44_Jalar Above
44 Hoti PHE 8 0 Good Good Good Good No FALSE FALSE
Colony Ground
TW45_Shareef Above
45 Bijli Gar PHE 10 0 Good Good Good Good No FALSE FALSE
Abad Bijli Gar Ground
TW46_Baghwa Sikandari Above
46 PHE 8 0 Good Good Good Good No FALSE FALSE
nan Mohalla Pur Dilabad Ground
TW47_Mustafa Above
47 Dagai PHE 8 0 Good Very Poor Good Good No FALSE FALSE
Abad Ground
TW48_Ghazna
Above
48 wi Colony Bijli Bijli Gar PHE 8 0 Good Fair Good Good No FALSE FALSE
Ground
Gar
TW49_Nadra
Above
49 Road Ethbar Bijli Gar PHE 8 0 NA NA NA NA No FALSE FALSE
Ground
khan town
TW50_Canal Below
50 Bijli Gar PHE 8 0 Good Good Good Good No FALSE FALSE
Road Guli Bagh Ground
TW51_Majid
Above
51 Town Guli Guli Bagh PHE 8 0 Good Fair Good Good No FALSE FALSE
Ground
Bagh
TW52_Landak Above
52 Guli Bagh PHE 8 0 Good Good Good Good No FALSE FALSE
ay2 Ground
TW53_Landak Above
53 Guli Bagh PHE 8 0 NA Fair Good Fair No FALSE FALSE
ay1 Ground
TW54_Rorya Above
54 Rorya PHE 8 0 Good Very Good Good Good No FALSE FALSE
Jadeed Ground
TW55_Rorya Above
55 Rorya PHE 8 0 Good Fair Good Good No FALSE FALSE
Qadeem Ground
TW56_Shahi Below
56 Guli Bagh PHE 26 0 NA Very Poor Very Poor Very Poor No FALSE FALSE
Bagh Ground
TW57_Ishaqab
Above
57 ad Street2, Bijli Gar PHE 4 0 Good Good Good Good No FALSE FALSE
Ground
Janabad
TW58_Tooti Above
58 Hoti PHE 8 0 Good Good Good Good No FALSE FALSE
Park Ground
TW59_Faram Above
59 Par Hoti PHE 30 0 NA Good Good NA Yes Fair Good
Koroona Ground
TW60_Canal Above
60 Par Hoti PHE 8 0 Good Good Fair Good No FALSE FALSE
Road Par Hoti Ground
TW61_Anwar Above
61 Par Hoti PHE 8 0 Good Good Good Good No FALSE FALSE
Sher Hujra Ground
TW62_Azam Above
62 Rorya PHE 12 0 Good Very Good Fair Good Yes Very Good Very Good
Khan Kor Ground
TW63_Rustum Above
63 Mardan Khas PHE 8 0 Poor Good Very Good Good No FALSE FALSE
Khel Ground
TW64_Kacha Above
64 Par Hoti PHE 6 0 Good Good Fair Good No FALSE FALSE
Sadak Ground
TW65_Muham Above
65 Hoti PHE 5 0 Good Good Very Good Good No FALSE FALSE
ad Khel Park Ground
66 TW66_DangBa Hoti PHE 8 0 Poor Above Fair Good NA No FALSE FALSE

48
 S. Tube well Union Tube well Age of Actual Condition Plinth Condition Condition Delivery Opera- Condition of Condition of
No. Name Council Ownership Asset Discharge of Panel Level of Pump of Pump Pipe -tor Operator Operator
(gallons/sec) Wiring House House Condition House House Floor House Roof
Floor Roof

ba_PHE Ground
TW67_Hujra
Kass Above
67 Mushtaq PHE 8 0 Good Good Good Good No FALSE FALSE
Koroona Ground
SaeedAbad
TW68_Nazarbo
Above
68 stan Haji Baghdada PHE 8 0 Good Good Good Good No FALSE FALSE
Ground
House
TW69_Fazal
Above
69 Colony Bijli Bijli Gar PHE 7 0 Good Good Good Good No FALSE FALSE
Ground
Ghar
TW70_KochiAb Above
70 Bagh-e-Irum PHE 7 0 Good Good Good Good No FALSE FALSE
ad Ground
TW71_MajidAb Above
71 Bagh-e-Irum PHE 7 0 Good Good Fair Good No FALSE FALSE
ad Baghi Irum Ground
TW72_Haji Above
72 Baghdada PHE 7 0 Good Good Good Good No FALSE FALSE
KoroonaPHE Ground
TW73_Sector E Sheikh Above
73 MDA 1 0 NA NA NA NA No FALSE FALSE
Park NonF Maltoon Ground
TW74_Sector_ Sheikh Above
74 MDA 10 0 Very Poor Good Good Good No FALSE FALSE
G Maltoon Ground
TW75_Sector H Sheikh Above
75 MDA 25 3.11 Good Good Good Good Yes Good Good
Ph1 Maltoon Ground
TW76_Sector R Sheikh Above
76 MDA 8 3.11 Good Good Good Good Yes Good Good
Phase 2 Maltoon Ground
TW77_Sector T
Sheikh Below
77 outside MDA 8 0 NA NA Very Poor NA No FALSE FALSE
Maltoon Ground
boundary
TW78_Sector E
Sheikh Above
78 Muhammadab MDA 8 3.11 Good Good Very Good Good Yes Good Good
Maltoon Ground
ad Pattak
Sheikh Above
79 TW79_Sector A MDA 8 3.12 Good Very Good Very Good NA No FALSE FALSE
Maltoon Ground
TW80_Sector Sheikh Above
80 MDA 35 0 NA Fair Good NA No FALSE FALSE
Q2 Non-Funct Maltoon Ground
TW81_Sector Sheikh Above
81 MDA 15 3.12 Good Fair Fair Good Yes Good Fair
Q1 functional Maltoon Ground
TW82_Sector T
Complex Sheikh Above
82 MDA 18 3.11 Good Good Good Good Yes Good Good
Hospital Maltoon Ground
backside
TW83_MDA Sheikh Above
83 MDA 10 3 Very Good Good Good Fair No FALSE FALSE
Sector F Maltoon Ground

All the functional/non-functional tube wells within Mardan city are marked as illustrated in Figure 4.5 on next page.

49
Figure 4.5: Functional/Non-Functional Tube wells

50
Source of Power at Tube wells

The source of power is PESCO. Out of 83 tube wells, 16 are shared with community. There are
53, 26 and 4 number tube wells with 25KVA, 50KVA and 100KVA transformers respectively.

Table 4.11: UC-wise Tube well Power Supply Condition

Union Council Source of Power Transformer Transformer Load Independent

Functionality Transformer
PESCO Solar Yes No KVA Yes No
100 25 50
Baghi Irum 5 0 2 3 0 4 1 4 1
Bari Cham 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
Bicket Gunj 5 0 3 2 1 3 1 4 1
Bijligar 9 0 2 7 1 7 1 7 2
Baghdada 6 0 4 2 0 4 2 6 0
Dagai 2 0 1 1 0 1 1 2 0
Guli Bagh 6 0 0 6 0 6 0 3 3
Hoti 10 0 5 5 0 5 5 8 2
Kas Koroona 4 0 1 3 0 3 1 3 1
Mardan Khas 6 0 3 3 2 2 2 4 2
Muslim Abad 7 0 4 3 0 5 2 5 2
Par Hoti 5 0 0 5 0 4 1 5 0
Rorya 4 0 0 4 0 4 0 4 0
Sheikh 11 0 7 4 0 3 8 9 2
Maltoon
Sikandari Pur 2 0 0 2 0 2 0 2 0
Dilabad
Grand Total 83 0 33 50 4 53 26 67 16

Energy consumption at Tube wells

Total monthly average bills of water supply for the current year 2018 is Rupees 1797201/- and
the total average monthly units are 110,444 as shown in Table 4.12 below.

Table 4.12: Tube well Energy Consumption

Tube Well Name Union Council Average Approx. Power

Electricity Bill Consumption
(in PKR) (in Units)
Janabad TW1 Bagh-e-Irum 32362 6707

Janabad TW2 Bagh-e-Irum 63458 3481

Chato Dakkhana TW3 Bari Cham 80696 5660

Town hall TW29 Bicket Gunj 100289 5660

Gaju Khan TW30 Bicket Gunj 86356 4927

51
 PHED Office TW5 Bicket Gunj 56974 3371

New Adda TW6 Bijli Gar 32362 1875

New Adda TW7 Bijli Gar 39672 2247

TW18_Haji Koroona Baghdada 37976 2883

PHE
Sirai Koroona TW8 Baghdada 70746 3948

Sirai Koroona TW9 Baghdada 68520 2883

Faram Koroona TW16 Dagai 105618 5345

Dang Baba TW24 Hoti 112271 6429

Sherabad TW21 Hoti 91579 5215

Sherabad TW22 Hoti 41782 2323

Aladad Khel TW23 Hoti 70410 3993

Dang Baba TW26 Hoti 67508 3840

Kaskoroona TW11 Kas Koroona 111012 5675

Dehlay Mardan Khas Mardan Khas 21980 1105

TW31
Pirano Park TW13 Mardan Khas 71891 4301

Pirano Park TW15 Mardan Khas 156728 8819

TMA Office TW20 Muslim Abad 35910 2059

Fire Brigade TW17 Muslim Abad 108217 6446

Karvan Road TW18 Muslim Abad 90214 5108

District Council TW19 Muslim Abad 42670 6144

Total 1797201 110444

52
Figure 4.6: WS Network Pipelines based on Tube well connected

53
4.1.3.2. Water Supply Network

Most of the pipelines in the water supply networks appear to be buried in the pavements or
roads and streets. Therefore, it was difficult to judge the availability and condition of the pipe
segment in the street or road. To obtain accurate data, Assistant Manager WSSCM provided the
relevant staff to guide AID teams. Under the guidance of WSSCM field staff, AID field survey
teams collected the information of pipelines that weren’t observable.

Length of Pipelines

The following Table 4.13 shows the WS network length of each union council. These values are
obtained as a result of combined effort of field staff and GIS team. The field surveyors had drawn
the WS lines on hardcopy of survey sheets. The hardcopy sheets were then geo-referenced in
ArcGIS and the lines on those sheets were digitized by GIS team. As a result, accurate network
lengths have been obtained on map.

Table 4.13: UC-wise Pipeline Length

Union Council Total Length (meters)

MDA PHED WSSCM
Bagh-e-Irum 0 14449 5205
Bari Cham 0 0 14900
Bicket Gunj 0 0 16927
Bijli Gar 0 17849 9340
Baghdada 0 720 24225
Dagai 0 8133 8752
Guli Bagh 0 14174 5073
Hoti 0 19341 23868
Kas Koroona 0 15704 9999
Mardan Khas 0 1891 12071
Muslim Abad 0 2308 28652
Par Hoti 0 23663 0
Rorya 0 10598 0
Sheikh Maltoon 61686 0 0
Sikandar Pur
0 22882 148
Dilabad
Grand Total 61686 151712 159159

Table 4.14: Pipeline Length Distribution according to Ownership

Ownership Total length (m) Functional Length (m)

WSSCM 159159 147318
PHED 151712 2986
MDA 61686 60545
Total 372557 208057

54
The map in Figure 4.7 depicts the complete water supply network of Mardan city.

Figure 4.7: Water Supply Network of Mardan City

55
 Diameter of Pipelines

Diameter of pipelines in relation with length and ownership (MDA, PHED, WSSCM) is given in Table 4.15 below. Pipeline diameter in each UC is illustrated on map in Figure 4.8 on next page.

Table 4.15: UC-wise summary of Pipeline Lengths and Diameters

Total Length (m) Pipeline Length (m) Acc/to Diameter of Pipe (inches)

Union Council WSSCM PHED MDA

MDA PHED WSSCM

1” 1.5” 2” 3” 4” 6” 8” 10” 12” 1” 2” 3” 4” 6” 8” 3” 4” 6” 8” 10”

Bagh-e-Irum 0 14449 5205 187 243 1719 1083 1973 0 0 0 0 9 8485 1633 3277 1045 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bari Cham 0 0 14900 810 0 4347 4838 2318 2587 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bicket Gunj 0 0 16927 307 135 4389 9827 1363 905 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bijli Gar 0 17849 9340 149 1389 1208 2116 2421 760 736 560 0 0 8131 1917 3528 4273 0 0 0 0 0 0

Baghdada 0 720 24225 640 0 14733 2787 2400 3665 0 0 0 0 35 685 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dagai 0 8133 8752 0 0 2563 1035 3667 959 528 0 0 0 3571 747 2875 939 0 0 0 0 0 0

Guli Bagh 0 14174 5073 110 0 1583 2073 723 585 0 0 0 0 3907 6050 2066 2021 131 0 0 0 0 0

Hoti 0 19341 23868 48 230 8685 6917 4850 2619 519 0 0 1050 5090 5235 2091 2782 3093 0 0 0 0 0

Kas Koroona 0 15704 9999 43 764 1321 5065 1633 210 814 0 148 0 1415 8290 2629 2346 1025 0 0 0 0 0

Mardan Khas 0 1891 12071 46 0 4726 2306 2777 2215 0 0 0 0 1062 572 248 9 0 0 0 0 0 0

Muslim Abad 0 2308 28652 0 1148 6497 7503 7954 4530 350 0 670 0 0 883 368 1058 0 0 0 0 0 0

Par Hoti 0 23663 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 5853 3287 8556 4424 1404 0 0 0 0 0

Rorya 0 10598 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5285 2747 1495 1072 0 0 0 0 0 0

Sheikh
61686 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 38329 10749 11667 764 178
Maltoon

Sikandari Pur
0 22882 148 0 0 0 148 0 0 0 0 0 0 3882 8155 7361 3485 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dilabad

Grand Total 61686 151712 159159 2341 3908 51771 45699 32079 19036 2947 560 818 1199 46716 40199 34492 23454 5652 38329 10749 11667 764 178

56
Figure 4.8: Water Supply Network Pipeline Diameter

57
 Material of Pipeline

The material of pipe in relation with pipeline length and ownership (MDA, PHED, WSSCM) given in below Table 4.16.

Table 4.16: UC-wise Length of Pipe Material

Total Length Material of Pipe

Union Council MDA PHED WSSCM

MDA PHED WSSCM
Asbestos GI Asbestos GI HDPE Asbestos GI HDPE
Bagh-e-Irum 0 14449 5206 0 0 193 14256 0 1681 2035 1490
Bari Cham 0 0 14900 0 0 0 0 0 0 14900 0
Bicket Gunj 0 0 16927 0 0 0 0 0 0 16927 0
Bijli Gar 0 17849 9340 0 0 0 17849 0 3317 6023 0
Baghdada 0 720 24225 0 0 0 720 0 0 24225 0
Dagai 0 8133 8752 0 0 0 8133 0 0 8752 0
Guli Bagh 0 14174 5073 0 0 0 11954 2220 0 5073 0
Hoti 0 19341 23868 0 0 9045 5004 5292 0 23868 0
Kas Koroona 0 15704 9999 0 0 0 15116 588 2176 3148 4675
Mardan Khas 0 1891 12071 0 0 0 1891 0 0 12071 0
Muslim Abad 0 2308 28652 0 0 0 2308 0 4518 23935 199
Par Hoti 0 23663 0 0 0 0 23663 0 0 0 0
Rorya 0 10598 0 0 0 0 7994 2604 0 0 0
Sheikh Maltoon 61686 0 0 60960 726 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sikandar Pur Dilabad 0 22882 148 0 0 177 22705 0 0 148 0
Grand Total 61686 151712 159159 60960 726 9415 131540 10704 11692 140651 6364

58
The map in Figure 4.9 depicts the material-wise distribution of pipes in each UC.

Figure 4.9: Water Supply Network Pipeline Material

59
Functionality & Physical Status

The below Figure 4.10 depicts the networks that are functional in each UC.

