Period of Intuitive Nursing

(Prehistoric to early Christian era)

Perform out of compassion for others

and desire to help others.

Belief and Practices of Prehistoric man

Nursing was a function that belonged to woman

taking care of the children, the sick and the aged.
Believed that illness causes the invasion of evil spirit
through the use of black magic or voodoo. Believed
that medicine man was called shaman or witch
doctor having the power to heal using white magic.
They also practiced “trephining” or drilling a hole in
the skull with a rock or stone without using
anesthesia as a last resort to drive evil spirits from
the body. Contributions to medicine and nursing
babylonia o code of Hammurabi- provided laws that
covered every facet of Babylonian life including
medical practice and recommended specific doctors
for each disease and gave each patient the right to
choose between the use of charms, medications or
surgical procedures.
 Nursing through time

A. Egypt
--introduced the art of embalming

-developed the ability to make a keen

observation and left a record of 250
recognized disease

-slaves and patients family nursed the sick.

B. Israel
-Moses was recognized as the “Father of Sanitation”
and wrote in old testament which:

c. china
-believed that in using girls clothes for male babies keep evil
away from them

-prohibited the dissection of dead human body as a worship

to ancestors.

-they gave the world knowledge of material medical

(pharmacology)

D. india
-men of medicine built hospitals, practiced an intuitive
form of asepsis and were proficient in the practice of
medicine and surgery.

-Sushurutu made a list of function and qualifications of

nurses. This was the first reference to nurse taking care
of patients.

e. ancient Greece
-nursing was the task of untrained slave.

-introduced caduceus, the insignia of medical

profession today.

-hippocrates was given the title of “Father of scientific

Medicine”. He made major advances in medicine by
rejecting the belief that diseases had supernatural
causes. He also developed assessment standard for
clients, established overall medical standards,
recognized a need for nurses.
 f. rome
-the romans attempted to maintain vigorous health, because illness was
a sign of weakness so care of the ill was left in the slaves or Greek
physicians. Both groups were looked upon as inferior by roman society.

ii. period of apprentice nursing

( founding of religious
nursing orders to 1836 when
kaiserwerth institute for the
training of deaconesses in
Germany was established)

A. Also called
period of
“on the job
training”
CRusades B. Nursing
was
performed
without
any formal
education
and by
-Military religious orders established hospital staffed with men. people who
-Knights of Lazarus was founded and primarily for the nurses care were
of Lepers in Jerusalem after the Christians had conquered the directed by
city. Rise of secular orders. more
-Religious taboos and social restrictions influenced nursing at the experience
time of the religious nursing orders. nurses.
-Older nuns prayed with and took good care of the sick, while
younger nuns washed soiled linens, usually in the rivers.
-In 16th century, hospitals were established for the care of the
sick where hospitals were gloomy, cheerless, airless and
unsanitary. People entered hospitals only under compulsion or as
a last resort.
 III. Period of Educated Nursing
(From June 15, 1869 when Florence Nightingale School of Nursing was opened
until world war II)

1.The development of nursing during this period was strongly influenced by

trends resulting from wars, from an arousal of social consciousness, from the
emancipation of women and from the increased educational opportunities
offered to women.
2.Popularization of the philosophy of the Nightingale System
-importance of education system
-Nurses teaching students
-Specialization developed
3.Facts about Florence Nightingale
-recognized as the “mother of modern nursing”
-known also as the “lady with a lamp”
-raised in England and learned languages, literature, mathematics and social
graces
-developed the self-appointed goal: “to change the profile of nursing”
-led the nurses that took care of the wounded during Crimean war
-put down her ideas in two published books: Notes on Nursing and Notes on
Hospitals
 iv. period of contemporary nursing
( Period after world war II up to present )

a. Scientific and technological developments as well as social changes mark this period.
b. Established of WHO
c. Use of atomic/ nuclear energy for medical diagnosis and treatment
d. Utilization of computers
e. Use of sophisticated equipment for diagnosis and therapy
f. Health is perceived as a fundamental human right
g. Nursing involvement in community health is greatly intensified
h. Development of the expanded role of nurses
i. Professionalization of nursing in the Philippines early beliefs and practices
j. Beliefs about causation of disease (evil spirits, enemy, or a with)
k. People believed that evil spirits could be driven away by persons with powers to expel demons.
l. People believed in special gods of healing, with the priest-physician and Herbolarios
m. Superstitious beliefs and practices in relation to health and sickness such as Herbmen or Herbicheros as one who
practiced witchcraft
n. Persons suffering from diseases without identified cause were believed to be bewitched by “mangkukulam”

v. Spanish period
vi. the religious orders exerted their efforts to care for
the sick by building hospitals in the different parts of
the Philippines
vii. prominent persons involved in nursing works
a. Josephine Bracken- installed a first hospital in an estate house in Tejeros; provided nursing
care to the wounded night and day
b. Rosa Sevilla de Alvero -converted their house into quarters for the filipino soldiers, during
the Philippine-American War that broke out in 1899.
c. Dona Hilaria de Aguinaldo – wife of Emilio Aguinaldo; organized Filipino Red Cross under the
inspiration of Apolinario Mabini
d. Dona Maria Agoncillo de Aguinaldo -second wife of Emilio Aguinaldo; provided nursing care
to Filipino soldiers during revolution. President of Filipino Red Cross branch in Batangas
e. Melchora Aquino -nursed the wounded Filipino soldiers and gave them shelter and food
Capitan Salome – a revolutionary leader in Nueva Ecija; provided nursing care to the
wounded when not in combat
f. Agueda Kahabagan -revolutionary leader in Laguna, also provided nursing services to her
troops
g. Trinidad Tecson – “Ina ng Biac na Bato”, stayed in the hospital at Biac na Bato to care for the
wounded soldiers.