Professional Documents
Culture Documents
AUDI314 - Week 3 and 4
AUDI314 - Week 3 and 4
II. Regulatory Framework for Auditing in the Exchange Commission (SEC). This process
Philippines involves submitting necessary documentation,
The regulatory framework for auditing in the including details of the firm's structure,
Philippines is primarily governed by the Securities and ownership, qualifications of partners and
Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Board of employees, and compliance with relevant auditing
Accountancy (BOA) under the Professional Regulation standards.
Commission (PRC). Here's a sample outline of the 2. Licensing Requirements: The registration process
regulatory framework for auditing in the Philippines: includes obtaining the necessary licenses to
provide auditing services. The regulatory body,
I. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) such as the Board of Accountancy (BOA), ensures
A. Overview and Role of SEC in Auditing Regulation that the firm's partners and employees are
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) plays a licensed Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) with
vital role in the regulation of auditing in the Philippines. valid and up-to-date credentials.
As the primary regulatory body overseeing capital markets 3. Professional Standards and Quality Control:
and corporate governance, the SEC ensures the credibility Auditing firms are required to demonstrate
and transparency of financial reporting through effective adherence to professional standards, such as the
auditing regulation. Philippine Standards on Auditing (PSAs) and
The SEC's role in auditing regulation includes several key International Standards on Auditing (ISAs). These
aspects: standards ensure that the firm conducts audits in
1. Supervision of Auditing Firms: The SEC is a consistent, transparent, and reliable manner.
responsible for the registration and supervision of 4. Independence and Objectivity: During the
auditing firms operating in the Philippines. It registration process, auditing firms must declare
ensures that these firms comply with professional their independence and objectivity in performing
standards and ethical guidelines while conducting audit engagements. They are expected to maintain
audits. impartiality and avoid any conflicts of interest that
2. Financial Reporting Requirements: The SEC could compromise the integrity of the audit
establishes and enforces financial reporting process.
requirements for publicly listed companies and 5. Continuing Professional Development (CPD):
other entities operating in the capital markets. Auditing firms are encouraged to invest in the
These reporting standards, such as the Philippine professional development of their partners and
Financial Reporting Standards (PFRS), guide employees. Compliance with CPD requirements
auditors in evaluating and ensuring compliance set by the regulatory bodies ensures that auditors
with the relevant accounting principles. stay updated with the latest developments in
3. Enforcement of Auditing Standards: The SEC auditing practices and standards.
enforces auditing standards, such as the 6. Peer Review: As part of the supervision process,
Philippine Standards on Auditing (PSAs) and auditing firms may undergo periodic peer reviews.
International Standards on Auditing (ISAs), to These reviews assess the quality of the firm's audit
maintain consistency and quality in the audit engagements and internal control systems. The
process. Auditors are expected to follow these objective is to identify areas for improvement and
standards when conducting engagements. maintain high-quality auditing services.
4. Code of Ethics: The SEC upholds a Code of Ethics 7. Regulatory Compliance and Enforcement: The
for auditors and accountants to maintain the regulatory bodies regularly monitor auditing firms
highest level of professional conduct and integrity to ensure compliance with the established
in their engagements. This code emphasizes regulations and standards. Any violations or
principles such as independence, objectivity, and discrepancies discovered during inspections may
confidentiality to preserve public trust in the lead to disciplinary actions, such as fines or
auditing profession. license revocation, to uphold the integrity of the
5. Protection of Investor Interests: One of the SEC's audit profession.
primary objectives is to protect investor interests By implementing a robust registration and supervision
and promote investor confidence in the financial process, the regulatory bodies in the Philippines aim to
markets. Effective auditing regulation ensures enhance the overall quality of auditing services, instill
that audited financial statements provide reliable public confidence in financial reporting, and safeguard the
and accurate information to stakeholders. interests of stakeholders in the country's capital markets.
6. Regulatory Enforcement: The SEC has the
authority to enforce auditing regulations and take C. Financial Reporting Requirements for Publicly Listed
disciplinary actions against auditors or auditing Companies
firms found in violation of professional standards Financial reporting requirements for publicly listed
or ethical guidelines. This enforcement companies in the Philippines are stringent and designed to
mechanism acts as a deterrent against non- ensure transparency, accuracy, and comparability of
compliance and strengthens the integrity of the financial information. These requirements are governed by
audit profession. the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and aim
to provide investors and stakeholders with reliable
Overall, the SEC's oversight and regulation of auditing in information for making informed decisions.
the Philippines contribute to the stability and efficiency of Summary of Financial Reporting Requirements for Publicly
the capital markets, safeguarding public interest, and Listed Companies:
promoting confidence in financial reporting. Through its 1. Philippine Financial Reporting Standards (PFRS):
proactive approach to auditing regulation, the SEC fosters Publicly listed companies are required to prepare
a climate of trust and transparency, essential for the their financial statements in accordance with the
growth and development of the Philippine economy. Philippine Financial Reporting Standards (PFRS).
PFRS is based on the International Financial
B. Registration and Supervision of Auditing Firms Reporting Standards (IFRS) and ensures
The registration and supervision of auditing firms are consistency and comparability of financial
crucial components of the regulatory framework for statements both nationally and internationally.
auditing in the Philippines. The process involves oversight 2. Annual and Interim Financial Statements: Publicly
by regulatory bodies to ensure that auditing firms meet listed companies must prepare and publish
specific criteria, adhere to professional standards, and annual financial statements, including the
maintain ethical conduct in their operations. balance sheet, income statement, statement of
Summary of Registration and Supervision of Auditing changes in equity, and cash flow statement.