Figure 4.10: Functional/Non-Functional WS Pipelines

60
 Functionality (YES/NO) of water supply network pipelines within each UC for each of the three
owners (MDA, PHED & WSSCM) is summarized in below Table 4.17.

Table 4.17: Network Functionality according to Ownership

Ownership Functionality (length in meters)

Union
MDA PHED WSSCM MDA PHED WSSCM
Council
Total Length (meters) No Yes No Yes No Yes
Bagh-e-
0 14449 5205 0 0 13859 591 447 4758
Irum
Bari
0 0 14900 0 0 0 0 1396 13504
Cham
Bicket
0 0 16927 0 0 0 0 0 16927
Gunj
Bijli Gar 0 17849 9340 0 0 17849 0 0 9340
Baghdada 0 720 24225 0 0 720 0 2678 21547
Dagai 0 8133 8752 0 0 8133 0 376 8376
Guli Bagh 0 14174 5073 0 0 14174 0 1559 3514
Hoti 0 19341 23868 0 0 19341 0 70 23798
Kas
0 15704 9999 0 0 15704 0 0 9999
Koroona
Mardan
0 1891 12071 0 0 1891 0 0 12071
Khas
Muslim
0 2308 28652 0 0 2308 0 5167 23485
Abad
Par Hoti 0 23663 0 0 0 23663 0 0 0
Rorya 0 10598 0 0 0 8202 2396 0 0
Sheikh
61686 0 0 1141 60545 0 0 0 0
Maltoon
Sikandar
Pur 0 22882 148 0 0 22882 0 148 0
Dilabad
Grand
61686 151712 159159 1141 60545 148726 2986 11841 147318
Total

The condition assessment/physical status of all pipelines in water supply network of Mardan
city is detailed according to ownership + pipe length, according to overall length of pipe
networks and according to ownership of pipe networks.

Refer to “Grading Criteria for Mechanical and Electrical Assets” in Table 4.9 for complete
understanding of qualitative scores mentioned in “Full Condition Assessment of WS Network
Pipelines” in Table 4.18, “Overall Condition Assessment of WS Network according to Pipeline
Length” in Table 4.19 and “Condition Assessment of WS Network according to Ownership” in
Table 4.20 on next pages.

61
 Table 4.18: Full Condition Assessment of WS Network Pipelines

Total Length (meters) Pipeline Condition

WSSCM PHED MDA

Union Council
MDA PHED WSSCM Very Very Very Very
Fair Good NA Poor Fair Good NA Poor Fair Good NA Poor Very Good Very poor
Good poor Good Poor

Bagh-e-Irum 0 14449 5205 0 489 4112 0 604 0 0 3646 9545 0 1205 53 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bari Cham 0 0 14900 457 14182 140 122 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bicket Gunj 0 0 16927 0 14113 1444 243 1126 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bijli Gar 0 17849 9340 0 0 9310 0 31 0 0 689 16472 0 688 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Baghdada 0 720 24225 0 23848 317 0 60 0 0 0 720 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dagai 0 8133 8752 971 7724 0 57 0 0 1474 5914 745 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Guli Bagh 0 14174 5073 234 4839 0 0 0 0 0 2451 9814 1908 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hoti 0 19341 23868 510 23093 70 118 77 0 0 1426 0 7396 0 10519 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kas Koroona 0 15704 9999 7521 732 0 1746 0 0 2885 12231 0 588 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mardan Khas 0 1891 12071 241 2994 8836 0 0 0 233 51 1608 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Muslim Abad 0 2308 28652 1419 23990 3181 62 0 0 317 1521 0 471 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Par Hoti 0 23663 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 117 17942 3489 711 1404 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rorya 0 10598 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 305 0 7859 2434 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sheikh Maltoon 61686 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60764 423 0 499 0
Sikandari Pur
0 22882 148 0 148 0 0 0 0 0 3594 19288 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dilabad
Grand Total 61686 151712 159159 11352 116151 27410 2348 1898 0 5332 49466 69540 13507 3296 10573 0 60764 423 0 499 0

62
 Table 4.19: Overall Condition Assessment of WS Network

Union Total % of % of % of % of % of % of
Council Length of Networks Networks Networks Networks Networks Networks
Pipe in Very in Good in Fair in Poor in Very in Not
Networks Good Condition Condition Condition Poor Applicable
Condition Condition Condition
Bagh-e-Irum 17629 17629 0% 23% 0% 0% 0%
Bari Cham 14416 14416 0% 95% 3% 1% 0%
Bicket Gunj 16086 16086 2% 87% 0% 2% 0%
Bijli Gar 27290 27290 0% 5% 0% 0% 0%
Baghdada 24882 24882 0% 96% 0% 0% 0%
Dagai 16596 16596 0% 82% 13% 0% 0%
Guli Bagh 19108 19108 0% 37% 1% 10% 0%
Hoti 43026 43026 0% 57% 1% 17% 25%
Kas Koroona 26005 26005 0% 50% 41% 9% 0%
Mardan
13871
Khas 13871 0% 21% 3% 0% 0%
Muslim
31168
Abad 31168 0% 83% 6% 2% 0%
Par Hoti 23973 23973 6% 75% 0% 3% 0%
Rorya 10673 10673 0% 0% 3% 24% 0%
Sheikh
61598
Maltoon 61598 0% 99% 0% 0% 0%
Sikandari
23030
Pur Dilabad 23030 0% 16% 0% 0% 0%
Grand Total 369351 369351 1% 61% 5% 4% 3%

Table 4.20: Condition Assessment of WS Network according to Ownership

Ownership Total % of % of % of % of % of % of
Length of Networks Networks Networks Networks Networks Networks
Pipe in Very in Good in Fair in Poor in Very in Not
networks Good Condition Condition Condition Poor Applicable
Condition Condition Condition
MDA 61598 0.17% 99.15% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.69%
WSSCM 156539 0.26% 73.60% 7.25% 1.50% 0.00% 17.38%
PHED 151215 0.94% 33.16% 3.53% 8.95% 7.04% 46.39%
Total 369351 0.52% 61.30% 4.52% 4.30% 2.88% 26.47%

63
 Pipeline Physical Location (Above or below ground)

UC wise pipeline placement (above/below ground) is shown in below Table 4.21.

Table 4.21: Above Ground and Below Ground Pipe Lengths

Total Length Location (m)

Union MDA PHED WSSCM
Council MDA PHED WSSCM Above Below Above Below Above Below
Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground Ground
Bagh-e-Irum 0 14449 5205 0 0 979 13470 52 5153
Bari Cham 0 0 14900 0 0 0 0 1434 13466
Bicket Gunj 0 0 16927 0 0 0 0 221 16705
Bijli Gar 0 17849 9340 0 0 19 17830 0 9340
Baghdada 0 720 24225 0 0 0 720 0 24225
Dagai 0 8133 8752 0 0 880 7253 2195 6556
Guli Bagh 0 14174 5073 0 0 0 14174 0 5073
Hoti 0 19341 23868 0 0 284 19057 1937 21932
Kas Koroona 0 15704 9999 0 0 2998 12706 508 9490
Mardan Khas 0 1891 12071 0 0 359 1532 726 11344
Muslim Abad 0 2308 28652 0 0 0 2308 573 28079
Par Hoti 0 23663 0 0 0 0 23663 0 0
Rorya 0 10598 0 0 0 394 10204 0 0
Sheikh
61686 0 0 0 61686 0 0 0 0
Maltoon
Sikandari Pur
0 22882 148 0 0 0 22882 0 148
Dilabad
Grand Total 61686 151712 159159 0 61686 5913 145800 7647 151512

Figure 4.11 on next page illustrates the water supply pipeline assets that are visible/observable
on ground and the non-observable WS pipeline due to its below ground placement.

64
Figure 4.11: Above Ground (Observable) & Below Ground (Non-Observable) Pipelines

65
WS Line passing along drains

Some WS Network pipelines are located unfavorably because these lines are passing along
drains. This setting can affect the quality of drinking water in water supply pipelines passing
from near the drainage line, especially if there are any dents or leakages. These critically
situated pipelines are marked in Figure 4.12 given on next page.

66
Figure 4.12: Pipelines passing along the Drain

67
Water Supply Connections

Household connectivity survey for residential and commercial consumers is summarized in below Table 4.22. The table shows functional and non-
functional connections.

Table 4.22: Existing Connections w.r.t. Functional & Non-Functional Pipelines

No. of Residential &

Functional Non-Functional
Total No. of Commercial Connections
S. No. Union Council
Connections
MDA PHED WSSCM Residential Commercial Residential Commercial

1 Bagh-e-Irum 328 0 191 137 134 0 177 17

2 Bari Cham 948 0 0 948 933 15 0 0
3 Bicket Gunj 1528 0 0 1528 1382 146 12 0
4 Bijli Gar 160 0 12 148 136 12 39 0
5 Baghdada 1494 0 0 1494 1412 43 7 0
6 Dagai 367 0 7 360 347 13 11 0
7 Guli Bagh 119 0 11 108 108 0 2 0
8 Hoti 1082 0 2 1080 1065 15 2 0
9 Kas Koroona 114 0 2 112 108 4 42 3
10 Mardan Khas 854 0 45 809 760 49 0 0
11 Muslim Abad 889 0 0 889 882 7 3 0
12 Par Hoti 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 0
13 Rorya 81 0 81 0 45 0 36 0
14 Sheikh Maltoon 2775 2775 0 0 2763 12 0 0
15 Sikandari Pur Dilabad 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Grand Total 10742 2775 354 7613 10075 316 331 20

68
The leakage points in water supply pipelines are given in below Table 4.23.

Table 4.23: Leakage Points in WS Pipelines

Leakage Points
UC Name
Total Leakage Points MDA PHED WSSCM

Bagh-e-Irum 0 0 0 0
Bari Cham 12 0 0 12
Bicket Gunj 5 0 0 5
Bijli Gar 0 0 0 0
Baghdada 0 0 0 0
Dagai 4 0 0 4
Guli Bagh 7 0 6 1
Hoti 13 0 0 13
Kas Koroona 8 0 0 8
Mardan Khas 7 0 2 5
Muslim Abad 7 0 3 4
Par Hoti 0 0 0 0
Rorya 0 0 0 0
Sheikh Maltoon 0 0 0 0
Sikandari Pur Dilabad 0 0 0 0
Grand Total 63 0 11 52

Below Table 4.24 shows the number of connections required and the connections to residential
consumers in Mardan city.

Table 4.24: WS Connections required by Households in Mardan

Union Council Projected/Existi No. of No of Balance

ng House Holds Residential
Population Consumers 3
(2018)2
Bagh-e-Irum 31474 3934 311 3623
Bari Cham 33771 4221 933 3288
Bicket Gunj 30312 3789 1394 2395
Bijli Gar 32444 4055 175 3880
Baghdada 36323 4540 1419 3121
Guli Bagh 29174 3647 110 3537

2 These are projected population figures obtained from WSSCM Assistant Manager Mustafa Kamal based
on growth rate of 3.58%.
3 This Data is taken from current BASELINE SURVEY OF MARDAN

69
Kas Koroona 36350 4544 150 4394
Mardan Khas 33072 4134 760 3374
Muslim Abad 38892 4861 885 3976
Par Hoti 32318 4040 0 4040
Rorya 30554 3819 81 3738
Sikandari Pur
36744 4593 0 4593
Dilabad
Dagai 31955 3994 358 3636
Hoti 48315 6039 1067 4972
Grand Total 481696 60212 7643 52569

In the above Table 4.24, the UC wise projected population of 2018 and household size of 84 has
been taken to numerate the current households and the figures of number of residential
consumers has been taken from the current BASELINE SURVEY statistics. The numbers indicate
huge gap in the current demand and supply situation. This gap can be minimized immediately
by making the PHED lines and tube wells functional.

Figure 4.13 on next page depicts the WS Network total identified connections.

4 The value of 8 has been assumed as an average household size

70
Figure 4.13: WS Network Pipelines based on Number of Connections

71
4.1.3.3. Over Head Reservoir (OHR)

Number, Location and Functionality

There are 14 OHRs which were surveyed. 11 OHRs are located in different parts of the Mardan
urban area and 3 OHRs are located in Sheikh Maltoon Township. The functionality of OHRs is
depicted in Figure 4.14 on next page.

72
Figure 4.14: Functional/Non-Functional OHRs

73
Storage Capacity of OHRs

Storage capacity of nine (09) OHRs is 100,000 gallons and four (04) are 50,000 gallons.

Table 4.25: Storage Capacity of OHR with respect to UC and Ownership

Union Council Ownership Number of Storage Capacity

OHR (Gallons)
Bicket Gunj WSSCM 2 100000 + 50000
Bagh-e-Irum WSSCM 1 100000
Baghdada WSSCM 1 50000
Guli Bagh WSSCM 1 100000
Hoti WSSCM 1 100000
Kas Koroona WSSCM 1 100000
Mardan Khas WSSCM 1 100000
Muslimabad WSSCM 1 50000
Par Hoti WSSCM 2 100000 + 100000
Sheikh Maltoon MDA 3 100000 + 100000 + 50000

74
Figure 4.15: Storage Capacity of OHRs

75
Physical Status and General Attributes

Refer to the following grading criteria in Table 4.26 for complete understanding of qualitative
scores given against assets mentioned in the Table 4.27 that follows.

Table 4.26: Condition Grading System for Building Assets

Condition Description
Very Good Fabric constructed with sound materials, true to line and level. No evidence
of deterioration or discolouration.
Good Showing minor wear and tear and minor deterioration of surfaces.

Fair Appearance affected by minor cracking, staining, or minor leakage.

Indications of breaches of weather proofing. Minor damage to coatings.
Fabric damaged, weakened or displaced. Appearance affected by cracking,
Poor staining, overflows, or breakages. Breaches of weather proofing evident.
Coatings in need of heavy maintenance or renewal.
Fabric is badly damaged or weakened. Appearance affected by cracking,
Very Poor staining, overflows, leakage, or damage. Breaches of waterproofing.
Coatings badly damaged or non-existent.

