ALGEBRA 01

Algebra
·

al-jabr =
restoration
·
science of restoration, completion, reduction or balancing
Number
·
describes magnitude or position
CARdinal describes magnitude
RDinal describesposition (order)

NUMBER SYSTEM

COMPLEX NUMBERS

REAL Numbers IMAGINARY Numbers

IRRATIONAL RATIONAL

NON-INTEGERS INTEGERS

Negative Zero Positive

Prime Composite

NUMBERS
COMPLEX

composed of REAL and IMAGINARY

·

·
"GAUSSIAN INTEGER"
·
Plotin Argand Diagram"
·
atbi (ab are both real numbers)

If a 0, Otbi ("Pure imaginary number")

=

If b 0, a + bi ("Real number")
=
IMAGINARY NUMBERS

Leonard Euler
·
Factorial Sign "!" Christian Kramp
**
·

Equal Sign
-
Robert Recorde

RATIONAL NUMBERS
whole number

can be expressed in ratio oftwo integer

Example:
·

2,23, 0.25, 0.1111 ...

(((4)(((9)

IRRATIONAL NUMBERS

·
be
cannot expressed in ratio of two integer
·
Example: 4.e, (first known irrational)
·
"Transcendental Numbers"

RATIONAL NUMBERS
Integer
consistof zero, positive natural numbers (whole nos. I counting nos) and their opposites [...-3, -2, +, 0, 1, 2,33
·

Counting numbers (1, 2, 3, 4....3

·

Non-Integer
·

Terminating decimals
EX. 0.5, 1/2
·

Non-terminating but repeating decimals

EX. 0.636363...:7/11
⑧upeple
1. Which of the following best describes 7 + 0i?
⑨a bi
+

a. Irrational number c. Complex Number

b. Real Number d. Surd
a bi +

expressing rational radical

- ~
real b 0 ..
=

2. Which of three following is not a rational number?

a. 5 c. 1/4
b. 0.227272727… d. 2 irrational ↑ firstknown

PRIMENUMBERS

·
natural number greater than I thathas no positive divisors other than I and itself (EX. 2, 3, 5, 7)

COMPOSITE NUMBERS

positive integer that has at leastone divisor other than itself (EX. 4, 6, 8, 9, 10)
·

⑧upeple
3. Which of the following is a Happy Number ?
a. 143 c. 70
b. 69 d. 12

NOTE:HappyNumbers
·

starting with any positive integer, replace the number by the

sum of the square of its digits, and repeatthe process until

the number equals 1.

EX:70
y2 + 02
49g2 gy
=

9 7 130
+
=

p + 3 + 82 10
=

R +0 1
=

·
TO is Happy Number
RADICAL NUMBERS
·
the symbol that indicates the root,
Radical refersto

·
lyNPEY Radicand
coefficient
of the Radical

AWS OFEXPONENTS A RADICALS

amane ngm ngm

n
am x q" qm+ = =

am
"a na
n
gm
-

= =

an g-m =

gm
qm" gmn na.nb
"
=
=
ab
go =

(ab)m amym =

SIGNIFICANT FIGURES (DIGITS)

·

The significant figures of a number are those digits thatcarry meaning contributing toits precision.

No. of Significant Figures

#34 1
7000
T

200500
↑
%
r

600.00 ↳
b
0.0001 r

0.200 -
1

0.00.3803

SIGNIFICANT FIGURES (DIGITS)

woutDecimal w/ Decimal
-

trailing zeros are insignificant -

countfrom Right to left and stop ata

only
LAST NON ZERO digit

70000 I ·EQA 5 =

0.000=1
0.280
0.003808:4
#

↑
⑧upeple
5. The time of swing t seconds, of a single pendulum is given by the equation
below. Determine the time correct to 3 decimal places, given that L= 12.0 and g=
9.81. ↳
3SD (answer least no. of sighigs)

t
24g
=

a. 6.949 c. 6.94
b. 6.950 d. 7.00

So
t 2π12.0
=

9.87

t =

6949218829 = 6.95

ROUNDING OFF NUMBERS

·

ROUND UP (6,7,8,9) ·
Decimal ending in 5
·
RETAIN (4,3, 2, 1 retain
even

odd= round up

Round off to 4 significant digits

What if:102.45
(even, retain) What if:102.35(odd, up)
102.3
9.102.T
a.

b. 102. 4

GREATEST COMMON FACTOR CGCF)

·

largest counting numbers which is a factor of each given numbers

GCFof 10x20

FacOrSOOS12.5.ORO3
·
The GCF is the product of the smallest prime factors common to both
What is the greatest common factor (GCF) of 70 and 112
70 112
a. 2 Factor divisible ·

Use choices

b. 14 r/ TO ·
startwith greatest number
whole number
=

c. 7 ⑭ ·
check if itisa factor (divisible)
d. 35 ↑ X
112 whole
=

number
T

LEAST COMMON
MULTIPLE CLCM)
The LCM the productof the prime factors with the highest power in factorization
·
is
·
Use choices
·
startwith smallest number
·
check if itis a multiple

⑧upeple
7. A man has three pieces of rope with lengths of 140 cm, 168 cm, and 210 cm.
He wishes to cut the three pieces of rope in to smaller pieces of equal length
with no remainders. How many of the smaller pieces of rope of equal length can
he get altogether?

a. 74 c. 56
Regid=no. of smaller pieces of equal length, X
b. 14 d. 37 Assume largestcut per piece GCF =

So
Given:1400m, 160 cm, 210 cm 140 168 210

x 140 +
=

168 218
+

270 284 2 105

GOF
235 242 395

5 ↑ 22 57

140 (2)" (5)(7)

=

37 210 (2)(3)(5)(7)
=

168 (2)(3)(7)
=
Given:1400m, 160 cm, 210 cm

10-12)cy
x 140 +
=

168 218+

GOF

X 140
=

168 218
+
+

14 GCF (2) (7) 14

=

x=37 pieces

⑧upeple
8. Which of the following is the factor of the expression (1 98?
-

a.(1 a*)(1 + a))(1

+ -

a) CALCTECH(1 A0 -
=
255
-

b. (1 a4)(1 a+)
+
-

CALC A? 2 (any no.