Firms: Additionally, they are required to disclose interim
1. Registration Process: Auditing firms wishing to financial statements on a quarterly basis.
operate in the Philippines must undergo a 3. Audited Financial Statements: The financial
registration process with the appropriate statements of publicly listed companies must
undergo an external audit by independent or revocation, depending on the severity of the
external auditors. The auditors' report provides violation.
assurance on the fairness and accuracy of the 5. Investigative Process: The regulatory bodies may
financial statements, enhancing their reliability for initiate investigations based on complaints or
investors and stakeholders. suspicious activities related to auditing
4. Timely Disclosure: Publicly listed companies must engagements. The investigative process aims to
adhere to strict timelines for submitting financial uncover any violations of auditing standards or
reports to the SEC and other regulatory bodies. ethical principles.
Timely disclosure ensures that investors receive 6. Reporting and Public Disclosure: The results of
updated information promptly, enabling them to quality control reviews, investigations, and
make well-informed investment decisions. disciplinary actions are documented and, if
5. Segment Reporting: Publicly listed companies with necessary, disclosed to the public. Public
multiple business segments are required to disclosure reinforces transparency and
provide segment reporting, disclosing financial accountability within the auditing profession.
information for each segment separately. This 7. Continuing Professional Development (CPD): To
facilitates a better understanding of the company's ensure ongoing compliance with standards and
diversified operations. ethical guidelines, CPAs are required to participate
6. Related Party Transactions: Companies must in CPD programs. CPD helps auditors stay
disclose related party transactions, including updated with the latest developments in auditing
those with directors, key management personnel, practices and regulations.
and their relatives. This disclosure ensures 8. Collaboration with Professional Organizations: The
transparency and mitigates potential conflicts of regulatory bodies collaborate with professional
interest. organizations, such as the Philippine Institute of
7. Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A): Certified Public Accountants (PICPA), to promote
Publicly listed companies are encouraged to and enforce professional standards and ethical
include an MD&A section in their financial conduct among auditors.
reports. This narrative provides management's
insights into the financial performance, prospects, Through rigorous enforcement of auditing standards and
and challenges faced by the company. the code of ethics, the regulatory bodies protect the public
8. Corporate Governance Disclosures: Companies are interest, maintain the credibility of financial reporting, and
required to disclose information on their corporate uphold the reputation of the audit profession in the
governance practices, including the composition of Philippines. This commitment to enforcement fosters trust
the board of directors, executive compensation, between auditors, clients, and stakeholders and
and risk management policies. Transparent contributes to the stability and efficiency of the country's
corporate governance practices promote financial markets.
accountability and shareholder confidence.
9. Electronic Filing: The SEC mandates publicly II. Board of Accountancy (BOA)
listed companies to file their financial reports A. Role and Responsibilities of BOA in Auditing
electronically, making them readily accessible to Regulation
the public through the SEC's online platform. The Board of Accountancy (BOA) in the
Philippines plays a pivotal role in the regulation of
By adhering to these financial reporting requirements, auditing and ensuring the competence and ethical
publicly listed companies in the Philippines uphold high conduct of Certified Public Accountants (CPAs).
standards of financial transparency, accountability, and Here's a sample summary of the role and
credibility. These requirements foster investor confidence, responsibilities of BOA in auditing regulation:
attract investments, and contribute to the overall growth
and stability of the capital markets in the country. Summary of Role and Responsibilities of BOA in
Auditing Regulation:
D. Enforcement of Auditing Standards and Code of Ethics
The enforcement of auditing standards and the code of 1. Licensing and Registration: BOA is
ethics is critical to maintain the integrity and credibility of responsible for the licensing and
the audit profession in the Philippines. Regulatory bodies, registration of CPAs in the Philippines. It
such as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) sets the qualifications and requirements
and the Board of Accountancy (BOA), play key roles in for individuals seeking to become CPAs,
ensuring compliance with these standards and ethical including educational attainment,
guidelines. Here's a sample summary of the enforcement practical experience, and passing the CPA
process: licensure examination.
Summary of Enforcement of Auditing Standards and Code
of Ethics: 2. Continuing Professional Development
1. Regulatory Oversight: The SEC and BOA are (CPD): BOA oversees the CPD program for
responsible for overseeing the auditing profession CPAs, which requires them to undergo
in the Philippines. They set and promulgate continuous training and education to stay
auditing standards, such as the Philippine updated with the latest developments in
Standards on Auditing (PSAs), and the Code of auditing practices, accounting standards,
Ethics for Professional Accountants. and regulatory requirements.
2. Mandatory Compliance: Auditing firms and
Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) are required 3. Development of Auditing Standards: BOA
to adhere to the established auditing standards is involved in the development and
and code of ethics during audit engagements and adoption of auditing standards applicable
other professional activities. in the Philippines. These standards, such
3. Quality Control Review: The regulatory bodies as the Philippine Standards on Auditing
conduct quality control reviews of auditing firms (PSAs), ensure consistency, quality, and
to assess their compliance with auditing transparency in audit engagements.
standards and the code of ethics. These reviews
help identify areas for improvement and ensure 4. Ethics and Professional Conduct: BOA
that audits are conducted in accordance with sets and enforces the Code of Ethics for
professional standards. Professional Accountants, which outlines
4. Disciplinary Actions: In cases of non-compliance the ethical principles and responsibilities
or ethical violations, the regulatory bodies have that CPAs must adhere to in their
the authority to take disciplinary actions against professional practice. This code
auditors or auditing firms. Disciplinary measures emphasizes independence, integrity, and
may include warnings, fines, license suspension, objectivity in auditing engagements.