76
 Table 4.27: Full Condition Assessment on General Attributes of OHRs

S.NO Tube well UC Name Age Functionality Storage Height Ladders Ladders Beams Columns Slab Condition Delivery Rising Overall Visible
Name of Capacity (meters) inside of pipe - Main - condition Leakage
Asset the ladders Condition Condition of the (if any)
Reservoir OHR
TW_SM6_Sector Sheikh
1 15 No 50000 15.24 Workable Yes Good Good Fair Good Good Good Good Yes
R Phase 2 Maltoon
TW_SM9_Sector Sheikh
2 23 Yes 100000 23 Workable Yes Fair Good Good Good Good Good Good No
H Ph1 Maltoon
Dang Baba
3 Hoti 40 No 100000 19.81 Workable Yes Poor Poor Fair Good Good Good Poor No
TW24
Kaskoroona Kas
4 40 Yes 100000 19.81 Workable Yes Fair Fair Fair Good Good Good Fair No
TW11 Koroona
Sirai Koroona Not
5 Baghdada 42 Yes 50000 23 No Good Good Fair Poor Good Good Good No
TW8 Workable
TW11_Faram Not
6 Par Hoti 35 No 100000 23 No Poor Poor Poor Fair Fair Good Poor Yes
Koroona Workable
Nehr Chowk Not
7 Par Hoti 45 No 100000 18.29 No Fair Good Poor Fair Fair Fair Poor Yes
abond TW36 Workable
District Council Muslim
8 32 Yes 50000 23 Workable Yes Good Good Fair Good Good Good Good No
TW19 Abad
9 Janabad TW2 Bijli Gar 40 Yes 100000 19.81 Workable No Poor Good Fair Good Good Good Poor Yes
Pirano Park Mardan
10 38 Yes 100000 19.81 Workable Yes Fair Good Fair Good Good Good Fair No
TW13 Khas
PHED Office Bicket
11 40 Yes 100000 18.29 Workable Yes Poor Good Fair Good Fair Good Fair Yes
TW5 Gunj
Gaju Khan Gaju
12 40 Yes 50000 19.81 Workable No Good Good Good Good Good Good Good No
TW30 Khan
TW_SM3_Sector Sheikh
13 40 Yes 100000 23 Workable Yes Good Good Good Fair Good Good Good No
A Maltoon
TW43_Inside Not
14 Guli Bagh 35 No 100000 23 Yes Fair Good Good Poor Good Good Good No
Guli Bagh Workable

77
Out of thirteen (13) OHRs, six (06) are in good condition, three (03) are fair and four (04) are in
poor condition. Five (05) No. of OHRs have leakage, three (03) of them are in poor condition,
and remaining one (01) no. each is in fair and good condition. (See Figure 4.16 on next page)

During observations, it was found that eleven (11) OHRs are between the age limit of 30 and 60
years and two (02) are 15 and 23 years old respectively. It was also found that nine (09) OHRs
are functional and four (04) are non-functional.

Illustration of OHRs in Surrounding Context

Separate large scale plans for each of the 14 reservoir sites, showing the boundary fence/wall,
any buildings within the compound, pipe runs; both above and below ground, valves and valve
chambers are attached as Annex 8.

78
Figure 4.16: Leakage in OHRs

79
4.1.3.4. Filtration Plants (FP)

Number, Location and Ownership

In the study area there are fifteen (15) filtration plants out of which thirteen (13) are surveyed. The
remaining 2 filtration plants could not been accessed because of dispute among the local people and
unavailability of entrance key. Out of 15 filtration plants, twelve (12) belong to CDWA and
remaining 3 are the property of MDA.

Figure 4.17 on next page illustrates full details on number, location and ownership of filtration
plants in Mardan city.

80
Figure 4.17: Ownership of Filtration Plants

81
Capacity

The capacity of filtration plants (in gallons) with respect to UC and ownership is shown in below
Table 4.28.

Table 4.28: Capacity of FP w.r.t. Ownership

Union Council/Name Ownership No. of FPs Capacity

(gallons)
Bagh-e-Irum CDWA 1 500
Bicket Gunj CDWA 3 500+500+500
Bijli Gar CDWA 1 500
Dagai CDWA 1 0
Guli Bagh CDWA 1 500
Kas Koroona CDWA 1 500
Mardan Khas CDWA 1 500
Par Hoti CDWA 1 500
Sheikh Maltoon WSSCM 3 500+500+500
Sikandari Pur Dilabad CDWA 1 500
Muslimabad CDWA 1 500

Functionality

Out of the total FPs in the survey area, 3 are functional and 12 are non-functional as shown in the
Figure 4.18 on next page.

82
Figure 4.18: Functional/Non-Functional Filtration Plants

83
FP Condition and General Attributes

Only three (03) filtration plants are functional and located in Sheikh Maltoon. The number of years
of installation of plants ranges from 7 to 10 years. Most of the FPs are in good condition but still
non-functional.

The power supply is available to only six (06) FPs. No platform is provided for collection of water in
Par Hoti. The plinth level is below ground in Bijli Ghar and Sikandari Pur Dilabad.

Drainage of all filtration plants is acceptable except Mardan Khas and Par Hoti.

Refer to the grading criteria and condition assessment of building assets outlined in Table 4.26 for
complete understanding of ratings against general attributes of FPs in Table 4.29 on next page.

84
 Table 4.29: Full Condition Assessment on General Attributes of Filtration Plants

S. No. Union Locality Ownership Capacity Age of Functionality Type Condition Drainage Plinth Power Platform for No. of
Council (Gallons) Asset Level Supply Users Taps
Masonry Above
1 Bicket Gunj Eid Gah CDWA 500 10 No Fair Adequate No Available 6
Structure Ground
Masonry Above
2 Bicket Gunj Rescue office CDWA 500 10 No Good Adequate No Available 6
Structure Ground
Tanky Street Gaju Above
3 Bicket Gunj CDWA 500 11 No Prefabricated Good Adequate Yes Available 0
Khan Ground
Below
4 Bijli Gar Tanky street Janabad CDWA 500 9 No Prefabricated Good Adequate Yes Available 7
Ground
Faram Koroona
Above
5 Dagai Muhammad Quraish CDWA 0 1 No Prefabricated Good Adequate No Available 0
Ground
Mohalla
Kas Gul bhar 2 Kas Above
6 CDWA 500 1 No Prefabricated Very Good Adequate No Available 6
Koroona Koroona Ground
Mardan Above
7 Piranoo park CDWA 500 10 No Prefabricated Good Blocked Yes Available 6
Khas Ground
Islamabad colony part Above
8 Par Hoti CDWA 500 9 No Prefabricated Good Blocked No Unavailable 0
hotel never Chowk Ground
Sheikh Sector R sheikh Masonry Above
9 MDA 500 6 Yes Good Adequate Yes Available 4
Maltoon Maltoon Structure Ground
Sheikh Sector G park Sheikh Masonry Above
10 MDA 500 8 Yes Good Adequate Yes Available 5
Maltoon Maltoon Structure Ground
Sheikh MDA office Sheikh Masonry Above
11 MDA 500 10 Yes Good Adequate Yes Available 5
Maltoon Maltoon Structure Ground
Sirki high school Below
12 Sikandari CDWA 500 12 No Prefabricated Good Adequate No Available 6
Sikandari Ground
Inside school near
Above
13 Guli Bagh Qabristan, near Shahi CDWA 500 8 No Prefabricated Good Adequate No Unavailable 0
Ground
Bagh
Bagh-e- Above
14 Majidabad CDWA 500 8 No Prefabricated Good Adequate No Unavailable 0
Irum Ground
Muslim Masonry Below
15 District Council CDWA 500 12 No Fair Adequate No Available 2
Abad Structure Ground

The A0 sized large scale map of all assets of WSS is attached as Annex 9 of this report.

85
4.2. Waste Water System

Basic information on drains, sewers, wastewater treatment plants and outfall structures and
their conditions was assessed based on guidelines provided by WSSCM. The data was collected
by eight (8) number of professional Engineering teams in the designated area under survey.
Each team consisted of one (1) Field Engineer and one (1) Support Engineer.

4.2.1. Current Situation

The existing drainage systems serving the WSSCM jurisdiction area are mostly a combined
system that conveys domestic and commercial wastewater along with surface runoff during rain
events.

The details are as follows:

Drains - Wastewater is mostly conveyed by open or covered drains except for a very small
portion of the system that is being served by underground sewers. The drains serve as the
primary, secondary and tertiary (collection) conveyance and collection segments through most
of the study area. The cross-section of the primary and secondary drains are mostly rectangular
and trapezoidal in limited numbers and mostly constructed in PCC and brick masonry with
plaster facing inside.

Trunk Sewers - Trunk sewers that were built to convey flows from the tertiary / secondary
system segments are mostly clogged and their manholes, after being used as a repository for
solid waste, are not currently physically visible on the ground except for few lines. Most of such
sewerage system is currently out of use due to their continuous neglect and poor maintenance.

Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) - The existing two wastewater treatment plants
(WWTP) within the jurisdiction are not operational. Therefore, the wastewater flow from the
city is being directly discharged into, irrigation canals, ravines, khawars, agricultural land and
rivers, thereby polluting the environment and inflicting health hazards.

Outfall Structures - The outfall discharge points of the sewers and drains do not have properly
designed structures and are connected to the receiving water bodies through haphazard
unlined kacha or very poor pacca sections. The main receiving body of the wastewater is
Kalpani that passes through the study area and discharge into agricultural fields and River
Kabul thus causing environmental destruction and health hazards.

86
Figure 4.19: Distribution of Main Drains in Mardan

87
4.2.2. Assets of Waste Water System

This section of the report will provide the information on the wastewater system in the study
area. This includes all the data/information gathered during the baseline survey and the
condition assessment and analysis of all assets for which the data has been collected.

Following are the main components of the wastewater system in Mardan:

 Drains
 Trunk Sewers
 Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs)
 Outfalls

4.2.2.1. Drains

Field condition and assessment surveys were carried out for the drains to identify the following
characteristics and parameters:

1. Drains Network
2. Total length of drains in each UC
3. Function of drain (sewerage, storm water, combined)
4. Proportion of drains that are covered and uncovered.
5. Shape of the drains (Rectangular, semi parabolic and Trapezoidal)
6. Width of drains
7. Material of drains (PCC, brick, RCC, etc.)
8. Drain Classification by flow (blocked, full flow, partial flow)
9. Mode of Outfalls (open field, ravine, canal, etc.)
10. Encroachments on drains
11. Damage classification (damaged or not damaged)
12. Overall physical condition of drains

 Drains Network: The overall layout of the drains network in the study area (Mardan) is
given in Figure 4.20 on next page.

88
Figure 4.20: Drains Network Layout of Mardan

89
 Elevations: Figure 4.21 below shows the general elevations in the study area.

Figure 4.21: Elevation Gradient Profile of Mardan

90
 Length of Drains: The total length of the drainage system in the survey area is 488 KM
and Table 4.30 provides a breakdown of the lengths of drains in each UC.

Table 4.30: Total Length of Drains in each UC

UC Name Total Length (meters)

Bagh-e-Irum 56019
Bari Cham 13754
Bicket Gunj 17682
Bijli Gar 39849
Baghdada 42517
Dagai 30377
Guli Bagh 30074
Hoti 26549
Kas Koroona 14263
Mardan Khas 20775
Muslim Abad 42784
Par Hoti 38042
Rorya 47126
Sheikh Maltoon 32877
Sikandari Pur Dilabad 26126
Grand Total 478814

 Function of Drains: Drains are operating as either for wastewater, or combined (both
wastewater and storm water). A breakdown of the drains with respect to their type of
function in each UC is provided in Table 4.31 and Figure 4.22 on next pages.

91
 Table 4.31: Function-wise Classification of Drains in each UC

Percentage Table of Drain's Width

Total Length % of Not
UC % of Combined
(m) Wastewater Combined Observable
Wastewater Drain
Drain
Bagh-e Irum 56019 9505 9.78% 46514 12.26% 0
Bari Cham 13754 3330 3.43% 10082 2.66% 341
Bicket Gunj 17682 3398 3.50% 12835 3.38% 1449
Bijli Gar 39849 6400 6.58% 33436 8.81% 13
Baghdada 42517 10941 11.26% 31554 8.32% 22
Dagai 30377 7591 7.81% 22786 6.01% 0
Guli Bagh 30074 8914 9.17% 21160 5.58% 0
Hoti 26549 8216 8.45% 18333 4.83% 0
Kas Koroona 14263 897 0.92% 13326 3.51% 40
Mardan Khas 20775 5571 5.73% 14929 3.94% 274
Muslim Abad 42784 11852 12.19% 30932 8.15% 0
Par Hoti 38042 4767 4.90% 33275 8.77% 0
Rorya 47126 9204 9.47% 37871 9.98% 51
Sheikh Maltoon 32877 1671 1.72% 31162 8.21% 45
Sikandari Pur
26126 4939 5.08% 21186 5.58% 0
Dilabad
Grand Total 478814 97198 100.00% 379381 100.00% 2235
Percentage 100.00% 20.30% 79.23% 0.47%

92
Figure 4.22: Classification of Drains by Functionality in each UC

93
 Covered/Uncovered Drains: Drains are either constructed as covered or open
(uncovered) drains. 15.71% of the drains are covered and 84.29% are open drains. A
breakdown of the drains with respect to covered and open drains in each UC is provided
in Table 4.32 and Figure 4.23.

Table 4.32: Classification of Covered and Open Drains in each UC

Total Length Drain Type

S. No. UC Name
(meters) Covered Open
1 Bagh-e-Irum 56019 4514 51506
2 Bari Cham 13754 4621 9133
3 Bicket Gunj 17682 7322 10360
4 Bijli Gar 39849 7000 32849
5 Baghdada 42517 5911 36606
6 Dagai 30377 2904 27473
7 Guli Bagh 30074 1648 28426
8 Hoti 26549 2895 23653
9 Kas Koroona 14263 11017 3246
10 Mardan Khas 20775 8453 12322
11 Muslimabad 42784 3703 39081
12 Par Hoti 38042 6205 31837
13 Rorya 47126 1585 45541
14 Sheikh Maltoon 32877 1034 31843
15 Sikandari Pur
26126 7388 18738
Dilabad
Grand Total 478814 76200 402614
Percentage 100.00% 15.91% 84.09%

94
Figure 4.23: Classification of Covered and Open Drains in each UC

95
  Shape of Drains: Drains are either rectangular, semi parabolic or trapezoidal in shape
and their respective percentages are 84.02%, 0.26% and 10.77%. A breakdown of the
drains with respect to the shape of the drains in each UC is provided in Table 4.33 and
Figure 4.24.