c(1 at)(1 a))(1 t a)(1 a)
+ +
-

d.(1 as) (1 a4)

+
-

Trial & Error:Try all choices, til they match

So
Recall:Difference of two squares x y (x + y) (x y)
=
- -

(1 -

90) (1 (q))))
=
-

(1 a (1 a4)
+
=

-
+

(1 a)(1
+ -

a))

a) (1a)(1 -

·
(1+a4)(1 a?)(1 +a)(1 a)
+ -
CALCUTECHfor Algebraic solutions

unknown equation: Shift+ solve or Trial & Error CALC

equations:MODE5, I
2 unknowns 2
unknowns 3 equations: MODE 5, 2
Quadratic
Cubic
Equations: MODEe
Equations

⑧upeple x-5 17/4

9) solve for the value ofX:x5
=

08 CALCTECH
Best SOIn:CALC
-O of these ① equate equation to zero

X2(3 y(213 17/X 0

+
-
=

CALC X? (Use choices)

⑧upeple then what the value of X?

10)IfX 1 =
-

1 -

1 ... is

9.0.73 X 1 --p...
=

> same as I-1-...

10.67 INPUT to calc x 1 x(Shift+Solve)

=
=
-

=
0.618
⑧upeple 3

11. Given that x,y,z as positive real numbers such that x y z = (0.10) (600) . Solve 345

the value of the expression of (x + y + z ).

3 3 3

a. 216 c. 425
b. 325 d. 154

So
x y *25 (0.10) (600)- 2/600000
=

Req'd:x +

yz +

21600000 21600000 (3)" (2): (5)5 =

216 185
=
=
(2xx
·
(2x5) 25 55 x

·2108 Cn(ab)m guym=

(X)S(y)"(z)=
=

(3)(4) (5)5
=
+

254
+
y 25
x
x +
+

227 33 + 44 55 216 +
=

332 33 =

⑧upeple
12. Find the value of B in the equation:

A B
x+ 1= X 2 -
+
x+ 2

a. -1 c. -2
b. 3 d. 5

So
X 10
+

A B
=
+
x
-
4 X 2 -

x+ 2
(X 2)(X
+ -

2)

x +0 A(X+2) + B(X-2)
=

To solve for B:
-

2+ 10 A(2 2) B(2 2)
=

+
+ -

Assume x = -

2
8 B(4)
=

B -
=

2
REMAINDER THEOREN

f(X) Equate divisor to zero:

X r
-

Solve for X:
X r
-
=
0
Xr
=

f(r) remainder
=

FACTORTHEOREN
f(X) Equate divisor to zero:

X r
-

Solve for X:
X r
-
=
0
Xr
=

f(r) 0 (remainder)
=

:(X-r) is a factor

What is the remainder if 3x + 2x - 4x + x + 4 is divided by (x-2)?

4 3 2

50 (X 2) 0 f(2) remainder
·.
-
= =

54 solve for X; f(2) 3(2)" 2(2) 4(2)" + (2) + 4

=
+ -

52 X2 =

d.56 f(z) 54 =

CALCTECH
Input eg. calc
to 3x*
=

+ 2x -

4x x
+

4
+

CALC X? (X solved from X-V 0)=

⑧upeple
13. The expression x + ax + 5x + bx + 6 when divided by (x-2) leaves a
4 3 2

remainder of 16 and when divided by (x+1) leaves the remainder of 10. Find a
and b.

a. a = 5, b = 7 c. a = -5, b = -7
b. a = -5, b = 7 d. a = 5, b = -7

CALCTECH
TRIAL ERROR CALCX? remainder
+ 2
a 5,b 7
16
-
=
=

1
X" 5x 5x 7X 6
+ + + +

iB,a -
=

5,b 7 =
 OGARITHN
·

Logus ratio =

Arithmus. Number
·
:

John Napier (1614, 1610) Henry Briggs (1616)

-

Naperian logarithm -

Brigssian Logarithm
-

Natural logarithm -

Common Logarithm
-

Base "e" -

Base "10"

109e X In =

X 10910X 10g X
=

LOGARI THM
·

logarithm of which the base must be raised

the base "b"isthe exponentor power to
number Nto
to obtain "N"

109 N X =

use the antilog base N bX

=

>109>N 3X
=

PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHM

10g (Xy) 10g(x) 10g(y) 109,a 1

=
+
=

10g(X) 10g (x) 10g(y) 1090

- = -
8
=

10g x" nogX =

109yX
109,
=
PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHM
characteristics
·

integral part of a common logarithm

Mantios a
·
the non-negative decimal part
characteristics Mantissa logarithm ofthe number

cologarithm
clog(x) 10g 10g(X)
)
=

1
=

⑧upeple
14. What is the characteristic of the common logarithm 40.60?

a. -2 c. 1
b. 4 d. -3

So
109
(48.60):1.6526
R

⑧upeple
15. If log 2 = x and log 3 = y, what is the value of log 1.2?

a. 3x-2y+2 c. 2x+y-1
b. x+y+1 d. x+2y+1

SsON lOg (.2) 0.07918124605

=
CALCTECH
lOg (1.2) 0.07918124605
=

= 10g (t 10g. 10
109(1.2)
"
10g (2) ISHIFT STOREto X]
log (3) ISHIFT STORE to Y]
10g (12) 1
= -

109(2 3) 1 2x y 1 10g(1.2)
-
+
- =

+
-

1
21892 183
+
= -

2x y 1
=

+ -
suppeple 16. Given log x = 5y + log y. Find the value of x. d

a. x = a55 c. x = 5a
b. x = 5ay d. x = ya
"y

So
109, X 5y +10gaX x( ) a5]x
=

109aX-10gay 5y =

antige
x yp55
=

10ga
1);5y
(use

QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
·
General Form:Ax + BX + C 0 =

·
solutions:
1) Factoring
2) completing the Square
3)Oluadraticfor (mode5,3)
·
Let X, and X, be the roots of equation
x, Xz
B X, X2
A
=
-
+ =