5. Quality Control Review: BOA conducts continually enhance their knowledge and
quality control reviews of auditing firms to skills and stay up-to-date with the latest
assess their compliance with professional developments in the accounting
standards and ethics. The review process profession.
helps identify areas for improvement and
ensures that audit engagements are 4. Code of Ethics: CPAs are bound by a Code
conducted with competence and diligence. of Ethics for Professional Accountants,
established by the Board of Accountancy.
6. Regulatory Enforcement: BOA has the The code outlines ethical principles and
authority to investigate complaints and responsibilities that CPAs must uphold in
alleged violations of auditing standards or their professional practice, including
ethical guidelines by CPAs. If violations independence, integrity, and
are found, BOA may take disciplinary confidentiality.
actions, including sanctions, fines,
suspension, or revocation of CPA licenses. 5. Regulatory Compliance: The Board of
Accountancy ensures that CPAs comply
7. Collaboration with Professional with the regulatory requirements
Organizations: BOA collaborates with throughout their professional careers.
professional organizations, such as the CPAs are expected to adhere to the
Philippine Institute of Certified Public standards set by BOA and maintain their
Accountants (PICPA), to promote the licenses by fulfilling CPD obligations.
interests of the accounting profession and
align regulatory efforts with industry 6. Disciplinary Actions: In cases of
needs. professional misconduct or violations of
ethical guidelines, the Board of
8. Public Interest Protection: BOA's primary Accountancy has the authority to take
objective is to protect the public interest disciplinary actions against CPAs. These
by upholding high standards of actions may include sanctions, fines,
competence, integrity, and ethics in the suspension, or revocation of their CPA
audit profession. This commitment licenses, depending on the severity of the
ensures that auditors serve as trusted violation.
advisors in financial reporting and
corporate governance. 7. Collaboration with Professional
Organizations: The Board of Accountancy
Through its proactive approach to auditing collaborates with professional
regulation, BOA maintains the integrity and organizations, such as the Philippine
credibility of the CPA profession in the Philippines. Institute of Certified Public Accountants
By setting stringent licensing requirements, (PICPA), to promote the interests of the
enforcing ethical conduct, and fostering accounting profession and align
continuous professional development, BOA regulatory efforts with industry needs.
ensures that CPAs are well-equipped to meet the
challenges of auditing in a dynamic and evolving 8. Public Interest Protection: The licensing
business environment. and regulation of CPAs are designed to
B. Licensing and Regulation of Certified Public protect the public interest by ensuring
Accountants (CPAs) that individuals practicing as CPAs
The licensing and regulation of Certified Public possess the necessary qualifications,
Accountants (CPAs) in the Philippines are skills, and ethical standards to provide
overseen by the Board of Accountancy (BOA). This reliable and competent accounting
regulatory process ensures that CPAs meet services.
specific qualifications, demonstrate competence,
and adhere to ethical standards, thereby By overseeing the licensing and regulation of
upholding the integrity and credibility of the CPAs, the Board of Accountancy plays a crucial
accounting profession. Here's a sample summary role in maintaining the professional standards and
of the licensing and regulation of CPAs: ethical conduct of accountants in the Philippines.
This regulatory oversight enhances the credibility
Summary of Licensing and Regulation of Certified of the accounting profession and fosters public
Public Accountants (CPAs): trust in the financial reporting and assurance
services provided by CPAs.
1. Qualification Requirements: To become a
CPA in the Philippines, individuals must C. Continuing Professional Development (CPD)
meet specific qualification requirements Requirements for CPAs
set by the Board of Accountancy. These Continuing Professional Development (CPD) is a
requirements typically include completing vital aspect of the regulatory framework for
a bachelor's degree in accounting or Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) in the
related fields, passing the CPA licensure Philippines. The Board of Accountancy (BOA)
examination, and fulfilling practical requires CPAs to undergo continuous learning and
experience hours. professional development to enhance their
knowledge, skills, and competencies. Here's a
2. CPA Licensure Examination: The CPA sample summary of the CPD requirements for
licensure examination is conducted by the CPAs:
Board of Accountancy. The exam assesses
candidates' knowledge and competency in Summary of Continuing Professional Development
various areas of accounting, auditing, (CPD) Requirements for CPAs:
taxation, and business law. Successful
candidates are granted their CPA licenses, 1. Mandatory CPD Program: The Board of
allowing them to practice as professional Accountancy has implemented a
accountants. mandatory CPD program for all CPAs in
the Philippines. This program is designed
3. Continuing Professional Development to ensure that CPAs continually update
(CPD): After obtaining their CPA licenses, their knowledge and stay abreast of the
CPAs are required to participate in latest developments in accounting,
Continuing Professional Development auditing, taxation, and other relevant
(CPD) programs. CPD ensures that CPAs areas.
enforcement of professional standards and ethics for
2. CPD Credit Units: CPAs are required to CPAs:
earn a specified number of CPD credit Summary of Enforcement of Professional Standards and
units within a defined period to maintain Ethics for CPAs:
their professional licenses. These credit 1. Code of Ethics for CPAs: The Board of
units are earned through attending CPD Accountancy (BOA) has established a
seminars, workshops, conferences, comprehensive Code of Ethics for Professional
training sessions, and other relevant Accountants that outlines the ethical principles
educational activities. and responsibilities expected of CPAs. This code
emphasizes integrity, objectivity, confidentiality,
3. Different CPD Categories: The CPD and professional behavior in all aspects of their
program offers various categories of practice.
learning opportunities, allowing CPAs to 2. Regulatory Oversight: The BOA and the
choose activities that align with their Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) play a
professional interests and areas of key role in regulating and overseeing CPAs'
expertise. These categories may include professional conduct. They are responsible for
technical, ethical, managerial, and other enforcing the Code of Ethics and professional
subjects relevant to the accounting standards established for the accounting
profession. profession.