Table 4.33: Shape Classification of Drains in each UC

Total Section Type (meters)

S. No. UC Name Length Semi- Not
Other Rectangular Trapezoidal Observable
(meters) Parabolic
1 Bagh-e-Irum 64364 6532 42970 321 6195 0
2 Bari Cham 13356 0 13132 0 281 341
3 Bicket Gunj 17225 167 15862 0 281 1372
4 Bijli Gar 42587 336 36446 0 3053 13
5 Baghdada 44171 2155 37199 176 2965 22
6 Dagai 29048 1054 28249 145 930 0
7 Guli Bagh 31396 1478 24510 27 4060 0
8 Hoti 26295 700 24368 0 1481 0
9 Kas Koroona 14551 62 13352 0 809 40
Mardan
10 19905 359 19927 0 215 274
Khas
Muslim
11 41821 38 35134 0 7612 0
Abad
12 Par Hoti 39334 2061 29475 233 6272 0
13 Rorya 45264 4341 33690 272 8773 51
Sheikh
14 32688 750 28967 0 3115 45
Maltoon
Sikandari
15 25980 410 20510 0 5205 0
Pur Dilabad
Grand Total 487985 20442 403792 1174 51247 2159
Percentage 100% 4.27% 84.33% 0.25% 10.70% 0.45%

96
Figure 4.24: Shape Classification of Drains in each UC

97
  Width of Drains: The width of the drains varies from 0.5 ft. to 30 ft. A breakdown of the drains with respect to the width of the drains in
each UC is provided in Table 4.34 and Figure 4.25.

Table 4.34: Width Classification of Drains in each UC

Drain Width
Total
UC Name Length 2 to 4 to 6 to
Not 0.1 to 1 to 1.9 3 to 8 to 12 14 to 25 to 30
(meters) 2.9 5.99 7.99
Observable 0.9 (ft.) (ft.) 3.9 (ft.) (ft.) 20 (ft.) (ft.)
(ft.) (ft.) (ft.)
Bagh-e-Irum 56019 112 9394 20330 12129 6377 4719 1237 612 512 599
Bari Cham 13754 341 3330 7245 1107 360 1370 0 0 0 0
Bicket Gunj 17682 1449 3398 7056 2577 3022 179 0 0 0 0
Bijli Gar 39849 28 6385 17494 10503 3018 953 895 0 0 573
Baghdada 42517 22 10941 17131 9274 4748 292 0 108 0 0
Dagai 30377 0 7591 12434 6870 3042 439 0 0 0 0
Guli Bagh 30074 0 8914 12962 4023 912 1783 707 772 0 0
Hoti 26549 0 8216 14799 2058 192 1169 113 0 0 0
Kas Koroona 14263 40 897 7356 3395 2504 71 0 0 0 0
Mardan Khas 20775 692 5154 7854 2603 4472 0 0 0 0 0
Muslim Abad 42784 0 11852 21519 4250 779 2454 1930 0 0 0
Par Hoti 38042 0 4767 19147 9147 3258 1192 0 532 0 0
Rorya 47126 51 9204 21744 4165 4855 2214 2694 2121 78 0
Sheikh
32877 45 1671 18645 4822 2137 2219 1178 864 1297 0
Maltoon
Sikandari Pur
26126 0 4939 16439 3565 1010 172 0 0 0 0
Dilabad
Grand Total 478814 2779 96654 222153 80492 40686 19226 8756 5010 1887 1172
Percentage 100.00% 0.58% 20.19% 46.40% 16.81% 8.50% 4.02% 1.83% 1.05% 0.39% 0.24%

98
Figure 4.25: Width Classification of Drains in each UC

99
 Depth of Drains: The depth of drains range from 2.5 ft. to 22 ft.

Figure 4.26: Depth of Drains in each UC

100
  Material of Drains: The material of the drains and walls consists of PCC, brick, RCC, or Kacha (unlined) drains. Of the total drains, 77% are
made of PCC, 15% brick, 1% RCC while 6% are Kacha Drains. A breakdown of the drains with respect to the material used in the construction
of drains in each UC is provided in Table 4.35 and Figure 4.27.

Table 4.35: Material of Drains in each UC

Total Wall Material (m)

UC Name
Length (m) Kacha % Kacha PCC %PCC RCC %RCC Brick % Brick Unobservable
Bagh-e-Irum 56019 7716 28.28% 44359 12.00% 244 4.38% 3700 4.99% 0
Bari Cham 13754 0 0.00% 10481 2.84% 30 0.54% 2902 3.91% 341
Bicket Gunj 17682 169 0.62% 9763 2.64% 31 0.57% 6255 8.43% 1464
Bijli Gar 39849 361 1.32% 31785 8.60% 1567 28.14% 6123 8.25% 13
Baghdada 42517 3190 11.69% 31253 8.46% 1038 18.65% 7013 9.45% 22
Dagai 30377 1858 6.81% 25130 6.80% 252 4.53% 3137 4.23% 0
Guli Bagh 30074 2342 8.59% 24747 6.70% 357 6.41% 2628 3.54% 0
Hoti 26549 304 1.11% 22891 6.19% 98 1.76% 3256 4.39% 0
Kas Koroona 14263 0 0.00% 7498 2.03% 0 0.00% 6724 9.06% 40
Mardan Khas 20775 102 0.37% 14445 3.91% 57 1.03% 5896 7.95% 274
Muslim Abad 42784 462 1.69% 39917 10.80% 370 6.65% 2035 2.74% 0
Par Hoti 38042 2150 7.88% 31927 8.64% 138 2.47% 3827 5.16% 0
Rorya 47126 6858 25.14% 37908 10.26% 1385 24.88% 924 1.25% 51
Sheikh Maltoon 32877 1331 4.88% 15428 4.18% 0 0.00% 16073 21.67% 45
Sikandari Pur
26126 438 1.60% 22000 5.95% 0 0.00% 3688 4.97% 0
Dilabad
Grand Total 478814 27281 100.00% 369533 100.00% 5567 100.00% 74182 100.00% 2250
Percentage 100.00% 5.70% 77.18% 1.16% 15.49% 0.47%

101
Figure 4.27: Material of Drains in each UC

102
Kacha drains require immediate construction as it is also a source of inundation during rainy
season and badly affect the stability of adjacent roads and buildings foundation

 Drain Classification by Flow: Drains have either full flow or partial flow which impacts
it’s functioning for the intended purpose of conveying the sewerage and/or storm water
flows to the receiving water bodies or treatment plants.
Out of 487,985-meter drains, 29% is free flow (i.e. flow without any hindrances) while
71% is partial flow. Although none of the drains are completely blocked, the survey
shows that de-silting and cleaning of drains has not been carried out regularly which has
resulted in substantial clogging of drains. Most of the residents throw their solid waste
in drains resulting in clogging of drains flow which require regular cleaning by WSSCM.
There is need for intensive programs through Nazims/media or other social
organizations for public awareness and to encourage residents to avoid throwing their
solid waste into drains.
A breakdown of the drains with respect to the flow classification in each UC is provided
in Table 4.36 and Figure 4.28.

Table 4.36: Drain Classification according to Flow Type

Flow Condition (m)

Total Length
UC Name % Free Partially % Partial
(m) Free
flow UC operational flow UC
flow
wise flow wise
Bagh-e Irum 56019 16537 11.92% 39483 11.61%
Bari Cham 13754 1338 0.96% 12415 3.65%
Bicket Gunj 17682 11250 8.11% 6432 1.89%
Bijli Gar 39849 13745 9.91% 26104 7.67%
Baghdada 42517 10656 7.68% 31861 9.37%
Dagai 30377 6578 4.74% 23799 7.00%
Guli Bagh 30074 5754 4.15% 24320 7.15%
Hoti 26549 10603 7.65% 15945 4.69%
Kas Koroona 14263 3729 2.69% 10534 3.10%
Mardan Khas 20775 6930 5.00% 13845 4.07%
Muslim Abad 42784 12475 8.99% 30309 8.91%
Par Hoti 38042 8843 6.38% 29199 8.58%
Rorya 47126 9611 6.93% 37515 11.03%
Sheikh Maltoon 32877 16855 12.15% 16023 4.71%
Sikandari Pur
26126 3786 2.73% 22339 6.57%
Dilabad
Grand Total 478814 138691 100.00% 340123 100.00%
Percentage 100.00% 28.97% 71.03%

103
Figure 4.28: Drain Classification according to Flow Type

104
 Mode of Outfall for the Drains: The mode of outfall observed for the drains range from
open fields, canals, and ravine areas. The drains outfall to the fields in the urban area
during rainy seasons which is creating inundation and resulting in a lot of
environmental and health related problems to the residents. Immediate connectivity is
required with other drains/ravine to provide relief to the residents.
A breakdown of the drains with respect to the mode of outfall in each UC is provided in
Table 4.37 and Figure 4.29.

Table 4.37: Drain Classification by Mode of Outfall in each UC

Union Council Outfall to Outfall Outfall Outfall Outfall Other Total

Open to to to Sewer to
Field Ravine Drain Line Canal
Bagh-e-Irum 57 9 531 0 0 1 598
Bari Cham 1 1 202 0 0 2 206
Bicket Gunj 2 0 173 0 0 2 177
Bijli Gar 8 19 346 1 6 12 392
Baghdada 21 10 611 0 0 1 643
Guli Bagh 18 8 502 0 1 1 530
Kas Koroona 42 0 258 0 0 2 302
Mardan Khas 13 17 346 0 0 0 376
Muslim Abad 4 20 88 0 0 0 112
Par Hoti 3 24 239 0 0 2 268
Rorya 8 4 524 0 1 0 537
Sikandari Pur
29 11 403 1 1 5 450
Dilabad
Dagai 34 2 458 0 0 1 495
Hoti 1 0 152 3 0 1 157
Sheikh Maltoon 7 26 229 0 0 0 262
Total 248 151 5062 5 9 30 5505
Percentage 57 9 531 0 0 1

105
Figure 4.29: Drain Classification by mode of outfall in each UC

106
 Encroachment on Drains: There are 4% Encroachments in the entire city but some
UCs like Bagh-e-Irum, Dagai, Mardan Khas, Muslim Abad and Rorya have more
encroachments. The current drive by the Government for removal of encroachments is
the best opportunity available for its removal.
A breakdown of the drains with respect to encroachments in each UC is provided in
Table 4.38 and Figure 4.30.

Table 4.38: Drain Classification w.r.t. Encroachment of Drains

Encroachment (meters)
Total Length
UC Name %
(m)
No Yes Encroached
UC wise
Bagh-e-Irum 56019 54568 1452 7.02%
Bari Cham 13754 13754 0 0.00%
Bicket Gunj 17682 16238 1444 6.99%
Bijli Gar 39849 38722 1127 5.46%
Baghdada 42517 41253 1264 6.12%
Dagai 30377 26592 3785 18.32%
Guli Bagh 30074 28996 1078 5.22%
Hoti 26549 26234 314 1.52%
Kas Koroona 14263 13664 599 2.90%
Mardan Khas 20775 17542 3233 15.64%
Muslim Abad 42784 40656 2128 10.30%
Par Hoti 38042 36980 1062 5.14%
Rorya 47126 44088 3038 14.70%
Sheikh Maltoon 32877 32736 141 0.68%
Sikandari Pur
26126 26126 0 0.00%
Dilabad
Grand Total 478814 458148 20666 100.00%
Percentage 100.00% 95.68% 4.32%

107
Figure 4.30: Drain Network Encroachment in each UC

108
 Damaged Drains: The drains were classified on the basis of any damage found in the
field survey. The survey found that most of the drains are not damaged with only 4%
damaged drains that require immediate reconstruction.
The location of the damaged drains in each UC is provided in Table 4.39 and Figure 4.31.

Table 4.39: Breakdown of Damaged Drains in each UC

Damaged Drain (meters)

Total Length
UC Name % Damaged
(meters) No Yes
UC wise
Bagh-e-Irum 56019 53108 2911 13.68%
Bari Cham 13754 13754 0 0.00%
Bicket Gunj 17682 17407 275 1.29%
Bijli Gar 39849 37810 2039 9.58%
Baghdada 42517 41004 1513 7.11%
Dagai 30377 29694 683 3.21%
Guli Bagh 30074 28323 1750 8.22%
Hoti 26549 25843 705 3.31%
Kas Koroona 14263 14114 149 0.70%
Mardan Khas 20775 19910 865 4.07%
Muslim Abad 42784 41056 1729 8.12%
Par Hoti 38042 37439 602 2.83%
Rorya 47126 45436 1691 7.94%
Sheikh Maltoon 32877 26902 5975 28.07%
Sikandari Pur
26126 25728 398 1.87%
Dilabad
Grand Total 478814 457528 21286 100.00%
Percentage 100.00% 95.55% 4.45%

109
Figure 4.31: Location of Damaged Drains in each UC

110
 Overall Physical Condition of Drains: The drains were classified on the basis of the
overall physical condition of the drains as found in the field survey. The overall physical
condition of the drains is good with about 10-11% in poor condition. Maximum of the
poor/very poor condition drains are in UC Bagh-e-Irum, Bijli Ghar, Baghdada, Dagai, Guli
Bagh, Par Hoti, Rorya and Sheikh Maltoon which require repair /rehabilitation.
The wastewater condition grading criteria for condition rating is given in Table 4.40
below.

Table 4.40: Condition Grading Criteria for Drains

Water & Wastewater Networks Condition Rating

Rank Rating Description
1 Very Good Only normal maintenance required. No failures.
Complies with engineering standards.
2 Good Minor maintenance required (5%). Few failures.
Few areas not complying with engineering standards.
3 Fair Significant maintenance required (10-20%). Failures
beginning to occur.
Significant areas not complying with engineering standards.
4 Poor Significant renewal / upgrade required (20- 40%).
Regular failures occurring and significant corrosion.
Increased operating costs resulting. Many must be replaced.
5 Very Poor Over 50% of asset requires replacement. Significant failures
and should be substantially reconstructed.

Table 4.41 on next page shows the breakdown and classification of drains with respect
to their overall physical condition.

111
 The overall physical condition of drains as per above grading criteria is given below.

Table 4.41: Condition Assessment of Drains in each UC

Physical Condition
Total
UC Name Length Observable
Very Very Not
(m) Good Fair Poor but
Good Poor Observable
Covered
Bagh-e-Irum 56019 2026 21246 18656 7215 3996 2880 0
Bari Cham 13754 34 5145 6870 274 0 1089 341
Bicket Gunj 17682 0 14339 1328 76 0 475 1464
Bijli Gar 39849 275 23787 9746 1911 1026 3091 13
Baghdada 42517 770 16465 18859 3629 1201 1571 22
Dagai 30377 148 11517 13915 3553 845 398 0
Guli Bagh 30074 550 14867 9889 2618 1726 424 0
Hoti 26549 591 15776 8274 851 49 1008 0
Kas Koroona 14263 95 9342 2212 1217 0 1356 40
Mardan Khas 20775 57 8839 6311 1939 336 3019 274
Muslim Abad 42784 3109 21618 14039 821 91 3106 0
Par Hoti 38042 338 21325 10963 2347 845 2224 0
Rorya 47126 886 27825 11293 4392 2301 380 51
Sheikh Maltoon 32877 135 16351 8421 5016 2452 459 45
Sikandari Pur
26126 334 14133 7560 49 706 3344 0
Dilabad
Grand Total 478814 9348 242575 148337 35908 15573 24822 2250

Figure 4.32 on next page classifies drains with respect to their overall physical condition.
The A0 sized large scale map of drainage network is attached as Annex 10 of this report.