CSUM) PRODUCT

·
Quadratic Formula
X -
=

BIB -4AC
2A

Discriminant Nature ofRoots

·RealR Equalalyclrota
B - 4AC 0 = de

B 4AC O
2
-

B2 4AC -
⑧upeple
17. A and B attempted to solve a quadratic equation. A made a mistake in writing
down the constant term and ended up in roots (4,3). B made a mistake in writing
down the coefficient of x to get the roots (3,2). What are the correct roots of the
equation?

a. (4,2) c. (4,-3)
b. (6,1) d. (3,-3)

So
STUDENT A STUDENT B

X4
=
-
>
(X 4) 0 -
=

X 3
= -

(X 3) 0
-
=

X3=
-

(X 3) 0 -
=

X2
=
-
>
(X 2) 0
-
=

(X 4)(X
- -

3) 0
=

(X 3)(x 2) 0
-
- =

5x 6 0
7x
12
2
xz 0 x
=

-
=
- +
+

. Correct Quadratic Equation is d b 2

x-7x 6 +
=
0 mode 5,3 ↓
-

7G
X =6X2 1
=

⑧upeple
18. Solve for the constant “m” in x - 4x + 3m = 0 if one root exceeds by the other
by 2.

a. 1 c. 2
b. 3 d. 5

SON TRIALD ERROR (choices)

MODE5,3

Try letter A a b C
m1 1 43
-

X -
4X 3(1) 0
1-3]
=

exceedsa re
x -
4x 3 0 +
=
DESCAPTES RULEOFSIGNS
"
highest roots =n
ax" bX"
3

cx" + dX e Cotal roots)

·
-
+ -

Possible REAL

positive negative complexor imaginary

max, real max maX- min (complex)
min. real min t min- max (complex)

DESCAPTES RULEOFSIGNS
No. of possible POSITIVEroots: No. of possible roots:
NEGATIVE

f(+X) original equation

=

f(+X) new equation

=

(max) equal to the number of sign (max) equal to the number of sign
changes changes
(mint) (mint)

Max. less than by an even number Max. less than by an even number
(0,2,4,...) until the resultis 1 0 or
(0,2,4,...) until the resultis 1 0 or

soppeple 19. The equation 3x + 4x + 3x - x - 3 = 0 has how many maximum possible

53

positive real roots?

a. 1 c. 3
b. 2 d. 4

So
f(TX) originalequation
=
(maxI equal the no.
to of sign changes

f(+ X) 3X" 4X5 + 3X X

=

+
-
-

I change in
sign

Maxpossible positive 1 =
goppeple...
20. The equation 3x + 4x + 3x - x - 3 = 0 has how many maximum possible real
roots?

a. 1 c. 3
b. 2 d. 4

So
For max. negative
f(x) new equation
=

f(x) 3(x)" 4( X) +3( X) - ( X)

+
=
+
- -
- -

3
f(x) 3X6 4X5 3x X;3
= - -

:max possible real roots

1 +3 4
=

soppeple
21. The equation 3x + 4x + 3x - x - 3 = 0 has how many minimum possible real
53

roots?

a. 1 c. 3
b. 2 d. 4

So To getminimum real roots:

Max. less than by an even number

(0,2,4,...) until the resultis 1 0 or

Prev. Prob

max. Positiveend min positive:it

·

Min possible real min positive min. negative

:Min possible real:1+1 =2

DESCAPTES RULEOFSIGNS

3x 4x5 3x
+
+ -

x 3
-

0
=

Possibilities n G (total roots)

=

REAL
complex or

+ -

Imaginary

I
I 3 E6
ALGEBRA 02
BINOMIAL EXPANSION

ExtXC,i, y)
(x y)"
+ -
1+ 2xX y- +

(x y)3
+

>x 3xy 3xy y

+ + +

*
(X y)
+

>X*+4xy 6xy +4xy" x* + +

(x y)5 X+5x+y + 10xy 10xy 5xy +y;

+

,
+

+ +

+
y)"
+

(X x5 5X y 10xy- 10x y 5xy y-

=
+ +
+ +
+

no. of terms of expansion in no

expansion of (x+y)" begins with x" and ends with y
with each term, the exponent on X decreases by1 and the exponent on x increases by
in eachterm sum of exponents on and X is always n
coefficient follows Pascal's triangle

Term involving r y nCr(X)n (y)

=

nr +
oth term: th nCr(X) (y)r
-

1
=

=1st term ofbinomial

X =

2nd term of binomial

example:
Dn
⑥

x.3x3 X
·

sum of exponents:SOE=n(n+1)
sum of coefficients:
substitute to every variable in each term

CASE1: 1st and 2nd terms are variables

SOC (x y)" = +
CASE 2: 2nd term is a constant (K)
"

SOC (X k)"=
+

(k)

⑧upeple
1. What is the middle term of the expansion of (x - 5 ) ?
2 8

8 ⑧
a. 43750 x c. 30030 x
b. 35000 x d. 59080 x
⑧ ⑧

SLIN
oth term

③ rtn nCr(X) 1(y)

n 1 r-
don't know what's middle term
+

yet
-

① we
=

② to getmiddle term
5th g(5 1(X3)8 1( 5)-
+
5
-
1

1
rm
=

1
-

=
-
+

g(k(X)) ( 5)
t
h
5 =
-

r
81
=

n
5 40(X%)(625)
+

th
rm 5
=

5th 43750x0
=

⑧upeple 2. Find the constant term with in the expansion of 2x

+
1)"
9.648 2.672
b. 682 d. 664

SLIN
① we don't know the constantterm yet
② to get it use
nr 1

(y)
r1
(X)
+

rth n(r) =

X29 rH(X 1)r-1

-

Xo
-

0 1 (9 =
-

1+ 1) -

1 (r -1) [SHIFTSOLVE]
r 7
=
 (x)n-r+ yore
weknowisthe constant term, plug again
⑨ now itback rtn n
to

7+ 84(2)"(X3)(X 3)
-

7=G72

⑧upeple "?
3. What is the term involving x in the given expansion of yz
8
-

9.432 120 yo
C.

d.210x

SLIN n -r+ -
① to get the term, applyrtn =n Cr(X) (y)
(y2)10 1(X )r-
-

1+ - 1
Xo =

8 2 ( 10=
-

rt1) 1 (r-))
-

SHIFT SOLVE]
v5
=

n r+

② the term involved is the 5th term,

-

plug it back to rtn =

n Cry (X) (y)

(X2)10 (X 1)1
n 5+
5 10(5
-
t

51 4
=
-
+ = -

51=2/0(X))" (X 4)
-

5 n 210(X")(X 4)
+ -

5th 210x =

⑧upeple 4. What is the sum of coefficients in the expansion of ( x+ y - z ) ?