3. Quality Control Reviews: The regulatory bodies
4. Accredited CPD Providers: The BOA conduct quality control reviews of auditing firms
accredits organizations and institutions as and CPAs to assess their compliance with
CPD providers to ensure the quality and professional standards and ethical guidelines.
relevance of the CPD activities offered to These reviews help identify any deficiencies or
CPAs. Accredited providers offer courses areas for improvement and ensure the delivery of
and programs that meet the standards set high-quality services.
by the BOA. 4. Investigative Process: The BOA and the PRC have
the authority to investigate complaints and
5. Compliance Reporting: CPAs are required reported violations of professional standards and
to document and keep records of their ethics by CPAs. The investigative process aims to
CPD activities, including certificates of uncover any misconduct, breaches of ethics, or
attendance or completion. They must non-compliance with standards.
submit reports of their completed CPD 5. Disciplinary Actions: In cases of proven violations,
credit units to the BOA during the license the regulatory bodies may take disciplinary
renewal process. actions against CPAs. These actions may include
warnings, fines, suspension, or revocation of the
6. Exemptions and Extensions: The BOA CPA license, depending on the gravity of the
may grant exemptions or extensions for offense.
CPD requirements in certain cases, such 6. Public Disclosure: The results of quality control
as medical reasons, military service, or reviews, investigations, and disciplinary actions
other valid reasons that hinder are documented and, if necessary, disclosed to the
compliance. However, CPAs must apply public. Public disclosure reinforces transparency
for exemptions or extensions and provide and accountability within the accounting
necessary documentation. profession.
7. Collaboration with Professional Organizations: The
7. Enforcement and Sanctions: Non- BOA collaborates with professional organizations,
compliance with CPD requirements may such as the Philippine Institute of Certified Public
result in sanctions by the BOA, ranging Accountants (PICPA), to promote and enforce
from warnings to the suspension or professional standards and ethical conduct among
revocation of the CPA license. Strict CPAs.
enforcement of CPD ensures that CPAs 8. Continuing Professional Development (CPD): The
maintain their competence and uphold CPD program also serves as a platform for
professional standards. reinforcing ethical principles and professional
standards. CPAs are encouraged to participate in
8. Professional Growth and Development: CPD activities that address ethical dilemmas and
CPD serves as a platform for CPAs to challenges in their profession.
enhance their skills, broaden their Enforcing professional standards and ethics for CPAs is
knowledge, and acquire new essential to safeguard the public interest, maintain trust
competencies. It helps CPAs remain in the accounting profession, and uphold the credibility of
relevant and competent in a dynamic and financial reporting. The regulatory bodies' commitment to
rapidly changing business environment. robust enforcement fosters accountability, transparency,
and ethical behavior among CPAs, ensuring that they
Continuing Professional Development (CPD) is an continue to serve as reliable and trusted financial
integral part of a CPA's professional journey, professionals in the Philippines.
ensuring that they remain well-informed,
adaptable, and proficient in their roles. By III. Philippine Financial Reporting Standards (PFRS)
participating in CPD activities, CPAs continually A. Adoption and Application of PFRS
enhance their value as trusted financial
professionals, contributing to the overall growth The adoption and application of the Philippine
and credibility of the accounting profession in the Financial Reporting Standards (PFRS) is a
Philippines. significant milestone in the accounting and
financial reporting practices of companies in the
D. Enforcement of Professional Standards and Ethics for
CPAs Philippines. PFRS aligns the country's accounting
The enforcement of professional standards and ethics is a standards with the International Financial
crucial aspect of maintaining the integrity and credibility Reporting Standards (IFRS), promoting
of Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) in the Philippines. consistency, comparability, and transparency in
Regulatory bodies, such as the Board of Accountancy financial reporting. Here's a sample summary of
(BOA) and the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC), the adoption and application of PFRS:
are responsible for overseeing and enforcing these
Summary of Adoption and Application of
standards to ensure CPAs' adherence to ethical principles
and professional conduct. Here's a sample summary of the Philippine Financial Reporting Standards (PFRS):
1. Convergence with IFRS: The Philippine Financial summary of the role of auditors in ensuring
Reporting Standards (PFRS) were introduced to compliance with PFRS:
converge with the International Financial Summary of the Role of Auditors in Ensuring
Reporting Standards (IFRS). This convergence Compliance with Philippine Financial Reporting
aimed to enhance the credibility of financial Standards (PFRS):
reporting in the Philippines and facilitate cross- 1. Conducting Audits: Auditors are engaged by
border investment and comparison of financial companies to perform financial statement audits.
information globally. During these audits, auditors review and examine
2. Adoption Timeline: The adoption of PFRS occurred the financial records, transactions, and
in several phases, with the full adoption completed accounting practices of the entity to ensure
over a specific timeline. Companies were required compliance with PFRS.
to transition from the previous accounting 2. Evaluating Accounting Policies: Auditors assess
standards (Philippine Generally Accepted whether the entity's accounting policies are in
Accounting Principles or P-GAAP) to PFRS. accordance with the relevant PFRS requirements.