112
Figure 4.32: Classification of Drains w.r.t. Overall Physical Condition

113
4.2.2.2. Sewers

The total length of sewer line laid across Mardan is 84548m with bulk of the sewer line located
in Sheikh Maltoon Township. Majority of the sewer in urban area of Mardan is unobservable
because the manholes are covered in concrete pavement or asphalt pavement. There are four
networks of sewer line laid in Mardan located in Dagai, Bicket Gunj, Bagh-e-Irum and Sheikh
Maltoon. The age of sewer line varies from 1 year to 35 years. The sewer diameter varies from
9” to 48”.

There are five trunk sewers with 48” dia pipes that passes through different parts of Mardan as
explained below:

i. One trunk sewer originates from New Adda Bijli Ghar passing through Bagh-e-Irum,
Sheikh Maltoon, industrial state and terminates at Murdara Kandha Rashakai with total
length of 6578m
ii. Second trunk sewer start from College Chowk passes through Shamsi road, taking turn
from Chato Chowk and falls at Rorya WWTP with total length of 4580m
iii. Third originates from Dang baba Hoti and terminates at Kalpani with total length of
1000m
iv. Fourth one is located in Sikandari and falls into Kalpani.
v. Fifth is located in Dagai and falls in Kalpani

114
Figure 4.33: Trunk Sewers

115
 Table 4.42: Functionality in relation to Length of Sewer Line

Functionality (m)
Total Sewer
UC Name
line Length (m) No % Yes %

Bagh-e- Irum 8009 123 0.3% 7887 11.8%

Bari Cham 3735 2845 7.3% 890 1.3%
Bicket Gunj 3812 2371 6.1% 1440 2.2%
Bijli Gar 1344 0 0.0% 1344 2.0%
Dagai 2153 747 1.9% 1406 2.1%
Guli Bagh 5858 4307 11.0% 1551 2.3%
Hoti 1611 0 0.0% 1611 2.4%
Kas Koroona 746 0 0.0% 746 1.1%
Mardan Khas 1849 0 0.0% 1849 2.8%
Muslim Abad 2066 578 1.5% 1487 2.2%
Rorya 1353 0 0.0% 1353 2.0%
Sheikh 71748 28167 72.0% 43581 65.4%
Maltoon
Sikandari Pur 1461 0 0.0% 1461 2.2%
Dilabad
Grand Total 105744 39139 100.0% 66605 100.0%
Percentage 100% 37% 63%

Table 4.43: Observability of Manholes

UC Name Manhole Observable (Numbers)

Grand Sewer Outfall other
No Yes
Total than manhole
Bagh-e- Irum 227 168 2 57
Bari Cham 107 107 0 0
Bicket Gunj 98 80 0 18
Bijli Gar 28 22 6 0
Dagai 23 7 12 4
Guli Bagh 186 186 0 0
Hoti 37 32 3 2
Kas Koroona 3 1 1 1
Mardan Khas 56 50 3 3
Muslim Abad 32 32 0 0
Rorya 43 39 3 1
Sheikh Maltoon 2492 1680 793 19
Sikandari Pur Dilabad 24 0 0 24
Grand Total 3356 2404 823 129
Percentage

116
Figure 4.34: Functionality of Sewerage Network

117
 Table 4.44: Age of Sewers

Total Age of Sewer line (Years)

UC Name Length of
Sewer line 1 3 6 8 9 10 15 20 22 25 28 30 32 35 40
Bagh-e-Irum 8009 0 0 0 0 0 5071 156 0 0 0 0 0 0 2783 0
Bari Cham 3735 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 114 2139 0 0 1482 0 0 0
Bicket Gunj 3812 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1796 1267 52 0 0 0 0 696
Bijli Gar 1344 0 0 0 0 457 0 0 0 0 124 0 0 0 763 0
Dagai 2153 0 0 0 0 0 2153 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Guli Bagh 5858 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5858 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hoti 1611 0 0 1001 0 0 0 0 0 378 0 0 0 231 0 0
Kas Koroona 746 0 0 0 0 0 746 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mardan Khas 1849 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1406 286 157
Muslim Abad 2066 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 578 0 0 0 0 1487 0
Rorya 1353 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1353 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sheikh Maltoon 71748 24263 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 46303 25 0 0 1136 0
Sikandari Pur 1461 0 0 0 464 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 997
Dilabad
Grand Total 105744 24263 22 1001 464 457 7970 156 1910 11575 46478 25 1482 1637 6455 1850

118
 Table 4.45: Manhole Cover Type and Material

Manhole Cover Manhole Cover Material

Total Sewer Sewer
UC Name Outfall Precast Outfall
Number Covered Uncovered Other Steel
other than (RCC) other than
manhole manhole
Bagh-e-Irum 227 170 0 57 0 169 1 57
Bari Cham 107 107 0 0 0 107 0 0
Bicket Gunj 98 80 0 18 0 79 1 18
Bijli Gar 28 28 0 0 1 19 8 0
Dagai 23 19 0 4 16 0 2 5
Guli Bagh 186 186 0 0 0 186 0 0
Hoti 37 34 1 2 22 11 1 3
Kas Koroona 3 2 0 1 2 0 0 1
Mardan Khas 56 53 0 3 40 8 5 3
Muslim Abad 32 32 0 0 2 30 0 0
Rorya 43 42 0 1 0 42 0 1
Sheikh Maltoon 2492 2358 115 19 14 2364 11 103
Sikandari Pur Dilabad 24 0 0 24 0 0 0 24
Grand Total 3356 3111 116 129 97 3015 29 215

119
Figure 4.35: Covered and Uncovered Manholes in Sewerage Network

120
 Table 4.46: Diameter of Sewer Line

Total Diameter (m)

UC Name Length of
Sewer line 9 % 12 % 15 % 18 % 21 % 24 % 30 % 36 % 48 %
Bagh-e-Irum 8009 0 0.0% 37 0.1% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 5190 31.1% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 2783 18.9%
Bari Cham 3735 0 0.0% 1281 3.8% 0 0.0% 1564 20.8% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 890 6.0%
Bicket Gunj 3812 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 2801 37.3% 0 0.0% 52 0.3% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 959 6.5%
Bijli Gar 1344 0 0.0% 124 0.4% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 457 29.4% 0 0.0% 763 5.2%
Dagai 2153 116 0.5% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 466 6.2% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 1095 70.6% 0 0.0% 475 3.2%
Guli Bagh 5858 0 0.0% 3391 10.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 1053 6.3% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 1414 9.6%
Hoti 1611 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 231 1.4% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 1380 9.3%
Kas Koroona 746 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 746 5.1%
Mardan Khas 1849 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 1406 8.4% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 442 3.0%
Muslim Abad 2066 0 0.0% 578 1.7% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 1487 10.1%
Rorya 1353 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 1353 9.2%
Sheikh Maltoon 71748 23177 99.5% 28457 84.0% 5378 100.0% 2676 35.7% 686 100.0% 8753 52.5% 0 0.0% 1485 100.0% 1136 7.7%
Sikandari Pur
1461 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 1461 9.9%
Dilabad
Grand Total 105744 23294 100.0% 33868 100.0% 5378 100.0% 7506 100.0% 686 100.0% 16685 100.0% 1552 100.0% 1485 100.0% 14755 100.0%

The map showing different diameters of sewer lines is shown in Figure 4.36 on next page.

The A0 sized large scale map of Sewerage Network is attached as Annex 11 of this report.

121
Figure 4.36: Diameter of Sewer Lines

122
Figure 4.37: Outfall of Sewerage Network

123
4.2.2.3. Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTP)

Provision of drains and underground sewers along the streets and roads to dispose of sewage
away from the urban areas is equally significant in creating a clean and healthy environment in
the city. Mardan abounds in natural streams and manmade irrigation channels flowing through
the city and its suburbs and these streams and channels are currently being used for the
disposal of raw sewage generated in the city, thereby polluting city environment. Sewage
treatment is a step by step removal of pollutants contained in the sewage until the required
effluent discharge standards are met. In Pakistan, National Environmental Quality Standards
(NEQS) defines the standards to be met for discharging sewage in the natural water bodies with
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical oxygen Demand (COD) and Total Suspended
Solids (TSS) as the priority parameters governing the municipal sewage with discharge limits of
80 mg/l, 150 mg/l and 150 mg/l respectively.

 Treatment Technology: The technology used for treatment of sewage is basic and
simple technology based on the natural process. The information was gathered from the
personnel responsible for the execution of the plant. The sewage is retained in series
ponds for certain period of time and natural degradation helps to consume the harmful
content by microbes. Microbe is a microscopic organism and can be multicellular or
single celled and include bacteria, protozoa and some fungi and algae. Microbe can be
found in every type of environment and play a crucial role in system. This is the same
technology used in homes for sewage treatment called septic tank and soakage pit but
with difference of size, use of oxygen and sunshine.

Sewage enters first pond called anaerobic pond. Here it stays for seven days. After seven
days it overflows to second aerobic series ponds called facultative ponds. After 13 days
with the facultative pond overflows, it enters maturation pond. In this manner the
sewage is treated and discharges out to the adjacent drains. Its most dangerous contents
are removed by the microbes and heavy content settle down to the bottom of the ponds.
Sludge accumulated at the bed of the ponds has to be removed once in five to six years

 Number of WWTPs in Mardan: There are two waste water treatment plants in Mardan
which were provided to achieve the above standards but since completion, these have
been non-operational due to various reasons as detailed below.

1. Rorya WWTP: This treatment plant is situated in union council Rorya. The main components
of the plant are settling channel, screen bars, pump house, three (03) anaerobic ponds and two
(02) aerobic ponds in series. Screen bars and settling channels have been provided for primary
treatments to remove large solids, grit, grease and silt from the raw sewage in order to prevent
mechanical damage or blockages to pumps. Schematic layout of the Rorya Mistriabad WWTP is
given in Figure 4.38 on next page.

124
*Note: All Dimensions are in Feet in above AutoCAD drawing.

Figure 4.38: Schematic Layout of Rorya Mistriabad WWTP

125
The existing screen bars are damaged and are in poor condition. Pump house contain four
pumps of 30 horse power each and are in good condition. 100 KVA transformer is available at
site in good condition. Waste water treatment office and guard house are also available at site.
The anaerobic ponds have proper lining and are in fair condition. The plant was operational for
almost 4 years after its execution (1998-99). Later due to unpaid electricity bills for a long
duration of time the plant became non-functional due to non-availability of electricity.

2. Rashakai WWTP: This treatment plant is located near Rashakai interchange. Pump house is
available but without any pump installed. Aeration tank is available without any blowers
installed. There are two anaerobic ponds in series and two large size aerobic ponds in parallel.
There are no pipes connecting various ponds with each other and with the aeration tank.
Though proper sewer network is laid in Sheikh Maltoon Township along with trunk sewer
falling in Murdara Kandha near the WWTP, this plant is non-operational because of non-
availability of pump house, connecting pipes, and the inflow structures. WWTP office and guard
house are available in good condition without furniture. This plant was constructed in 1988.
Schematic layout of the Rashakai WWTP is given in Figure 4.39 on next page.

126
Figure 4.39: Schematic Layout of Rashakai WWTP

127
4.3. Solid Waste Management (SWM) Systems

The solid waste survey was conducted by 2 teams with each team carrying out the survey in 3 UCs.
The teams surveyed all secondary points (open area) of waste disposal and containers along with
dump sites in the presence and guidance of supervisors of solid waste department at WSSCM to
help the survey teams.

4.3.1. Current Situation

A summary of the existing situation of solid waste system in the study area is given in Table 4.47
below which provides the number of containers, secondary points, and dump sites identified during
the survey in each UC.

Table 4.47: Garbage Collecting Points

UC Name Garbage Collection Points

Container Moqa Dump site
(Open
Total 0.8m3 5m3
areas)
Bijli Ghar 23 4 19 16 0
Bagh Irum 10 1 9 0 0
Bari Cham 2 0 2 7 1

Bicket Gunj 6 4 2 0 0

Baghdada 13 1 12 27 1

Kas Koroona 3 0 3 6 2

Rorya 11 2 9 46 3

Hoti 6 1 5 6 1
Par Hoti 12 5 7 6 0

Mardan Khas 8 2 6 9 2

Guli Bagh 1 0 1 5 0

Muslimabad 8 4 4 18 0

Sikandari 5 0 5 24 6

Dagai 1 0 1 26 11
Sheikh Maltoon 12 9 3 0 0

Total 122 34 88 196 28

128
4.3.2. Garbage Collection Points

In Mardan city, people dispose garbage either into the containers placed at designated points or
straight to the secondary points (open areas) where available. The garbage is collected from these
two main points (containers, secondary points) and disposed of at dump sites and therefore, the
survey focused on the following categories:

 Container: There are two types of containers; large containers with 5m3 capacity and small
containers with 0.8m3 capacities. The location coordinates of each container were
determined and the capacity and condition of the same were assessed.

 Secondary Point (Open Area): Secondary point is also locally called “Moqa”. Moqa is the
point from where the garbage is collected by WSSCM staff and disposed to dumping sites.

 Dump Site: Dump site is the final destination point where the solid waste is disposed of.

Figure 4.40 on next page shows the location of garbage collection points in Mardan.

129
Figure 4.40: Garbage Collection Points in Mardan

130
4.3.2.1. Condition Grading of Garbage Collection Points

This section assesses the actual condition of garbage collection points on the basis of below grading
criteria for SWM assets.

Table 4.48: Grading Criteria for Solid Waste Management (SWM) Assets

Mechanical and Electrical Assets

Grade Condition Description
1 Very Good Plant in sound physical condition designed to meet the current standards.
Operable and well-maintained. Asset likely to perform adequately within
routine maintenance for 10 years or more. No work.
2 Good Acceptable physical condition but not designed to current standards or
showing minor wear. Deterioration has minimal impact on asset
performance. Minimal short-term failure risk but potential for
deterioration or reduced performance in medium term (5-10 years). Only
minor work required (if any).
3 Fair Functionally sound plant and components but showing some wear with
minor failures and some diminished efficiency. Minor components or
isolated sections of the asset need replacement or repair, but asset still
functions safely at adequate level of service. For example, bearing and
gland wear becoming evident and some corrosion present. Deterioration
beginning to be reflected in performance and higher attendance for
maintenance. Failure unlikely within 2 years but further deterioration
likely and major replacement required within next 5 years. Work required
but asset still serviceable.
4 Poor Plant and components function but require a high level of maintenance to
remain operational. Likely to cause a marked deterioration in performance
in short-term. Likely need to replace most or all of assets within 2 years. No
immediate risk to health or safety but work required within 2 years to
ensure asset remains safe. Substantial work required in short-term,
asset barely serviceable.
5 Very Poor Failed or failure imminent. Plant and component effective life exceeded,
and excessive maintenance costs incurred. A high risk of breakdown with a
serious impact on performance. No life expectancy. Health and safety
hazards exist which present a possible risk to public safety or the asset
cannot be serviced / operated without risk to personnel. Major work or
replacement required urgently.