8

a. 1 c. 4
b. 2 d. 0

SLIN
① use SOC substitute 1 to every variable in each term

SOC (X y 2)0
=

+
+

SOC 1 =
SOLUTION FOP, AGEPROBLEM

only one person involved:Line Form

initial >final

Two or More Persons are involved:Table Form

People Past PresentFuture

MODIFIERS OF TIME
Past Age Modifiers Decade
score Silver
r

was, were, ago, last, yesteryear, ...

No. of years 10

Present Age
is, are, am, now, being....
Modifiers
No. of years
Golden
50 Diamond Century
Future Age
will, shall, be, further, hence

⑧upeple
5. Your father told you “ I was you'r age when you were born”. If you are 21 years old
today, how old is your father?

a. 50 c. 42
b. 48 d. 44

SLIN
Son 21=

Father=2 (son)

Father=42
⑧upeple
6. Mary is 24 years old. Mary was twice as old as Ann was when Mary was as
old as Ann is now. How old is Ann?

a. 16 c. 20
b. 18 d. 12

SLIN
People Past (was) Present (now)
noW
x years ago

MarX 24 y -

24
x
y
-

24 y -

2(X y)
=
-

TMODE5,3]
24
y 2x 2y
-
= -
-

21 24 -

2x y 24eq.)
-

+ =
-

I 124

X 16 (Ann now)
24J a
=

X 8 (yrs ago)
=

⑧upeple
7. The age of Diophantus, a Greek mathematician may be calculated from the
epitaph which reads as follows:

Diophantus passed 1/6 of his life in childhood, 1/12 in youth, 1/7 as a bachelor.
Five years after his marriage was born a son who died 4 years before his father
at half his father's final age. "How old was Diophantus when he died"?

SLIN
patay-anak

Born

backwoolinaN
youth
1 Y
X

x
+f2 y 5
[SHIFTSOLVE
=

+
+ +

4
+

X 84
=
 WORK PROBLEM

CASE1:Man-time

Ideal Man-time Actual Man-time

standard Man-time [Individual Man-time
=

⑧upeple
A job could be done by eleven workers in 15 days. Five workers started the job.
They were reinforced with four more workers at the beginning of the 6th day. Find
the otal number of days it took them to finish the job.

CASE 1: Man-time

standard Man-time [Individual Man-time

=

(1)(15) (5) (5) + (574)(X)

=

; x 15.56 days
=

total days:(15.56 +5) days

total days 20.56 days
=

CASE2:Tulungan

S Individual Unit of Work Unit of Work

:

- # I =

CASE2: May pahirap

S Individual Unit of Work Unit of Work

:

I zI
= =
⑧upeple
9. A tank can be filled by two pipes in 4 and 6 hours, respectively. It
can be emptied by a third pipe in 5 hours. in what time can an empty
tank be filled if the three pipes are open?

a. 4 8/13 hrs c. 5 1/2 hrs

b. 2 1/4 hrs d. 8 1/2 hrs

SLIN
CASE2: May pahirap
I t EI
+ - =

ISHIFT SOLVES

I -- z I
+
=

t 4.615or 4%/
=

⑧upeple
10. Pedro can paint a fence 50% faster than Juan and 20% aster than Pilar and
together they can paint a given fence in 1hours. How long will it take Pedro to
paint the same fence if he had to work alone?

a. 10 c. 12
b. 7 d. 9

SLIN
CASE2:Tulungan

Px
15y 12y
=

+ [SHIFTSOLVE
*
- =

JU 1.5x
=

Pi 1.2X
=

X 10 hrs
=

(Pedro)
WORK PROBLEM

CASE3:May hang-iwan

(B+1) (B)++ t 1
=

CASES:May sumall

(B+1) (B 1+1)
++ +

+2 1
=

⑧upeple
11. An engineer and his helper can do a certain job in 3 nours. On a given day,
they work together for 1 hour then the helper left and the engineer finishes the
rest of the work in 8 more hours. How long will it take for the engineer to do the
job alone?

a. 12 hours c. 8 hours
b. 10 hours d. 15 hours

SLIN CASE3:May hang-iwan

CASE2:Tulungan

↓) (F) ++ t 1
=

I13+ =

(f) E) (8) 1
(1) ISHIFTSOLVE
=

I 12
=
⑧upeple
8. Eight (8) men can excavate 15 cu. m of drainage open canal in 7 hours.
Three (3) men can backfill 10 m'3 In 4 hours. How long it take 10 men to
3
excavate and backfill 20 m? in the same project?

a. 9.9 hrs c. 12 hrs

b. 7.5 hrs d. 15 hrs

SSOLINCASE
E 1: Man-time

standard Man-time [Individual Man-time

=

(8)(7) (3),54) 10Ct)

+
=

ISHIFT SOLVE

=99 hours

MIXTUREPROBLEN

Quantity:A + B C =

Concentration xA + yB %2C
=

=
⑧upeple
12. A chemist of distillery experimented on two alcohol solutions of different
strength, 35% alcohol and 50% alcohol, respectively. How many m' of 50%
alcohol must he use in order to produce a mixture of 60 m? that contain 40%
alcohol?

a. 40 c. 35
b. 20 d. 10

SLIN
Concentration xA + yB %2C
=

(0.5) x + (0.35) (60 x) (0.4) (60)

- =

SHIFT SOLVE]
x 20
=

⑧upeple
13. How much water must be evaporated from 10 kg solution which has 4%
salt to make a solution 10% salt?