3. Financial Statement Presentation: PFRS outlines They verify that the selected accounting policies
the framework for the preparation and are applied consistently and result in accurate
presentation of financial statements. It provides financial reporting.
guidance on the format, content, and classification 3. Fair Value Assessments: When financial
of financial information to ensure consistency and instruments or assets are measured at fair value
comparability across entities. under PFRS, auditors evaluate the entity's fair
4. Accounting Policies: PFRS sets out the principles value assessments to ensure they are based on
and requirements for selecting and applying reliable and relevant information.
accounting policies. Entities must use judgment 4. Disclosure Verification: Auditors verify the
in applying these policies to present financial adequacy and accuracy of the disclosures made by
information that faithfully represents their the entity in its financial statements as required
financial position, performance, and cash flows. by PFRS. They ensure that all material
5. Fair Value Measurement: PFRS introduces the information is properly disclosed for stakeholders'
concept of fair value measurement for certain understanding.
assets, liabilities, and financial instruments. Fair 5. Assessment of Financial Statement Presentation:
value measurement enhances the relevance of Auditors evaluate the overall presentation of the
financial information and reflects market-based financial statements to confirm that they conform
values. to the prescribed formats and classifications
6. Disclosure Requirements: PFRS includes under PFRS.
comprehensive disclosure requirements, ensuring 6. Going Concern Assumption: Auditors assess
that entities provide sufficient and relevant whether the entity's financial statements are
information to users of financial statements. prepared on a going concern basis, as required by
These disclosures help stakeholders understand PFRS. They evaluate the entity's ability to
the company's financial position, performance, continue its operations for the foreseeable future.
and risks. 7. Auditor's Report: After completing the audit, the
7. Impact on Businesses: The adoption of PFRS auditor issues an audit report expressing their
required companies to undertake significant professional opinion on the fairness of the
changes in their accounting policies, systems, and financial statements in accordance with PFRS.
reporting processes. This transition involved The audit report provides stakeholders with
extensive training and adjustments to ensure assurance on the reliability of the financial
compliance with the new standards. information.
8. Continuing Updates and Amendments: PFRS is 8. Communication with Management and Audit
subject to updates and amendments to keep pace Committee: Throughout the audit process,
with changes in the global accounting landscape. auditors maintain communication with
Companies are required to stay informed about management and the audit committee to address
these updates and incorporate them into their any identified issues and provide
financial reporting. recommendations for improvement.
The adoption and application of PFRS in the 9. Ethical Considerations: Auditors adhere to a strict
Philippines have improved the quality and code of ethics, including independence, objectivity,
reliability of financial reporting, providing and confidentiality, while performing their audit
stakeholders with more meaningful and engagements to maintain the integrity and
comparable information. By aligning with credibility of their work.
international accounting standards, PFRS has By diligently fulfilling their role, auditors
enhanced the country's attractiveness to global contribute to the trust and confidence that
investors and strengthened its position in the stakeholders place in financial reporting. Their
international business community. independent and objective assessments help
ensure that entities comply with PFRS, enabling
B. Role of Auditors in Ensuring Compliance with stakeholders to make informed decisions based on
PFRS reliable financial information.
2. The Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants in the 12. Which regulatory body has the authority to suspend or
Philippines is based on which international ethics revoke the license of a Certified Public Accountant (CPA)
framework? found guilty of misconduct?
a. International Code of Ethics for Accountants (ICAEW) a. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
b. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) b. Philippine Institute of Certified Public Accountants
c. International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (PICPA)
(IESBA) c. Professional Regulations Commission (PRC)
d. International Standards on Auditing (ISA) d. Board of Accountancy (BOA)
3. The Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants in the 13. The Philippine Accountancy Act requires auditors to
Philippines applies to which of the following professionals? conduct their engagements with due professional care.
a. Lawyers and attorneys What does "due professional care" mean in this context?
b. Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) a. Exercising professional skepticism in all audit
c. Doctors and medical practitioners procedures
d. Engineers and architects b. Performing the audit in compliance with international
standards
4. The Board of Accountancy (BOA) is a regulatory body c. Conducting the audit with the highest level of
under the supervision of the: professional judgment and diligence
a. Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) d. Conducting the audit in a timely manner and within
b. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) budget constraints
c. Professional Regulations Commission (PRC)
d. Department of Finance (DOF) 14. A professional accountant who is aware of illegal acts
committed by their client but fails to report the matter to
5. What is the role of the Board of Accountancy (BOA) in the appropriate authorities may face a threat to their
the regulatory framework for auditing? compliance with which ethical principle?
a. Setting financial reporting standards for companies a. Professional Competence and Due Care
b. Overseeing the Philippine Stock Exchange (PSE) b. Integrity
c. Conducting inspections of audit firms c. Objectivity
d. Setting auditing standards in the Philippines d. Professional Behavior
72. A professional accountant who is pressured to 81. Which ethical principle requires accountants to be
manipulate financial statements may face a threat to their honest and straightforward in their professional and
compliance with which ethical principle? business relationships?