131
A. Containers

The general condition of the containers as per the defined criteria is given in Table 4.49.

Table 4.49: Containers Condition

Condition Very Good Good Fair Poor Very Poor

Capacity 0.8m3 1 27 5 1 0
5m3 7 29 37 10 5
Total 8 56 42 11 5

132
Figure 4.41: Map showing Condition Grading of the Containers

133
Figure 4.42: Map showing Condition Grading of 5 cubic meters Container

134
Figure 4.43: Map showing Condition Grading of 0.8 cubic meters Container

135
B. Secondary Points

Figure 4.44 shows the secondary points (sites where garbage was found) that have been cleared by
WSSCM.

Figure 4.44: Map showing Sites cleared by WSSCM

136
C. Dump Sites

There are 28 dump sites out of which 11, 6 and 3 are in Dagai, Sikandari and Rorya respectively. 14
numbers dump sites are in Kalpani River. The waste from these sites end up in river Kabul and
eventually discharge into irrigation canals and ends up on agricultural land which exacerbates the
environmental and public health crisis.

In UC Dagai, there is only 1 container while 26 secondary points are located. A total of 11 dump
sites are identified. This UC requires special attention as there are 11 points where the garbage is
accumulating without being disposed of. Such a situation creates environmental hazards and can
lead to pollution and health risks for the residents of the UC.

In Sheikh Maltoon, the solid waste is collected through primary collection. This is a daily door to
door collection via donkey carts and the waste is carried to a dump site outside Sheikh Maltoon.
There is no secondary point or container and the area is free of all kind of solid waste. The system
of cleaning the area through donkey carts is satisfactory.

The A0 sized large scale map of all Garbage Collection Points is attached as Annex 12 of this report.

4.3.3. SWM Vehicles & Machinery

There are multi-purpose vehicles and machineries with WSSC Mardan. Each of them has different
capacities of doing work regarding their engine power. For e.g. some vehicles carry 0.8 m3
containers while other carry 5 m3 container of garbage.

On the basis of age, WSSCM have vehicles ranges from 1960’s up to 2018. There are total 44
numbers of Vehicles/Machinery with WSSCM. Out of which 28 are received from TMA while
remaining 16 have been purchased by WSSCM itself in the year 2017/18.

Solid waste automobiles have been divided into two categories on the basis of their working,
“Vehicles” and “Machinery”. Vehicles are used for garbage collection, sanitation, water supply
purpose and pool vehicles, while machinery like sweepers and jetting machine are used to collect
dust, small particles of debris and for clearance of sewer lines respectively.

Details and conditions of all sanitation vehicles are given in Tables 4.50, 4.51 and 4.52.

137
 Table 4.50: Details of all SWM Vehicles

Gross
Volume
Year of Market value Vehicle Physical Purchase
Name Capacity Functionality
Purchase (Rupees) Weight Condition Cost
(m3)
(KG)
Armroll 1 2017 2399600 8,900 kg 0 Good Yes 2,800,000
Armroll 2 2017 2399600 8,900 kg 0 Good Yes 2,800,000
DONGFENG 2 2008 0 0 45 Fair Yes 153,000
DONGFENG 3 2011 0 0 40 Good Yes 255,000
DONGFENG 4 2011 0 0 70 Very Poor No 255,000
DONGFENG 5 2011 0 0 70 Very Poor No 255,000
DONGFENG 6 2011 0 0 70 Poor No 255,000
DONGFENG 7 2011 0 0 70 Very Poor No 255,000
DONGFENG 8 2008 0 0 70 Very Poor No 153,000
FSO DONG FENG 2011 0 0 70 Fair Yes 255,000
FB HINO 1 1994 0 14,200 kg 175 Poor Yes NA
FB HINO 2 1994 0 14,200 kg 175 Very Poor No NA
HINO 6 2012 943800 18,000 kg 175 Good Yes 6,600,000
FB HINO 4 1994 0 14,200 kg 175 Fair Yes NA
HINO 500 5 2012 943800 18,000 kg 175 Good Yes 6,600,000
HINO DUTRO 1 2013 912000 4,495 kg 160 Good Yes 3,200,000
HINO DUTRO 2 2013 912000 4,495 kg 160 Good Yes 3,200,000
HINO DUTRO 3 2013 912000 4,495 kg 160 Good Yes 3,200,000
MASSEY 375 LOADER 2013 0 57 hp 175 Good Yes NA
MASSEY TRACTOR 2 1993 0 47 hp 260 Good Yes NA
MINI DUMPER 1 2017 479,808 1250 kg 65 Good Yes 672,000
MINI DUMPER 10 2017 479,808 1250 kg 65 Good Yes 672,000
MINI DUMPER 2 2017 479,808 1250 kg 65 Good Yes 672,000
MINI DUMPER 3 2017 479,808 1250 kg 65 Good Yes 672,000
MINI DUMPER 4 2017 479,808 1250 kg 65 Good Yes 672,000
MINI DUMPER 5 2017 479,808 1250 kg 65 Good Yes 672,000
MINI DUMPER 6 2017 479,808 1250 kg 65 Good Yes 672,000
MINI DUMPER 7 2017 479,808 1250 kg 65 Good Yes 672,000
MINI DUMPER 8 2017 479,808 1250 kg 65 Good Yes 672,000
MINI DUMPER 9 2017 479,808 1250 kg 65 Good Yes 672,000
TOYOTA JEEP 1967 0 0 0 Fair Yes NA

Table 4.51: Detail of Pool/Other Vehicles

Detail of Pool/Other Vehicles

Name Year of Market Gross Volume Physical Functionality Vehicle Purchase
Purchase Value Vehicle Capacity Condition Type Cost
(Rupees) Weight (Kg) (m3)
HINO TRUCK 2018 2485300 16,000 KG 0 Very Good Yes Water 2,900,000
Supply
Vehicle
HINO TRUCK 2018 2485300 16,000 KG 0 Very Good Yes Water 2,900,000
Supply
Vehicle
ROAD WASHER 2009 0 18,000 kg 373 Good Yes Water NA
Supply
Vehicle
BEDFORD ROCKET 1967 0 0 211 Very Poor No Water NA
Supply
Vehicle
JETTING MACHINE 2012 843700 18,000 kg 211 Good Yes Waste 5,900,000
Water
Vehicle
BOUSIER 3 2009 0 10,400 kg 352 Good Yes Water 3,950,000
Supply
Vehicle
CARRY BOLAN PV 1 2018 671,888 900 kg,37 hp 5 Good Yes Pool 784,000
Vehicle
CARRY BOLAN PV 2 2018 671,888 900 kg, 37 hp 0 Very Good Yes Pool 784,000
Vehicle

138
 Table 4.52: Vehicles and Associated Maintenance Cost

Name of Vehicles Maintenance Cost in

2016/17
(Rupees)
DUTRO NO. 1 183,980
DUTRO NO. 2 164,948
DUTRO NO. 3 131,833
DONG FENG 2 12,700
DONG FENG 3 30,180
DONG FENG 4 49,650
DONG FENG 8 34,560
DONG FENG FSO 3,500
FIAT BLADE 1633 22,100
FIAT TRACTOR BLAD 1635 35,820
FIAT FSO 24,810
FIAT SWEEPER 1 79,925
FIAT SWEEPER 4 25,250
FIAT SWEEPER 5 5,850
FIAT SWEEPER 6 7,910
FB HINO 1 146,250
FB HINO 2 95,940
FB HINO 4 92,080
HINO 5 0
HINO 6 32,900
JEEP SW 3562 61,740
JETTING MACHINE 41,620
MESSY 1 8,575
MESSY 2 51,105
MESSY 375 Loader 36,935
MESSY 375 Shawal 65,675
SUZUKI PICKUP 6,000

Details and conditions of machinery are given in Table 4.53.

139
 Table 4.53: Detail of SWM Machinery

Name Year of Market Power (Hp) Volume Physical Functionality Purchase

Purchase Value Capacity (m3) condition Cost
(Rupees)
FIAT BLADE 1633 2012 121550 55 hp 0 Fair Yes 850,000
FIAT TRACTOR BLAD 2012 121550 55 hp 0 Fair Yes 850,000
1635
MASSEY 375 SHOWEL 2008 0 75 hp 0 Fair Yes 499,000
FIAT SWEEPER 1 2012 121550 55hp 0 Fair No 850,000
FIAT SWEEPER 4 2012 121550 55 hp 0 Good Yes 850,000
FIAT SWEEPER 6 2012 121550 55 hp 0 Good Yes 850,000
FIAT SWEEPER 5 2012 121550 55 hp 0 Poor No 850,000

4.3.4. SWM Tools

A complete inventory of the tools provided to the field staff of WSSCM has been prepared by interviewing all the designated staff.

Full details of tools associated with SWM are given in Table 4.54.

140
 Table 4.54: Detail of Tools assigned to WSSCM Staff

Union Name of Staff Father Name Caps Masks Shoes Waders Hand Cart Hand Rain
Council - Large Cart - Coat
Small
Baghdada dolat khan Zehar 1 1 0 2 0 0 1
Muhammad
shamaoon Alam Maseeh 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
mohammad siraj Pordal Khan 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
rafiq maseeh Raam Lal 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
tariq maseeh Sadeeq Masseh 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
rafiq maseeh Ram Lal 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
dolat khan Zehar 1 1 0 2 0 0 1
Muhammad
tariq maseeh Sadeeq Masseh 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
shamaoon Alam Maseeh 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
mohammad siraj Pordal Khan 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
muhammad riaz Yousaf Khan 1 1 1 2 0 0 0
said muhammad Gul 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Muhammad
abdul ghafoor Hakeem Abdul 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Hamid
said kamal Jafar Hassan 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
wajid khan Shah Zada 1 1 1 2 1 0 0
musannif Habib Khan 1 1 0 2 1 0 0
mudaasir shah Mehmod 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Ahmad
hamid khan Mir Zaman 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
muhammad bilal Israr 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Muhammad
nadeem khan Wakif Shah 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
farooq khan Sahid Shah 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
muhammad Rahim Gull 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
isteraj
Nosher khan Zia-u-din 1 1 1 2 0 1 0
kashif khan Muhammad 1 1 0 2 1 0 0
Ishaq
nizar ullah Aziz-ul-Haq 2 1 1 2 0 0 0
siraj-u-din Sahib Gull 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
muhammad Rahim Gull 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
isteraj
Nosher khan Zia-u-din 1 1 1 2 0 1 0
kashif khan Muhammad 1 1 0 2 1 0 0
Ishaq
nizar ullah Aziz-ul-haq 2 1 1 2 0 0 0
siraj-u-din Sahib Gull 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Baghi Irum Shaleem Parvez 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Muhammad thair Muhammad 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Chammni
Gulam sarwer Ismail 1 0 0 2 0 1 0
Rahat sha Said Akbar 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Shah
Qaisar Younas Masih 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Finhas Parveez 2 1 0 2 0 0 0
azam Wali 1 1 0 2 1 0 0
Muhammad
roh-ul-amin Afsar Khan 1 0 0 2 0 1 0
bakht shad Wali Shad 1 1 0 2 1 0 0
gul shed Rehman-ud- 1 1 0 2 1 0 0
din
Irum Colony Muhammad tariq Saeed Wali 0 0 0 2 0 0 1
Shah
Javed kumar Kaka Mesi 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Jhon son James 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Rafihullah Safor Khan 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Imtiaz Shahzada 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Sunnel massi Nasir Massi 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Hazrat hussain Muhammad 1 0 0 2 0 0 0
Iqbal
Hazrat ali Saqber 0 0 0 2 0 1 0
abdur rashid Abdul Hameed 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
hukam khan Khalid Khan 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
iqbal shah Maqbool Shah 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
zakir hussain Ghulam Jilani 1 1 0 2 1 0 0
muhammad ali Gulzar Ahmad 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Bajli Ghar Shezad chand Gulzar chand 1 1 0 2 0 0 0

141
No.1 Imteyaz ahmad Tajber Shah 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Naeem Awal Shah 1 1 0 2 1 0 0
Umair Mukamel Shah 1 0 0 2 1 0 0
Masaod Hussain Zada 1 0 0 2 0 0 0
Sayed mukram She'd 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
sha Muhammad
Shah
Aslam Taj 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Muhammad
shoaib khan Ghazi 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
shoaib khan Ghazi 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
abdul aziz Dilber Shah 1 1 0 1 0 0 0
(inspector)
shakir ullah Saadullah 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
saleem Inayat 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
zakir ullah Muhammad 1 1 0 2 0 0 1
Jan
rasool Shah Said 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
muhammad
umar faroq Umar Khitab 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
raheed gull Jaypoor Khan 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
asad muhammad Ghulam 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Muhammad
kareem ullah Mohib ullah 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
faqeer Zahir Shah 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
muhammad
muntazir Tal-e-Zar 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Bajli Ghar anwar maseeh Saleem 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
No.2 Maseeh
zubair Abdul Zar 1 1 0 2 1 0 0
Nighat maseeh Peer Adetta 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Maseeh
shah jehan bacha Mahmood Jan 1 1 0 2 1 0 0
mirwas khan Miraj-ud-din 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
hilal hussain Iqbal Hussain 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
taimur shah Muhammad 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Siraj Shah
rahim khan Abdul Waseh 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
imtiaz khan Mir Zaman 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Liaqat sher Sultan Shah 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Nadeem haroon Fransis 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Waris massi Danyal 2 0 0 2 0 0 0
Parveez javed Javed Massi 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Sheraz Jaganat 1 0 0 2 0 0 0
sohail khan Aminullah 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
iftikhar ali Raheem khan 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
muhammad Abdul Wahid 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
ismail
ibrahim Ridad Gull 1 1 0 2 0 1 1
mussarat shah Anwar shah 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Bari Cham Auranzeb Parveez 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Fawad ali Ali Gohar 1 1 0 2 1 0 0
Akbar shah Anwar Shah 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Premkan Sultan 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Shazeb khan Amjad Khan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ahmad ali Sabz Ali 1 1 0 2 0 0 1
Balram Gulam 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Wajid ali Khursheed 1 1 1 2 0 1 0
Naser ahmad Mehr 1 0 0 2 0 1 0
Muhammad
Farzana Rasheed Masih 0 1 0 2 0 0 0
Bagi shah Umar Khan 1 1 0 2 1 0 0
Murad khan Muslim 1 0 0 2 0 1 0
Zarbaz khan Said Ahmad 1 1 0 2 1 0 0
Shah