a. 4 kg c. 6 kg
b. 5 kg d. 7 kg

SLIN

Concentration xA + yB %2C
=

10.4) (18) (8) (X) (0.10) (10-X)

-
=

SHIFT SOLVE]
x
6kg
=
 PROBLEM
CLOCK

The minute hand travels X

The hour hand travels x/12
X The second hand travels GOX

NOTES
* X
1
CW movement
CON movement

⑧upeple
14. How many minutes after 4 o’ clock will the hands of the clock be:

a. Together
b. Opposite at each other
c. At right angles with each other

SLIN
Together
SHORTCUT
x 20
1
-

60
(4) 21.82 mins
=

T
x 2182 mins
=

SHORTCUT

60(10) 54.55mins.
=
 Atright angle
-
1

60 mins. (1st)
(1) 5.455
=

·
T
-

0 (7) 30.18
=

mins (and)

⑧upeple15. The time is past 2 o’clock in 10 minutes, the minute hand will be as much as
ahead of the hour hand as it its behind it. What time is it?

a. 2:05.91 c. 2:08.12
b. 2:07.92 d. 2:04.92

SLIN 8 8 10;8 4.583

10
=

+ =

x 8 1
+

10
-

x 4.583
1 10
+ -

x 5.91;
=

time:2:05.91

MOTION PROBLEM (Uniform motion)

defined as motion of an object in which the object travels in a straight line and its velocityremains constant
along that line as itcovers equal distances in equal intervals of time.

SV
=

F
⑧upeple16. An airplane flying with the wind, took 2 hrs to travel 1000 km, and 2.5 hrs
in flying back. What was the wind velocity in kph?

a. 45 c. 65
b. 50 d. 70

SSLINs. NOTE:with the wind (V=U,th.)

I against the wind (VF=Up-Ur)

with the wind against the wind MODE 5 I

Vp Vw 1808
+
=
11 500
2 Up
-

Vw 1000
= 1 480
+

2.5

Vp Vw 408 vp 450
=50
vp + Vw
=

- =

vw 50
=

eq.2

⑧upeple17. Joggers A, and B, starting from the same point, jogging in

opposite directions in a circular track field. Their circular path has diameter of
800 meters. If the average speed of jogger A is 3kph and that of Jogger B is to
be 4kph. Compute the time they will meet.

a. 6.85 min c. 14.54 min

b. 21.54 min d. 43.23 min

SLIN SB + SA πD=

Sit Sa circumference πD;tn -ts t

Vistis t VAtA =
=

SA
4t 3t π(0.8)
+
=

1.
SV tn ts t
=
=
=

F t 0.359ur 60 min 21.54

=

=
mins,
Ihr
t 0.359 his
=

or 21.54 mins

VA 3kph, VB=4kph
=
⑧upeple
18. A car 5 m long overtakes a truck 10 m long which is raveling at 72 km/hr. How
fast must the car travel to completely pass the truck in 3 seconds?

a. 90 km/hr c. 80 km/hr
b. 56 km/hr d. 75 km/hr

SSOLIN om SI ST
Sc 5T 15
=

?V7 7z
=
< >
Va
=

t 35
=
Vctc vi + +
=

+ 15

(zb)(3) (26) 15
=

<
10 m

rt Vcar 90kph
is
v
=

= =

⑧upeple
19. Six times the middle digit of a three digit numbers is the sum of the other two.
If the number is divided by the sum of its digits, the answer is 51 and the remainder
is 11. If the digits are reversed, the number becomes smaller by 198. Find the
number.
A. 412
B. 939
C. 725
D.511

SSOLINTRY
E THECHOICES
=48
a. x
2.725 = 51 /

b.939g 44
=
x
d.51 13 x
=
⑧upeple
20. The quotient of a two-digit number divided by the sum of the digits is 4. If
the number be subtracted from the sum of the squares of its digits the difference
is 9.
Find the number:
A. 36
B. 42
C. 30
D. 54

SSOLINTRY
E THECHOICES
a.36 4 =
C.
38 10
= x

b.
1 7x
=

d.54 6
=

⑧upeple21. An audience of 540 people is seated in rows having the same number of
persons in each row. If 3 more persons sit in each row, it would require 2 rows
less to seat the audience. How many persons were in each row originally?

a. 27 persons c. 30 persons
b. 50 persons d. 20 persons

SLIN
Original set up: new set-up
X=no. of persons
(x)(y) 540=

(X 3)(y 2) 54029.2
+
-
=

originally in each row

(x
y 540ea. 3)548 2) 540 y no. of original
=
+

-
=
=

rows

x=27 persons
⑧upeple
22. A man sold half an egg more than half his eggs. He then sold half an egg
more than half his remaining eggs. He did the same for the third time. If he had
7 eggs left, now many eggs does he originally have?

a. 63 c. 72
b. 45 d. 54

SLIN

1st Total sold letthe

2nd 31 16 15
3rd 158 7

original eggs =G3

⑧upeple
23. A Chinese writer Sun Tsu Pao put these words into the mouth of a woman
washing dishes in the river. "I don't know how many guests there were but every
two used a dish for rice between them, every three a dish for broth and every four
dish for meat and there were 55 dishes in all". How many guests were there?

a. 54 c. 25
b. 60 d. 30

SSOLINDrtal Drio+ Dbroth

=

Dment
+

65
1 1 14
=

+ +

X 60
=

(guests)
ALGEBRA 03
PRINCIPLES OFCOUNTING

2 Two events: n 1st event

=

k=2nd event

2 Principle 1 (Simultaneous successive Events) (must) N hxK

=

keyword "and"
Nnk
=
+

2 Principle 2 (Mutually Exclusive Events) (optional)

keyword
"
or

⑧upeple
1. A proposed building has 5 outside doors. In how many ways can a person
enter and leave by using different door?

A. 25
B. 20
C. 10
D. 125

SSOLIN5 DOORS
WHAT IF?
Any door

ENTER and LEAVE ENTER and LEAVE

N 5X4
=

different door N 5
=

x5 ,anydoor

N 20 ways
=

N=25days
⑧upeple
2. A tourist bus has 5 vacant seats on each side. in how many ways that the last
three passengers will be seated if one of them insists on sitting at the right
side?