a. Integrity a. Integrity
b. Objectivity b. Objectivity
c. Professional Competence and Due Care c. Professional Competence and Due Care
d. Professional Behavior d. Professional Behavior
73. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in 82. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in
the Philippines has the authority to investigate and the Philippines is responsible for enforcing compliance
discipline: with financial reporting standards for which type of
a. All accountants practicing in the country companies?
b. Only Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) who work for a. Sole proprietorships
publicly listed companies b. Private limited companies
c. Only Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) who are in c. Publicly listed companies
public practice d. Non-profit organizations
d. Only Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) who are
members of PICPA 83. A professional accountant who is under pressure to
disclose confidential client information to the public may
74. The Professional Regulations Commission (PRC) is face a threat to their compliance with which ethical
composed of how many commissioners? principle?
a. Three commissioners a. Integrity
b. Five commissioners b. Objectivity
c. Seven commissioners c. Confidentiality
d. Nine commissioners d. Professional Behavior
75. A professional accountant who has a close personal 84. The Board of Accountancy (BOA) in the Philippines is
relationship with a director of a client entity may face a composed of members who are appointed by the:
threat to their independence known as: a. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
a. Advocacy threat b. Professional Regulations Commission (PRC)
b. Self-interest threat c. Philippine Institute of Certified Public Accountants
c. Familiarity threat (PICPA)
d. Intimidation threat d. Department of Finance (DOF)
76. The Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants in the 85. The Philippine Standards on Auditing (PSAs) are
Philippines requires accountants to refrain from disclosing designed to ensure that auditors comply with which of the
any confidential information obtained during the course of following principles while conducting an audit
their work. Which ethical principle does this requirement engagement?
align with? a. Professional Independence
a. Integrity b. Professional Skepticism
b. Objectivity c. Professional Integrity
c. Confidentiality d. Professional Competence
d. Professional Behavior
86. A professional accountant who is pressured to
77. A professional accountant who is threatened with misrepresent financial information may face a threat to
legal action for disagreeing with a client's management their compliance with which ethical principle?
may face a threat to their compliance with which ethical a. Integrity
principle? b. Objectivity
a. Integrity c. Professional Competence and Due Care
b. Objectivity d. Professional Behavior
c. Professional Competence and Due Care
d. Professional Behavior 87. The Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants in the
Philippines requires accountants to provide professional
78. The Philippine Standards on Auditing (PSAs) are services diligently and in accordance with:
formulated to ensure that auditors conduct their audits a. The International Ethics Standards Board for
with: Accountants (IESBA) Code of Ethics
a. Due professional care b. The Philippine Financial Reporting Standards (PFRS)
b. Highest level of skepticism c. The International Standards on Auditing (ISAs)
c. Independence and objectivity d. The Philippine Standards on Auditing (PSAs)
d. Professional skepticism
88. A professional accountant who is under pressure to
79. The Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants in the issue an unqualified audit opinion when the financial
Philippines requires accountants to avoid conflicts of statements contain material misstatements may face a
interest, which means they should not: threat to their compliance with which ethical principle?
a. Have any financial interest in a client entity a. Integrity
b. Be associated with information they believe contains a b. Objectivity
false statement c. Professional Competence and Due Care
c. Perform audit engagements for friends or close family d. Professional Behavior
members
d. Accept gifts or hospitality that might impair their 89. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in the
independence Philippines is responsible for promoting:
a. Competition among accounting firms
b. Fair competition among publicly listed companies
c. Transparency and accountability in financial reporting statements are fairly presented may face a threat to their
d. The use of international accounting standards in the compliance with which ethical principle?
country a. Integrity
b. Objectivity
90. A professional accountant who is pressured to change c. Professional Competence and Due Care
audit procedures to reduce the extent of testing may face a d. Professional Behavior
threat to their compliance with which ethical principle?
a. Integrity 99. The Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants in the
b. Objectivity Philippines requires accountants to avoid any action that
c. Professional Competence and Due Care may discredit the profession. Which ethical principle does
d. Professional Behavior this requirement align with?
a. Integrity
91. The Philippine Standards on Auditing (PSAs) are b. Objectivity
developed by the Board of Accountancy (BOA) in c. Professional Competence and Due Care
collaboration with which of the following organizations? d. Professional Behavior
a. Philippine Institute of Certified Public Accountants
(PICPA) TRUE OR FALSE
b. Professional Regulations Commission (PRC)
c. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) 1. True or False: The Philippine Accountancy
d. Philippine Financial Reporting Standards Council Act is a law that regulates the practice of
(FRSC) accountancy in the Philippines.
92. A professional accountant who is under pressure to 2. True or False: The Professional
issue a qualified audit opinion when the financial Regulations Commission (PRC) is
statements contain no material misstatements may face a responsible for regulating various
threat to their compliance with which ethical principle? professions in the Philippines, including
a. Integrity accountancy.
b. Objectivity
c. Professional Competence and Due Care 3. True or False: The PRC is composed of five
d. Professional Behavior commissioners who are appointed by the
President of the Philippines.
93. The Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants in the
Philippines requires accountants to act diligently in 4. True or False: The Code of Ethics for
accordance with applicable technical and professional Professional Accountants in the
standards. Which ethical principle does this requirement Philippines is issued by the Securities and
align with? Exchange Commission (SEC).
a. Integrity
b. Objectivity 5. True or False: The Code of Ethics for
c. Professional Competence and Due Care Professional Accountants in the
d. Professional Behavior Philippines applies only to Certified Public
Accountants (CPAs) in public practice.
94. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in
the Philippines is responsible for ensuring the accuracy 6. True or False: The Code of Ethics for
and completeness of financial statements of which type of Professional Accountants in the
companies? Philippines requires accountants to
a. Sole proprietorships comply with all relevant laws and
b. Partnership firms regulations.
c. Corporations and publicly listed companies
d. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) 7. True or False: The Code of Ethics for
Professional Accountants in the
95. A professional accountant who is threatened with Philippines requires accountants to
legal action for refusing to violate professional standards exercise due professional care in their
may face a threat to their compliance with which ethical professional activities.
principle?
a. Integrity 8. True or False: The Code of Ethics for
b. Objectivity Professional Accountants in the
c. Professional Competence and Due Care Philippines requires accountants to avoid
d. Professional Behavior conflicts of interest in all professional and
business relationships.
96. The Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants in the
Philippines requires accountants to comply with the 9. True or False: The Code of Ethics for
fundamental principles of: Professional Accountants in the
a. Integrity, Objectivity, and Independence Philippines requires accountants to
b. Integrity, Objectivity, Professional Competence, and Due refrain from disclosing any confidential
Care information obtained during the course of
c. Integrity, Objectivity, Professional Competence, and their work.
Confidentiality
d. Integrity, Objectivity, Independence, and Professional 10. True or False: The Board of Accountancy
Behavior (BOA) is responsible for issuing licenses to
qualified Certified Public Accountants
97. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in (CPAs) in the Philippines.
the Philippines has the authority to impose sanctions and
penalties on publicly listed companies that fail to comply 11. True or False: The BOA is composed of
with financial reporting requirements. What type of seven commissioners who are appointed
sanctions can the SEC impose? by the Professional Regulations
a. Imprisonment for company directors Commission (PRC).
b. Fines and penalties
c. Suspension of company operations 12. True or False: The BOA is responsible for
d. Revocation of the company's business license setting and implementing auditing
standards in the Philippines.
98. A professional accountant who is under pressure to
issue an adverse audit opinion when the financial 13. True or False: The BOA works closely with
the Philippine Institute of Certified Public
Accountants (PICPA) to develop 28. True or False: The BOA has the authority
accounting and auditing standards. to issue the Philippine Financial Reporting
Standards (PFRS).
14. True or False: The BOA has the authority
to inspect and assess the quality of audit 29. True or False: The PSAs are formulated to
services provided by auditing firms in the ensure that auditors conduct their audits
Philippines. with professional skepticism.
15. True or False: The BOA is responsible for 30. True or False: The PSAs apply only to
enforcing compliance with financial auditors in public practice and do not
reporting standards for publicly listed cover auditors working in the public
companies in the Philippines. sector or business.
16. True or False: The Philippine Standards 31. True or False: The Philippine Accountancy
on Auditing (PSAs) are based on the Act grants the BOA the authority to issue
International Standards on Auditing (ISAs) licenses to individuals who have met the
issued by the International Auditing and qualification requirements for Certified
Assurance Standards Board (IAASB). Public Accountants (CPAs).
17. True or False: The PSAs provide guidance 32. True or False: The BOA is composed of
to auditors on how to conduct an audit nine commissioners who are appointed by
engagement and issue an audit report. the President of the Philippines.
18. True or False: The PSAs are primarily 33. True or False: The Code of Ethics for
aimed at providing guidance to companies Professional Accountants in the
on how to prepare their financial Philippines requires accountants to
statements. disclose any confidential information
obtained during the course of their work if
19. True or False: The Code of Ethics for required by law or authorized by the
Professional Accountants in the client.
Philippines requires accountants to
maintain their professional knowledge and 34. True or False: The BOA is responsible for
skill at a level required to ensure regulating the financial reporting of
competent professional service. publicly listed companies in the
Philippines.
20. True or False: The Code of Ethics for
Professional Accountants in the 35. True or False: The PSAs are based on the
Philippines requires accountants to be Philippine Financial Reporting Standards
honest and straightforward in all (PFRS) issued by the Philippine Financial
professional and business relationships. Reporting Standards Council (FRSC).
21. True or False: The Code of Ethics for 36. True or False: The PSAs are designed to
Professional Accountants in the ensure that auditors comply with the
Philippines requires accountants to avoid fundamental principles of integrity,
being associated with information they objectivity, professional competence, and
believe contains a materially false or confidentiality.
misleading statement.
37. True or False: The PSAs provide guidance
22. True or False: The Philippine Accountancy to auditors on how to prepare financial
Act grants the Professional Regulations statements and disclosures for various
Commission (PRC) the authority to types of entities.
suspend or revoke the license of a
Certified Public Accountant (CPA) for a 38. True or False: The Code of Ethics for
specified period. Professional Accountants in the
Philippines requires accountants to be
23. True or False: The Philippine Accountancy independent and avoid any relationship
Act requires all accountants, regardless of that may compromise their objectivity.
their role, to be licensed by the PRC to
practice accountancy in the Philippines. 39. True or False: The BOA has the authority
to suspend or revoke the license of a
24. True or False: The Philippine Accountancy Certified Public Accountant (CPA)
Act empowers the PRC to investigate and permanently for violations of the
discipline CPAs for violations of the Act Philippine Accountancy Act.
and the Code of Ethics.
40. True or False: The Philippine Accountancy
25. True or False: The Code of Ethics for Act empowers the BOA to inspect and
Professional Accountants in the assess the quality of audit services
Philippines requires accountants to provided by auditing firms in the
disclose confidential information if it is in Philippines.
the public interest to do so.