142
 Israr Muhammad 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Iqbal
Nasar khan Ajab Gul 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Zubair masih Hidayat Masih 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Mumtaz Khanzada 1 1 1 2 0 1 1
Naveed masih Dewan 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Jameel masih Anyat Masih 1 1 0 2 0 0 1
Akram masih Alladittah 1 1 0 2 0 0 1
Sunni kumar Shakeel Kumar 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Kirshad Lal Said 1 1 0 2 1 0 0
Fazal noor Lal Poor 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Imteyaz Noor Jamal 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Liqat ali Jumma Khan 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Sanam gul Lahkar Gul 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Haleem Jamshad 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Abdul gafar Muhammad 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Den
Muhammad Meer Afzal 1 1 0 2 1 0 0
javed
Darwesh Kunzaman 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Muzmmel sha Mahmood 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Shah
Wisal sha Anwar Shah 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Bicket Gunj Ghulam nabi Ghulam Haq 1 1 0 2 0 0 1
Rafeeq massi Baro Massi 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Sajid ali Mohammad 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Shar
Kamla Sultan 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
Muhammad Wahid ullah 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
fayaz
Shahussain Zahir Shah 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Sujad Farid 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Zar shad Abdullah Baba 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Imran Majid Massi 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
Minoj komar Minawor Lal 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Zaman shah Nekab Shah 1 0 0 2 0 0 0
Janzaib Nawab Shah 1 1 2 2 0 1 0
Shahid Nazir Massi 1 1 1 2 0 0 0
Ajmal Awalmeer 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Ali khan Mokadar Jan 1 0 0 2 0 1 1
Javaid Abdul Ghani 1 0 0 2 1 0 0
Muhammad Mian 1 1 0 1 0 0 0
humayun Muhammad
Islam
Khan wali Bahadar Shah 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Mohalla gaju Israr Shamsuddin 0 1 0 2 0 0 0
khan
Irfan ullah Noor ul Basar 1 0 0 2 0 0 0
Ijaz Gulrooz 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Faizulhaq Zareen Gull 0 1 0 2 0 1 0
Ahsan Gian 0 1 0 2 0 0 0
Jameel Rahmanuddin 1 0 0 2 1 0 0
Sarwaiz Rehmat 1 1 1 2 0 0 0
Tariq massi Batta Massi 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
Pervaiz khan Marka 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Saleem Said Jan 1 1 0 2 1 0 1

143
 Mohammad Ayaz Muhammad 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Ameen
Lal Badshah Nobat Shah 1 0 0 2 0 1 0
Wisal Shardill 1 0 0 2 1 0 0
Ismail Sab Hakeem Khan 1 1 0 2 1 0 1
Said Gul Alif Gul 1 1 0 4 0 0 0
Noorzada Fazal Dad 1 0 0 2 1 0 0
Dagai Jafar Noor Tab 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Raza Muhammad Ali Muhammad 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Jameel Maseeh Bashir Maseeh 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Sarir Khan Sultan Zada 2 1 0 2 0 0 2
Murad Ali Muslim 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Sardar Nabi Muhamad Nabi 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Lal Faraz Gul 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Muhammad
Gul Baz Khan Syed Ahmad 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Shah
Naik Muhammad Khan Toti 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Zeeshan khan Abdul sattar 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Safdar Jan Usman Jan 1 1 0 2 0 0 1
Jehanzeb Anwer Zeb 1 1 0 2 0 1 1
Saeed shah Muhammad 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Shah
Iqbal Deen 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
muhammad Muhammad
Sawar khan Aslam Khan 1 1 0 2 0 1 1
Mufarikh shah Maskeen Shah 1 1 0 2 1 0 1
Guli Bagh Zia Ullah Mohibullah 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Muhammad Muhammad 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
qaisar Nazar
Raj muhammad Aminullah 1 1 0 2 1 0 0
Israr muhammad Ameer 1 1 0 2 1 0 0
Ali said Rahman Zada 1 1 0 2 0 0 1
Muhammad Aslam 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Akram
Farman Hazrat Gul 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Ali asgar Noor-ul-Basar 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Akbar hayat Muhammad 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Hayat
Zafar Muhammad 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Khan
Hamayoon Abdul Jalil 1 1 1 2 1 0 0
Jameel Baber 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Yasir masih Bota Daniyal 1 1 0 1 0 0 0
Sujjad masih Jan Masih 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Gopal kumar Shakeel Kumar 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Sikandar hayat Muhammad 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Hayat
Auranzeb Jewandas 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Yasir Fazli Subhan 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Waris khan Kar Khan 1 1 0 2 1 0 0
Lalzada Abdul Ghani 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Hoti Gul qayum Samiullah Jan 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Khan Gul Muhamad 1 0 0 2 0 0 0
muhammad
Muhammad arif Fazal-e-Rabbi 1 0 1 2 0 1 0

144
 Khan Jamrose 0 1 0 2 0 1 0
muhammad
Tahir khan Muhammad 1 0 0 2 0 1 0
Usman
Nasrullah Bashir 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Sikander masih Nazir Masih 0 1 0 2 0 0 0
Ayub masih Dolat Masih 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Tasleem akhter Shafi Masih 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Yasir khan Sattar Khan 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Tariq khan Gulab Khan 0 1 0 2 0 0 0
Siraj gul Rahim Gul 1 0 0 2 0 0 0
Murad ali Noordali 1 0 0 2 0 1 0
Masood Shamshudin 0 1 0 2 0 1 0
Beenish Liaqat Masih 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Waqar masih Liaqat Masih 1 0 0 2 0 0 0
Waqar pervaiz Pervaiz Masih 1 0 0 2 0 0 0
masih
Asad khan Afsar Khan 0 1 0 2 0 1 0
Zubair khan Sheraman 0 0 0 2 0 0 1
Muhammad Zarshed 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
inam
Shafaqat masih Liaqat masih 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
Zahir shah Rahim Shah 0 1 0 2 0 1 0
Younas masih Yousaf Masih 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
Shakirullah Ashrafudin 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Talamoon Pervaiz 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
Abdul sammad Muhammad 1 0 0 2 0 1 0
Nazeeb
Feroz khan Fazal ur 1 0 0 2 0 1 0
rehman
Farmanullah Rizwanullah 0 0 0 2 0 0 0
Muhammad tariq Amerr Hussain 0 1 0 2 0 0 0
Samsoona masih Nazir Masih 0 1 0 2 0 0 0
Abdul hameed Ameer Khan 0 0 0 2 0 1 0
Sahibzada Shahidullah 0 0 0 2 0 1 0
Israeel Mehar 0 0 0 2 0 1 0
Muhammad
Irshad Ali Noshad Ali 1 0 0 2 0 0 0
Iftikhar Muhammad 1 0 0 2 0 0 0
Aslam
Shah Hussain Zahur Shah 0 0 0 2 0 1 0
Badshah Badshah
Muhammad Benazir 0 0 0 2 0 1 0
Munir
Falak Zada Sahibzada 1 0 0 2 0 1 0
Muhammad Muhammad 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Sadiq Rafeeq
Shakir Ali Badshah Gul 1 0 0 2 0 1 0
Kaskoorona Shehzad Maseeh Nawab Maseeh 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Zahid Kumar Chaman Lal 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Raz Muhammad Bashir 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Muhammad
Jawid William William 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Maseeh
Barkat Ali Jumma Gull 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Farooq Shah Bakhtawar 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Shah

145
 Farooq Shah Bakhtawar 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Shah
Barkat Ali Jumma Gull 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Gull Zeb Nosher Khan 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Khayal Gul 1 1 0 2 1 0 0
Muhammad Muhammad
Gohar Khan Pordal Khan 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Zahir Shad Reshad 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Adeel Dar Muhammad 1 1 0 2 1 0 1
Ismail
Tariq Maseeh William 1 0 0 2 0 0 0
Maseeh
Main Bazar Liaqat Ali Wazeer Zada 1 1 0 2 0 1 1
Hamayun Khan Hayat-ud-din 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Faqeer Jamroz 1 1 1 2 1 0 1
Muhammad
Khalid khan Umar Ghani 1 1 1 2 0 0 1
Abdul Jalil Ghulam Qadir 2 1 0 2 0 1 1
Haleem Maseeh Saleem 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Maseeh
Wahid Akhtar Javid Iqbal 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Parshok Kumar Ram Lal 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Waseem Maseeh Nithayel 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Aseeh
Muslim Abad Nasir Said Hassan 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Nasir Said Hassan 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Muhammad Ilyas Muhammad 0 0 0 2 0 1 0
Hayat
Yousaf Khan Hashtaman 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Khan
Abdul nasar Abdul Salam 1 0 0 2 1 0 0
Rasheed ahmad Fazil Mabud 1 0 0 2 0 0 0
Ali gohar Qamar Zaman 0 0 1 2 0 1 0
Hanook Mushtaq 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Saleem khan Noor Dad 1 1 0 2 1 0 0
Shouqat ali Muhammad 1 1 1 2 0 1 0
Yaseen
Malik zada Noor Zada 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Farman Bacha Gul 0 0 0 2 0 1 0
Par Hoti Rahat bazz Akhtar Bazz 1 1 0 2 1 0 0
Wasim masi Yaqoob 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Muhammad Muhammad 1 1 0 2 0 0 1
sajjad Ghani
Zubair Shaukat 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Parveen Nemat 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Muhammad asif Gohar Ali 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Ali Muhammad Tela 1 1 0 2 1 0 1
Muhammad
Javed masi Saleem Masi 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Khalid zaman Noor Zaman 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Kotab khan Babozi 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Afsarali Ziarat Gul 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Feroz khan Saeed Ameer 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Khan
Yasir Nasir Shah 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Rorya halil ullah Muheebullah 0 1 0 2 0 0 0
fazili haqeem Fazil-e-Kareem 1 1 0 2 0 1 0

146
 mutahir shah Ghandal shah 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
mushtaq hussain Sar Taj 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
farooq shah Mian Noor 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Shah
wali muhammad Sakhi Jan 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
gohar ali Umar Said 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
zakir ullah Hazratullah 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
muhammad Darwesh 1 1 1 2 0 0 0
islam
muhammad Muhammad 1 1 0 2 0 1 1
naeem Tayyab
muhammad ayaz Fazil Kareem 1 1 1 2 0 0 0
yasir masi Pretam Masi 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
arshid masi Jamshed Masi 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
asif masi Jan Sadiq 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
muzamil shah Akhtar Shah 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Sikandari Pur Rahim dad Ibrahim 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Dilabad
Rahim dad Ibrahim 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Abdul salam Hakeem Abdul 1 1 0 2 1 0 0
Hameed
Yousaf khan Ajab Khan 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Sajid Parvaiz 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Om sham Monawar Jal 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Asif Mahraj 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Mohammad
Gulnawaz Sarfaraz 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Naseem massi Saleem Massi 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Azeem ullah Azizullah 1 0 0 2 0 0 0
Wazirzada Zarnosh 1 1 1 2 0 0 0
Rasheed khan Aziz Khan 1 1 1 2 0 0 0
Naem ullah Ali Azhar 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Abdull Amin Gul Karim 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Shah
Gulshahid Karim Shah 1 1 0 2 0 1 1
Mohalla Rasheed Masih Danni Masih 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Purdal Abad
Patras Masih Served Masih 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Muslim Awal Shah 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Robin Welim 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Nawaz Perveez 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Muhammad Zargun Shah 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Khan
Abdul Azal Said Qamar 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Raza Masih Shokat Masih 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Nasreen Mohni 0 1 0 2 0 0 0
Wali Rehman Azizurehman 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Muhammad Bilal Hayatullah 1 1 0 2 1 0 0
Muhammad Meraga Jan 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Raheem
Qasir Parveez 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Delawer Yaqoob khan 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
Manzor Khan Sultan 1 1 0 2 0 1 0
Muhammad
Panosh Matab 1 0 0 2 0 0 0

147
5.0. Summary of Survey Findings and Recommendations

A summary of the overall condition assessment of all assets (of WSS, DSS & SWM) and their analysis
based on the baseline survey is briefed in this section.

5.1. Water Supply System

5.1.1. Tube wells

 83 tube wells are located in Mardan city and Sheikh Maltoon and the distribution is as follows:
 WSSCM: 36
 MDA: 11
 PHED: 36
 The total number of functional tube wells in the study area is 33 of which the distribution is:
WSSCM: 26
MDA: 7
PHED: 0
 The age of the functional tube wells range from 1 to 45 years.
 The underground data from WSSCM and TMA was not available as there was no document or
log sheet made available to us to ascertain the underground bore hole, strainer and water table.
 Mardan development authority (MDA) operates and regulates the existing tube wells in Sheikh
Maltoon town ship. There are 11 tube wells out of which 7 are functional that feeds the area in a
close loop system.
 The total population estimated in 2018 and 2023 is 481696 and 574319 respectively.
 The total water availability based on the functional tube wells is 12127 m3/d whereas the total
water demand based on 204 lpcd is 98,266 m3/d. This means the water deficit in 2018 and
2023 is 86,139 m3/d and 105,035 m3/d respectively.
 The water deficit range from 75% to 100% in the various UCs.
 Generally, it has been observed that the structure of the pump house of 90% tube wells is in
good condition. Submersible pumps are used for pumping water to consumers. As the tube
wells aren’t used since its construction, in most of the cases the top set is in good condition. In
some cases, the inside of the pump house was found full of dirt and dust.
 In some UCs it has been observed that WSSCM tube well are not available whereas several
PHED newly constructed tube wells are available but non-functional. In Par Hoti, Guli Bagh and
Rorya the people are suffering from unavailability of water. In these areas if the PHED tube
wells are utilized according to demand then it will benefit the inhabitants.
 Based on the physical condition survey and grading assessment, the percentage of tune wells in
very good, good, fair, poor and very poor conditions is as follows:
 Very Good: 14%
 Good: 59%
 Fair: 18%
 Poor: 5%

148
  Very Poor: 4%
 In some cases, the locals have reported complains about their land being occupied by the non-
functional tube well.

5.1.1.1. Recommendations for Tube wells

 Detail capacity analysis of the functional tube wells shall be carried out including hydraulic
capacity and pumping head requirements to determine if these tube wells can provide the
required minimum pressure to end users. It should be noted that hydraulic analysis and
detailed capacity analysis is not part of this baseline survey and conditions assessment scope of
work as per the TOR. Hydraulic analysis shall be carried out in conjunction with water supply
networks to determine the accurate head losses occurring in the system compared to the total
pump head available which will determine if the pumps are capable of supplying the required
flows to the remote areas of the network.
 The non-functional tube wells shall be investigated to determine if these can be made functional
with minimum cost to address the demand deficit in various UCs.
 Tube wells with poor civil/structural, electrical and mechanical conditions shall be addressed
for the required improvements.