A. 360 Given 5vacant seats oneach side

В. 10 one of them insists on sitting at the rightside
C. 660
D. 5 3
passengers (A, B, C)
A (insists on the right side)

SLINL BA A B C

N 5
=

x 9 x
8

N=360 different ways

⑧upeple
3. Two towns A and B are connected by 3 roads and towns B and C are
connected by 4 roads. In how many ways can one drive from A to C and return
to A via B if the same road is not to be travelled twice?

A. 72
B. 12
C. 144
D. 7

SLIN
j
<

j 3j
<

④
s
④
<

A-B B-C (B B+A

N = 3 x 4X 3X 2

N 72 different ways
=
⑧upeple
4. How many even four-digit number can be formed from the digits 0, 1, 2, 5, 6
and 9?

A.60
B.96
С.156
D.720

SSLINY Given
Digits SO, 1, 2, 5, &

Nending with s Nending with C, G butnot starting with

N 5x4=

X 3 1
x + 4 x 4 x 3 x 2

N 156=

Units 90, 1, 2, 5, 6, 93-2

ThOUSandSSIZI93-

ARRANGEMENTS

PERMUTATION
ABCIBCA
-

ORDEREDArrangement atten) SHIFT *

+

Order is important

me
COMBINATION
ABC BCA =
GROUPING
atten)
Arrangement SHIFT in

Order is NOT important

PERMUTATION

& Permutations of "n"different things taken in" at a time

nPn n!
=

n!
=
3P3 =
3! G was
=

(n n)!
-

AB C pst
For example: A CB 2nd
3 People (A, B, C B A C 3rd
n3 =
BCA 4th
C A B 5th
CB A Gth

1 Permutations of"n"different things taken ir" ata time

nPr n!
CCIA SHIFT
=

(n r)! -

For example:
6 diff. numbers
91, 2, 3, 4, 5, 63

4 DifferentDigit Number
n6 r4
=

GP 6! =

(G 4)! -

GPX 360 =

1 Permutations of"n"differentthings with some "alike"

nPn n!
=

For example:
plqls! ENGINEERING
n =11 letters
where p, 9, ands are alike E3
=

G2=

N3 =

12
=

N= 11!
31x31x21x2!

N 277288
=
CYCLIC PERMUTATION

N (n -1):
=

(people)

special case (for bracelets, necklaces etc. consider possibility of mirror image)
N (n-1)!
=

(wearables
2

COMBINATION
I combinations of indifferentthings taken in ata time

n(n n! For Example In how can u perfect the exam:

=

many ways
(n n)!n! No. of Items:100
iCy=1
-

100000 ONLY 1 way

=

n(n 1 =

a combinations ofin differentthings taken or ata time

e
nCr
n np CICIAN SHIFT m
=

For Example. How

many combinations for G155lotto?
55lotto numbers vG
n 55
= =

55C 28,989,675combinations
=

COMBINATION FOR
I ORMORE

2 Combinations of "n"objects taken 1,2,3.... n ata time

N nC, t nCz + nCs t... nCn

CCI) SHIFTo e
=

N 2 1 S(n(x)
"
= -

N =

I ORMORE
PERMUTATION FOR

a permutations of "n"objects taken 1,2,3.... " ata time

N nP,+ nPz +nPs t... tuPn

CCIA) SHIFTo
=

N 2 1
=
"
-

N S(nPX)
=
⑧upeple
5. How many different ways can a party of seven politicians be seated in a row?

A. 7
B. 49
C. 5040
D. 720

SSOLINY ABCDEFG IGFEDCBA ORDER IS IMPORTANT;

thus, use Permutation
nPn n!=

7Py 71 5040
=

⑧upeple
6. In how many ways can three men be assigned consecutives seats in a row
of seven seats?

A. 24
B. 35
C. 30
D.210

SLIN
A
.9 in

3rd
4th
5th
3 Men (A,B,C)

N =31x (possible positions) 3!

=
x 5 30
=
⑧upeple
8. How many basketball quintets can be chosen from a group of 15 players if
one of them is the captain?

A. 3003
B. 1001
C. 360,360
D. 24024

SSOLINquintets 5persons;(onlyI captaina

=

ORDERIS NOT IMPORTANT:combination

members
I captain D

Nx =

(15- )(4

N 1001 ways
=

⑧upeple
9. How many different signals each consisting of 8 flags hung in a vertical can
be formed from 4 identical red flags, 3 identical yellow flags, and 1 blue flag?

A. 140
B. 210
C. 280
D.560

SSOLINTotal: 8 flags Since ORDER IS IMPORTANT: Permutation

RRRR YYY B
Permutations ofin different N 8!
=

4!x3!
some alike"
things with

nPn
"5!
=

1, N 288
=
⑧upeple
10. How many different ways can a party of seven politicians be seated at a round
table?

A. 5040
B. 720
C. 7
D. 49

SSOLINSince ORDER IS IMPORTANT:Permutation one

CYCLIC PERMUTATION (round table)

N (n-1)!(people)
=

N (7 1) =728
ways
=

⑧upeple
11. Given 10 differently colored beads. How many different bracelets can be
formed?

A. 3,628,800
B. 181,440
C. 362,880
D. 1

SSOLINCYCLIC
G special PERMUTATION
(for bracelets, necklaces
case etc. consider possibility of mirror image)
N =(n 1)!
-

(18 1)! 181,440

=
-

2 2
⑧upeple
12. Six people are on a sinking yacht. There are four life jackets. How many
combinations of survivors are there?

A. 15
B. 36
C. 9
D. 360

SSOLIN since ORDERIS NOT IMPORTANT:combination

By
1891PBCD:DCBA
nG =

people GC4 15
=

r=
4 life jackets

⑧upeple
13. How many ways can you invite one or more of five friends to a party?

A. 25
B. 15
C. 31
D. 62

SSOLIN since ORDERIS NOT IMPORTANT:combination

Use Logic: MIT JA M=

FOR1 OR MORE
COMBINATION
CicIo) SHIFTo

N 5(, 5( + 5(3 524 5/5 3/

=
+

N 25- 1 31
=
=
+ +
=

N S(n(x)
=

N E(5(x) 31
=
=
⑧upeple
14. Four different colored flags can be hung in a row to make coded signal.
How many signals can be made if signal consists of the display of one or more
flags?