41. True or False: The Philippine Accountancy
26. True or False: The PRC is responsible for Act grants the BOA the authority to
regulating the financial reporting of investigate and discipline CPAs for
publicly listed companies in the violations of the Act and the Code of
Philippines. Ethics.
27. True or False: The Code of Ethics for 42. True or False: The Code of Ethics for
Professional Accountants in the Professional Accountants in the
Philippines requires accountants to avoid Philippines requires accountants to
any action that may discredit the provide services with professional
profession. competence and due care.
43. True or False: The BOA has the authority
to impose sanctions and penalties on 10. The ___________ is responsible for issuing licenses
publicly listed companies that fail to to qualified Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) in
comply with financial reporting the Philippines.
requirements.
11. The BOA is composed of ___________
44. True or False: The PSAs are developed by commissioners who are appointed by the
the BOA in collaboration with the ___________.
Philippine Institute of Certified Public
Accountants (PICPA). 12. The BOA is responsible for setting and
implementing ___________ standards in the
45. True or False: The Philippine Accountancy Philippines.
Act empowers the PRC to suspend or
revoke the license of a Certified Public 13. The BOA works closely with the ___________ to
Accountant (CPA) permanently for develop accounting and auditing standards.
violations of the Act.
14. The BOA has the authority to inspect and assess
46. True or False: The Code of Ethics for the quality of ___________ provided by auditing
Professional Accountants in the firms in the Philippines.
Philippines requires accountants to avoid
any relationship that may compromise 15. The ___________ are formulated to ensure that
their independence. auditors conduct their audits with professional
skepticism.
47. True or False: The BOA has the authority
to issue licenses to qualified Certified 16. The PSAs provide guidance to auditors on how to
Public Accountants (CPAs) and oversee conduct an ___________ engagement and issue an
the accountancy profession in the audit report.
Philippines.
17. The PSAs are based on the ___________ issued by
48. True or False: The BOA is responsible for the ___________.
setting financial reporting standards for
publicly listed companies in the 18. The Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants in
Philippines. the Philippines requires accountants to maintain
their professional ___________ and ___________ at a
49. True or False: The Philippine Accountancy level required to ensure competent professional
Act empowers the PRC to investigate and service.
discipline accountants for violations of the
Act, but it does not have the authority to 19. The Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants in
revoke their licenses permanently. the Philippines requires accountants to be honest
and ___________ in all professional and business
50. True or False: The PSAs are designed to relationships.
ensure that auditors conduct their audits
with due professional care and objectivity. 20. The Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants in
Answer: True the Philippines requires accountants to avoid
being associated with information they believe
FILL IN THE BLANK contains a materially ___________ statement.
1. The ___________ is a law that regulates the practice
of accountancy in the Philippines. 21. The Philippine Accountancy Act grants the PRC
the authority to ___________ the license of a
2. The ___________ is responsible for regulating Certified Public Accountant (CPA) for a specified
various professions in the Philippines, including period.
accountancy.
22. The Philippine Accountancy Act requires all
3. The PRC is composed of _________ commissioners accountants, regardless of their role, to be
who are appointed by the President of the ___________ by the PRC to practice accountancy in
Philippines. the Philippines.
4. The ___________ is issued by the Professional 23. The Philippine Accountancy Act empowers the
Regulations Commission (PRC) and provides PRC to ___________ and ___________ CPAs for
guidance to professional accountants in the violations of the Act and the Code of Ethics.
Philippines.
24. The Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants in
5. The Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants in the Philippines requires accountants to disclose
the Philippines applies to all Certified Public ___________ information if it is in the ___________
Accountants (CPAs) in __________. interest to do so.
6. The Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants in 25. The PRC is responsible for regulating the financial
the Philippines requires accountants to comply ___________ of ___________ in the Philippines.
with all relevant __________ and __________.
26. The Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants in
7. The Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants in the Philippines requires accountants to avoid any
the Philippines requires accountants to exercise ___________ that may compromise their
due __________ in their professional activities. ___________.
8. The Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants in 27. The BOA has the authority to ___________ or
the Philippines requires accountants to avoid ___________ the license of a Certified Public
conflicts of __________ in all professional and Accountant (CPA) permanently for violations of the
business relationships. Philippine Accountancy Act.
9. The Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants in 28. The Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants in
the Philippines requires accountants to refrain the Philippines requires accountants to avoid any
from disclosing any __________ information action that may ___________ the profession.
obtained during the course of their work.
29. The PSAs are designed to ensure that auditors 47. The PSAs are designed to ensure that auditors
conduct their audits with due professional conduct their audits with due professional
___________ and ___________. ___________ and ___________.
30. The PSAs apply to auditors in ___________ practice, 48. The PSAs apply to auditors in ___________ practice,
as well as auditors working in the public as well as auditors working in the public
___________ or business. ___________ or business.
31. The PSAs provide guidance to auditors on how to 49. The PSAs provide guidance to auditors on how to
prepare financial statements and ___________ for prepare financial statements and ___________ for
various types of ___________. various types of ___________.
32. The Philippine Accountancy Act grants the BOA 50. The Philippine Accountancy Act grants the BOA
the authority to issue ___________ to individuals the authority to issue ___________ to individuals
who have met the qualification requirements for who have met the qualification requirements for
Certified Public Accountants (CPAs). Certified Public Accountants (CPAs).