5.1.2. Water Supply Network

 Total length of pipelines in water supply network is 369.352 KM with the following
distribution:
 MDA: 61.686Km
 PHED: 151.712 Km
 WSSCM: 159.159 Km
 The total length of functional pipeline in the water supply network is 208.057 KM with the
following distribution:
 MDA: 60.545 Km
 PHED: 2.986 Km
 WSSCM: 147.318 Km

Table 5.1: Total length of functional pipelines in WS Network

Owner Total length (m) Functional Length (m)

WSSCM 159159 147318
PHED 151712 2986
MDA 61686 60545
TOTAL 372557 208057

 The diameter of pipelines in water supply network range from 1 inch to 12 inches.
 The pipe material in water supply network includes HDPE, RCC, Asbestos, and GI.
 The age of the pipes in water supply network cannot be ranged due to unavailability of data.
 Pipelines are either above ground or below ground with the following distribution:

149
  Pipeline above ground: 13.560 Km
 Pipeline below ground: 358.998 Km
 The physical condition of the pipelines in the water supply network was assessed and ranked as
being very good, good, fair, poor or very poor with the following distribution:
 Very Good: 0.52 %
 Good: 61.3 %
 Fair: 4.52 %
 Poor: 4.30 %
 Very Poor: 2.88 %
 The total number of residential household connections in the study area is estimated to be
7,643 against an estimated total household number of 60,212. This implies that 52569
households are without water connections. The UC wise projected population of 2018 and
household size of 8 has been taken to numerate the current households. The numbers indicate
huge gap in the current demand and supply situation. This gap can be minimized immediately
by making the PHED lines and tube wells functional.
 The survey teams interviewed the households in each union council in regard to availability of
water, as well as their perceptions, demand and needs for the water. Also, the information was
collected about water quality, its availability and satisfaction level of people. There are concerns
in the communities about bot the availability of water as well as water quality.
 There are two water supply systems in Mardan city. One is owned by public health engineering
department (PHED) which was constructed in 2010-2012 and is in good condition but mostly
non-functional. While the other system is around 45 years old and in poor condition. It was
handed over by Tehsil Municipal Authority (TMA) to WSSCM in the year 2016. The people are
hesitant to use the WSSCM system water due to poor quality. Secondly, the water is not
sufficient enough to fulfill their daily demand.
 WSSCM and PHED has WS network of 159Km and 151Km respectively, laid across the Mardan
city. Most of WSSCM lines are functional and PHED lines are non-functional except for few.
 PHED WS lines are provided in all urban UCs except Bari Cham and Bicket Gunj. The WSSCM WS
lines are also laid in all UCs except Par Hoti, Sikandari and Rorya.
 Reasons for non-functional Pipeline Network
(i) New Pipeline (connections not allotted)
(ii) Self-bore in 90% households
(iii) Broken/damaged pipes
(iv) Missing/Stolen pipes
(v) Pressure problem at end user
(vi) Installation of pumps

5.1.2.1. Recommendations for WS networks

 Most of the water is not potable because of high contamination. This contamination is caused
due to poor condition of old pipeline. Public Health Department (PHED) constructed new
network in whole Mardan but most of it is non-functional. The water quality can be improved
by using Public Health line instead of using old WSSCM line.

150
  Total tube wells are 83 in which 33 are functional and the remaining are not in use. It is
recommended to focus on the existing non-functional tube wells which are overall in good
condition and make them functional according to the needs of the area after ensuring quality of
water. This will help in overcoming the high demand of water of Mardan city.
 For the networks that are functional, a proper hydraulic assessment of the capacity shall be
carried out in conjunction with the relevant tube wells and associated pumping heads to
determine if these can serve all the end users. Such a comprehensive hydraulic assessment will
determine the overall functional use of the tube wells and networks as one unit.
 Pipes in close proximity to drains shall be studied and mitigation measures shall be taken to
ensure there is no cross connection of sewage from drains to pipelines as this is main cause of
contamination of drinking water.
 A comprehensive supply-demand analysis shall be carried out in light of the projected future
population and capacity of tube well-pipe network system to determine how many households
can be served by the current system. Accordingly, the number of household and commercial
connections in each UC shall be increased to meet the demands of the communities in each UC.
 The age of the networks shall be considered in determining the life of the pipelines. Very old
and deteriorated pipelines shall be abandoned and replaced accordingly.

5.1.3. Overhead Reservoirs (OHRs)

OHRs are provided as storage to equalize hourly variations in water demand, limit fluctuations and
pressure across the system and provide reserve storage during power outage or other emergencies.
It supports the water demand in peak hours. During the observations, it was found that 11 numbers
OHR are between the age limit of 30 and 45 years and two numbers are 15 and 23 years old.
Originally these OHRs were provided as per design and with the passage of time the population
increased and haphazard additions of tube wells were made to the system and without any addition
of OHRs or any proper design consideration, which made the system resultantly inefficient. These
OHR are used to provide enhanced pressure to limited tail-end consumers and are used in peak
hours.

Table 5.2 shows the condition rating of OHRs in all 14 UCs and Sheikh Maltoon Township of Mardan
city.
Table 5.2: Summary of Condition Assessment of OHR

S. Union Total No. of % of OHR % of OHR % of OHR % of OHR % of OHR

No. Council # of Functional in Very in Good in Fair in Poor in Very
OHR OHR Good Condition Condition Condition Poor
Condition Condition

1 Bagh-e- 0 0 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Irum
2 Bari Cham 0 0 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
3 Bicket Gunj 2 2 0% 50% 50% 0% 0%
4 Bijli Gar 1 1 0% 0% 0% 100% 0%
5 Baghdada 1 1 0% 100% 0% 0% 0%

151
6 Dagai 0 0 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
7 Guli Bagh 1 0 0% 100% 0% 0% 0%
8 Hoti 1 0 0% 0% 0% 100% 0%
9 Kas 1 1 0% 0% 100% 0% 0%
Koroona
10 Mardan 1 1 0% 0% 100% 0% 0%
Khas
11 Muslim 1 1 0% 100% 0% 0% 0%
Abad
12 Par Hoti 2 0 0% 0% 0% 100% 0%
13 Rorya 0 0 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
14 Sheikh 3 2 0% 100% 0% 0% 0%
Maltoon
15 Sikandari 0 0 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Pur Dilabad
16 Grand 14 9 0% 50% 21% 29% 0%
Total

 There are total of 14 OHR in the study area.

 The capacity of OHRs range from 50000 to 100000 gallons.
 During our observations it was found that 11 numbers OHR are between the age limit of 30
and 45 years and two numbers are 15 and 23 years old.
 Out of the total 14 OHRs, 9 are functional and 4 are non-functional.
 Condition grading was carried out and assigned to each OHR. Out of the 14 OHR, 50% are in
good condition, 21% are in fair condition, and 29% are in poor condition.

5.1.3.1. Recommendations for OHR

 The existing overhead reservoirs (OHRs) require high level maintenance. Seepage and
leakage should be controlled as it will further deteriorate the structure and corrode the
steel exposed.
 The number of OHR should be increased. The existing OHR are not enough to serve the
water supply needs of the area. Also there is no adequate pressure at end user. In case of
failure of pump or power supply, the water supply is unavailable for unknown time, so it is
recommended to provide OHR with the tube wells so that water supply is not interrupted.
Also, the OHR can be a source of supply during peak times when the pumps are not working.
 OHR in poor condition shall be properly inspected for any chance of rehabilitation.
Otherwise shall be demolished to avoid risk of failure.
 Regular cleaning of OHRs is essential to maintain water quality.

5.1.4. Filtration Plants (FP)

The installed filtration plants are either not functional or not enough in number to serve the
demand of Mardan city. Also, there is no power supply in some filtration plants while in others
some main components are missing.

152
The current filtration plants are in custody of CDWA which require to be taken over from them so that it could be made functional with
proper repair and maintenance.

Table 5.3: Summary of Condition Assessment of Filtration Plants

S. No. Union Total # of # of % of FP in % of FP in % of FP in % of FP in % of FP in % of FP in

Council Filtration Functional Very Good Good Fair Poor Very Poor Not
Plants FP Condition Condition Condition Condition Condition Applicable
Condition
1 Bagh-e-Irum 1 0 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%
2 Bari Cham 0 0 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
3 Bicket Gunj 3 0 0% 67% 33% 0% 0% 0%
4 Bijli Gar 1 0 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0%
5 Baghdada 0 0 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
6 Dagai 1 0 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0%
7 Guli Bagh 1 0 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%
8 Hoti 0 0 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
9 Kas Koroona 1 0 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
10 Mardan 0 0 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Khas
11 Muslim Abad 1 0 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
12 Par Hoti 1 0 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0%
13 Rorya 0 0 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
14 Sheikh 3 3 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Maltoon
15 Sikandari 1 0 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Pur Dilabad
16 Grand Total 14 3 7% 71% 7% 0% 0% 14%

153
5.1.4.1. Recommendations for FPs

 The water quality according to the locals is of poor quality in most of the areas. Filtration
plants can be utilized to address this problem. If filtration plants can be made functional and
working as per design requirements, these can serve the residents and will improve the
quality of water resulting in satisfaction of residents and less health-related problems.
 Proper repair and maintenance are required to operate the existing filtration plants and to
supply water as per WHO water quality guidelines.
 The UCs like Kas Koroona, Hoti, Par Hoti and Sikandari should be targeted as first priority to
make sure supply of clean and potable water to the residents.
 The number of filtration plants should be increased to get maximum benefits.
 The dispute among local people and government related to FPs should be resolved.
 The capacity of filtration should be enhanced.
 After making them functional the filtered water must be tested via Physiochemical and
Bacteriological Tests to make sure the quality of water is according to WHO guide line.
 Missing machinery or component should be provided to make the plants operational.

5.2. Wastewater System

The summary and conclusions of the baseline survey and condition assessment related to
wastewater system in Mardan is summarized as follows:
 The existing drainage systems serving the WSSCM jurisdiction area are mostly combined
systems that convey domestic and commercial wastewater along with surface runoff during
rain events. The following are the main components of the waste water system in Mardan:
 Drains
 Trunk Sewers
 Waste water treatment plants (WWTPs)
 The trunk sewers are limited in number and mostly abandoned and serving as sites for solid
waste disposal.
 The total length of the functional drains in the drainage system is 478 KM with the following
breakdown with respect to the mode of operation:
 Combined system serving for wastewater and storm water = 379381 meters which
79.23% of the system.
 Drains serving for wastewater only = 97198 meters which is 20.30% of the system
 Drains serving for storm water only = 0 meters
 Drains are either constructed as covered or open drains. 15.91% of the drains are covered
and 84.09% are open drains.
 Drains are either Rectangular, semi parabolic or Trapezoidal drains and their respective
percentages are 84.33%, 0.25%and 10.70%.
 The width of the drains varies from 0.5 ft to 30 ft.
 The material of the drains and walls consists of PCC, brick, RCC, or Kacha drains. Of the total
drains, 77.18% are made of PCC, 15.49% brick, 1.16% RCC while 5.70% are Kacha Drains.

154
 Kacha drains require immediate construction as it is also a source of inundation during
rainy season and badly affect the stability of adjacent roads and buildings foundation.
 Drains are either blocked, have full flow or partial flow which impacts its functioning for the
intended purpose of conveying the sewerage and/or storm water flows to the receiving
water bodies or treatment plants.
 Out of 478,814-meter drains, 28.97% is free flow while 71.03% is partial flow.
 The survey revealed that de-silting and cleaning of drains has not been carried out regularly
which has resulted in clogging of drains. Most of the residents throw their solid waste in
drains resulting in clogging of drains flow which require regular cleaning by WSSCM. There
is need for intensive programs through Nazims/media or other social organizations for
public awareness and to encourage residents to avoid throwing their solid waste into
drains.
 The mode of outfall observed for the drains range from open fields, canals, and ravine areas.
The drains outfall to the fields in the urban area during rainy seasons which is creating
inundation and resulting in a lot of environmental and health related problems to the
residents. Immediate connectivity is required with other drains/ravine to provide relief to
the residents.
 There are 4.32% Encroachments in the entire city but some UCs like Bagh-e-Irum, Dagai,
Mardan Khas, Muslim Abad and Rorya have more encroachments. The current drive by the
Government for removal of encroachments is the best opportunity available for its removal.
 The survey found that most of the drains are not damaged with only 4.45% damaged drains
that require immediate reconstruction.
 The overall physical condition of the drains is good with the following breakdown in terms
of condition rating:
 2% Very Good
 50% Good
 31% Fair
 8% Poor
 4% Very Poor
 Maximum of the poor/very poor condition drains are in UC Bagh-e-Irum, Bijli Ghar,
Baghdada, Dagai, Guli Bagh, Par Hoti, Rorya and Sheikh Maltoon which require repair
/rehabilitation.
 Both the treatment plants in Mardan are not operational due to various reasons. The
reasons include technical deficiencies in the treatment components, no-payment of
electricity bills, and or other operation and management (O&M) related issues faced by the
staff.
 The current site of both waste water treatment plant (WWTP) are situated in low laying
area and the sewage of the area can be easily discharged in to it.
 Both the WWTP sites are fairly isolated from the built-up area and proper measure can be
taken to provide adequate space around the site to serve as buffer zone. Further area can
also be acquired to meet the future projected demand at reasonable cost.
 The WWTP situated near Rashakai should be made functional immediately as all the sewage
of Sheikh Maltoon town ship is discharging into Rashakai drain, thereby polluting the

155
 environment and is a health hazard. The plant can be made functional at minimum cost as
all the infrastructures have already been built.
 The treatment plant in Rorya requires repair works of the ponds and can also be made
functional without involving huge cost. If proper sewerage system in the urban area is
provided, this plant can cater for maximum area needs.

5.3. Solid Waste Management (SWM) System

In majority UCs the containers are not enough in numbers to take the daily load of Solid Waste
generated. People dispose the waste in open areas which creates pollution and health hazards. The
collection and lifting frequencies of containers are not frequent enough and as a result after the
capacity limit is reached people dispose the garbage in the vicinity of the container in open areas
that are not designated places for solid waste disposal. A capacity analysis was carried out from the
lifting frequency in the database and also from the field to determine the number of containers
required based on the waste generation rates and summary of this analysis is given in Table 5.4 and
Table 5.5 below.

Table 5.4: Capacity Analysis of Containers

Population5 Waste Generation Containers Required Containers Required

(0.5kg/person/day)6
5m3 0.8m3 5m3 0.8m3
(density7 (density8 Factorized9 Factorized
=2.6ton) =0.4ton) (*3) (*1.5)

481696 240848kg 92 602 276 903

Table 5.5: No. of Containers Required

Capacity Available Required as per Balance

Containers Design
5m3 88 276 188

0.8m3 34 903 869

5
The projected population is obtained from WSSCM Assistant Manager Water Supply based on 3.58 growth rate
6
This 0.5 figure has been obtained from WSSCM Solid waste Assistant Manager Solid Waste
7
5m3 container capacity is obtained from AM solid waste
8
Obtained from AM Solid waste
9
Factorized based on assumed Safety Factor

156
5.3.1. Recommendations on Collection and Disposal

 The dump sites are spread over the entire jurisdiction of WSSCM. There are 14 number
dump sites located in the middle of the dwellings in open area while 14 numbers dump sites
are located in Kalpani River. All the dump sites require immediate shifting from the existing
locations to a designated dump site outside the urban area to save the people and
environment from health hazards.
 The solid waste management situation can be improved by providing the required number
of containers with proper collection and lifting of garbage from the designated sites.
 The current containers are not enough so it is suggested to use more containers and
designate them to densely populated areas as per the requirements.
 The collection and lifting frequency should be increased. If not collected on time, the
disposed waste creates odor problems leading to more serious environmental and health
hazards for the residents.
 The teams have observed that many local people don’t use the containers for waste
dumping. Awareness is necessary through public education and awareness campaigns.

157