A. 31
B. 96
C. 64
D. 24

SSOLIN since ORDER IS IMPORTANT:Permutational

Use logic:BR *RB
CicLo) SHIFTo

PERMUTATIONFORI OR MORE N S(n(x)

=

nPn 4P, + 4P + 4P 4Px 64

= +
=

N E(4(x) 64
=
=

PROGRESSION: C,C2,93,04,000, an

I sequence ofnumbers called the firstis derived from the preceding one
"terms", each of which, after
Where:a1stterm TYPES OFPROGRESSION
A 2ndterm

/rithment
=

⑤
cometric
An= nth term (last) ·
Geometric
nfinite
n no.
=

of terms

ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION Common difference (d)

1 The nth term of A.P. 2 Common difference of A.P. last term of A.P.

an a, =

(n 1) d
t
-

daz -a,
=
=
83 -A2 La (n 1d
= t
-

Amt(n-m)d d An-An-
an
LANID
=

2 Sum (S) of A.P. of terms

an
no.
=

1st term
=

S =

(a. an) + =
nth term
S (2a, (n 1)d)
=
+ -

common
=

difference
GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION (G.P.) common ratio (r)

1 The nth term of G.P. 2 common ratio (r) of G.P. 2 lastterm of G.P.

G,jn
-1
La,j4+
z a3 ae
an r
=

=
=

=
-

An= Ampm LARN1

2 Sum (S) ofG.P.

often
see

S a,(r" 1)
=

-
an =no.
=
nth term
r -

1 n common
=

ratio

INFINITEGEOMETRIC PROGRESSION (I.G.P)

l geometric progression that approaches infinity

SUMPap A,
=

SUMPG &
=

1 -

r recommon ratio
when Irl < 1 When Irk I

HAP.MONIC PROGRESSION

2
sequence of numbers who is the reciprocal of A.P.
Example: 112, 14, 16, 18, ...

Arithmetic Mean Harmonic Mean

AM:sum HM n=

n 2d,
Geometric Mean
GM 1 a,x02X... An
=

GM AMxHM
=
⑧upeple
15. If the 6th term of an A.P. is 11 and its 13th term is 123, then the 2nd term of
this AP is:

A. - 61
B.- 49
C.- 53
D.- 33

SSLINY Given:A.P. Required:

Ax 1/
=

az=?
ai 13 =

An Amt(n m)d
=

-
Az a6=
+

(z 6)d
-

A, a0 +
=

(13 6)d
-

ac 11 + (z
=
-

6)(b)
123 11
=

+ (1 6)d
-

A2 =
-
53

d 16
=

CEREIA) For A.P. MODE3,2, ACEEaISHIFT1,5, F

"Ire
xz 2y
=

az -
=
53

CERER Ad:FOR A.P. [MODE, 3,2, AC, SHIFT, 7,5 n

TO d

To n:FOR A.P. [MODE, 3,2, AC, [*], SHIFT, 1,5,4]

get
⑧upeple
16. What is the sum of the finite sequence of 18, 25, 32, 39, ... 67.

A.181
B.234
C.213
D.340

SSOLINE9.18,re common
:
difference, d 7
Arithmetic Progression
=

i=67

CERCLA) TO
en.FOR A.P. IMODT, S, 2, AC, [*), SHIFT, 1,5y
can)Y
(n) X n G7X
=

6
8
d 218
n
=

SUM of A.P.
A (a, + an)
=

8(18 67)
+

Sum 340
=

CERECto get sum of A.P. (last setting from above, SHIFT+log, ALPHAT,
1,
rlr
SHIFT 1, 5, 5,

& (Xy,1,8) 340 =

earlier
CERECOMM
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION IMODE3, 2 (INPUT DATA)]

for aterm: e for

SUM(x,(,1,n)
n

I SHIFT 1, 5,5
=
SUN
=

for n anX 1
:

X
=

SHIFT 1,5,4
=
for
itsendon diffed)
SHIFT 1, 5, 2

⑧upeple
17. The second and the sixth terms of a geometric progression are 3/10 and
243/160, respectively. What is the first term of this sequence?

A.1/10
В.3/5
C.1/5
D.3/2

SSOLINY Given:G Reqid:a =?

a, 243/160
=

An Ampnm
=

d25+
a=
2

"2

=(f)(1.5)
2
96 0,56 9.
-

243 3(V) =

0.2
7
a =
=

r 1.5
=

SEECOM
GEOMETIC PROGRESSION IMODE3, G (INPUT DATA)]

for for
SUM(x,(,1,n)
no term.n an
I SHIFT 1, 5,5
= SUN
=

SHIFT+log

for ni AnX 1 =

for common ratio (r)

X SHIFT
=

1,5,4 Bp =

SHIFT 1, 5, 2
⑧upeple
18. If one -fourth of the air in a tank is removed by each stroke of an air pump,
find the fractional part of the air remaining after seven strokes of the pump.

a. 0.75 c. 0.0123
b. 0.1336 d. 0.1645

SSLIN Read:remaining after I strokes

CEREIN MODE 3, 6, CINPUTVALUES

cirpoles remain g
PRESis Ay 7y
=

(X) SHIFT, 1, 5,5

reald 7
=

a=0.1335 =B

⑧upeple
19. The 2nd and the 4th terms of a HP are 4/5 and -4. Find the 5th term?

a. 1 c. -2
b. -1 d. 2

SSOLINFor
E HP. reciprocal of
acA
NOTE:We know thatH.P. is A.P.
convert to A.P.
a2 5/4 =

ax 1/4 =
-

CEREIN MODE3, 2, INPUT VALUES

(n) XcanY PRESS AC

25l4 [X] SHIFT, 1,5,5

reqd=5th term

A5(A.P.) 5T
=

GCAP) =
-

1 (reciprocal toget H.P.)

A5CH.P.)
= -

7
⑧upeple
20. The A.M. of any two numbers is 16 and their H.M. is 63/4. Then their G.M.
will be:

A. sq. rt. of 3
B. 2 sq. rt. of 5
C. 6 sq. rt. of 7
D. 8 sq. rt. of 2

SSLINY Given Regd:G.M. GM 16 x

63
=

AN
H.M. G3/4
=

GM NAMxHM
=

GM GT
=

DIRECT VARIATION VARIATION

INVERSE

& "x"is directly proportional

:X"isinverselfproportionala
to x" red
v "y" varies directly as "X"

y kX yx +, y k1
=

K x

AXnstance!* ,
=
=

KI X,y1 x2X2
=
⑧upeple
21. The horsepower which is a shaft can transmit varies as the cube of the
diameter and the angular speed. if 75-mm diameter shaft transmits 270 hp
when turning at 1000 rpm, find the horsepower which can be transmitted by a
4.9213 in diameter shaft rotating at 1500 rpm.

A. 1875 Hp
B. 1250 Hp
C. 1354 Hp
D. 1254 Hp

SSLIN aWritethe relationshipof each variable

PxDN constant(K k2)
=

P kD'N
=

DPN =DP
KP =

DN

② Given
270 hp P=1?? PXDN
D 75mm
= D2 4.92/3 in.
=
-
mm P kD' N
=

N = 1000 rpm N2 1500rpm

=

(1 in 25.4mm)
=

DPN =DP
P2
175m370h00rpm) 4.9213 in
=

25.,4mm" (1500rpmand
P2 1875.05hp
=
 COIN PROBLEMS

unknown equation: Shift+ solve or Trial & Error CALC

equations:MODE5, I
2 unknowns 2
unknowns 3 equations: MODF 5, 2

⑧upeple
22. A boy has a number of coins in his pocket consisting of nickels, dimes, and
pennies. There are two more nickels than dimes and three times as many
pennies as dimes. If the boy has a total of 64 cents, how many pennies are
there?

a. 5 c. 12
b. 9 d. 1

SSLINYLet:p of pennies value:

.I
i centis
no.
:

n no. of nickels :5 cents

=

d=no. of dimes

eq. Ip 5n 10d 64
+ +

3 unknown, 3 equations

29.2 nd=
2
+

29.3p :3d "three times as many per

parence as dimes"

Rewrite

ERRMODEbaial ptEntOd:GH,
as:

lptntA

29.2 nd =
2
+ ·
O +

1 -

d 2
=

E
3d 0
p 0
+
-
-
=

Xp9
=
=

no. of pennies 9
=

x 15
=
=

zd 3
= =
DIOPHANTINEEQUATIONS

2 When the no. of equations is less than the number of unknowns then the equations are called as "Diophantine Equations.

Examples:2 equations, 3 unknowns

"Diophantine Equations"
:

solution:Trial and Error

⑧upeple
23. A man bought 20 chickens for P 200. The cocks cost P 30 each, the hens P
15 each and the chicks at P 5 each. How many cocks did he buy?

a.1 c. 12
b. 2 d. 1

SSLINXlet ②
30C + 15H 5X 200 +

5(( + H X 28)5
4-no. of cos
=

25C + 10H + 0 100 =

X:no. of chicks
25C 10H
+
188
=

(25(252 100 10H)"/25

=
-

C 100 10H
= -

25

Read:no. of cocks (C)

EZEL
C =

100-10H MODE Y CTABI

25 =
Start?I
=
End?20
=

Step?1:Evaluate table
let:f(x) 0
=

HX =

C2 =
THEORYOFSETS

1 Setis defined as the collection of objects developed Cantor.

by George
BASIC SET OF OPERATION
2 Union 2 Difference
2 Intersection complement

VENN DIAGRAM

2 John Venn, 1880

I also called as
primarydiagram, setdiagram, logic diagram
& a diagram that shows all possible logical relations between a finite collection of different sets

A B
a
↑

objects here are not

in Set A or SetB

objectsinstreet Objects
Objects both in here
are S et B but
in
B Set Aand B
not set A

UNION, W Set A= [j,m,t3 B <m,a,d3

=

I combined
1 The union ofSets "A" and "B" is the set of element
which belongs to A B or
or to to both

AUB (j,m, t, a,d3

=

INTERSECTION, I Set A= [j,m,t3 B <m,a,d3

=

I common
1 The intersection ofsets "A" and "B"istheset of element
which belongs to Aand also belongs to B.

AlB <m3 =
DIFFERENCE, Set A= [j,m,t3 B <m,a,d3
=

2 The difference of sets "A"and"B" is the setof element

which belongs to A butwhich do not belong to B.

Example:

A-Sj,mte
Then:A B (j,m, ts
=

<m,a,d)

AB [j, t3
=

COMPLEMENT, C
2 Elements that DON'TBELONG to A.
I NOTE:A =A

Example:
A [2,4,6.8....3 (even
=

Then
I 5 1, 3, 5, 7,
=

...
3 (odd)

⑧upeple
24. The set A consists of elements (1, 3, 6) and the set B consists of elements
(1, 2, 6, 7). Both sets come from the universe of (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) What is the
intersection, A M B ?

A. (2,7)
B. (2, 3,7)
C. (2, 4, 5, 7, 8)
D. (4, 5, 8)

SLIN universal Set:(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9)

A (1,3,SE,7) Read: ArB

F(2,4,5,7,8) B (1,2,6,1) =

Intersection, 1, "common"
⑧upeple
25. In certain BPO company, a marketing representative surveyed the
performance of three drinks: milk tea, coffee and soda. In the interviewed 100
BPO employees he found out that 10 of them take all three drinks: milk tea, coffee
and soda, 20 employees take milk tea and coffee, 25 take milk tea and soda; 30
employees take coffee and soda, 12 employees take milk tea only, 14 employees
take coffee only and 8 employees take soda only. How many who did not take any
of the three drinks?

A. 2 C. 10
B. 11 D. 9

SLIN
10 take all three drinks
20 take milked a coffee
X 25take milked a soda
30 take coffee a soda

19
milkted only
coffee only
soda only

12 10 + 10 + 15+ 14 20 8 x 100
+
+ + + =

X 1/
=