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Manufacturers & orters of La Research Equipments

INSTRUCTIOI{ MANUAL

U LTRASONIC INTERFEROMETER@
Model F-ElD

21S1lT-7C,New patel Nagar,New Delhi-

11000g
Te I efax : +9 1 011 zsr o2l94, Mob
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Email : info@mittarenterprises.com web:http://www.mittarenterprises.com

 coNTENTS

S,No.
PAGE

l. IVORKING PRINCIPLE
2

L. DESCRIPTION
3

1 PROCEDI.IRE :
4
4. PRECAUTIONS
6

TECHMCAL SPECIFICATION 6

6, TROUBLESHOOTING 7
,7
SAMPLE CALCULATIONS 7

I ns tr uc t i o n manu al of Ul tr aso ni c Int e rfe r o me te r F-81D I

 UL]IRASONIC INTERFEROMETER
FOR THE MEASUREMENT
OF I-ILTRASONIC VELOCITY
IN LIQUIDS)
. WORKING PRINCIPLE

An ultrasonic Interferometer is a simple

and direct device to determine
the ultrasonic velocity in liquids
with a high degree of accuracy.
The principle used in the measurement
of velocity (v) is based on the
accurate determination of the wavelength
(2) in the medium. Ultrasonic
waves of known frequency (fl are produced by a quartz crystal fixed
at
the bottom of the ceil. These waves
are reflected by a movable metallic

plate kept parallel to the quartz crystal.

If the separation between these

two plates is exactly a whole multiple of the

sound wavelength, standing

waves are fbrmed in the medium. This acoustic

resonance gives rise to

an electrical reaction on the generator driving

the quartz crystal and the

anode current of the generator becomes a rnaximum.

If the distance is now increased or decreased and the variation

is exactly

one half wavelength (r/2) or multiple of it, anode current becomes

maximum. From the knowledge of wavelength

e) the velocity (v) can

be obtained by the relation: F

Velocity : Wavelength x Frequency

v - 1*"f

Ins truction manual of Ultr as onic Int erfer ometer F-81D

 DESCRIPTION

The ultrasonic Interferometer consists

of the following parts:

a) The High Frequency Generator :2 &5 MHz

b) The Measuring Cell : 2MHzand 5 MHz (one
each)

c) Base to hold the Cell

d) Co axial cable

a) The High Frequency Generatolis designed to excite

the quartz
crystal fixed at the bottom of the measuring cell
at its resonant
frequency to generate ultrasonic waves in the experimental
liquid
filled in the " Measuring cell "" A micrometer is provided to

obserye the changes in current and two controls for the purpose

of sensitivity regulation and initial adjustment of the micrometer

are provided on the panel of the High Frequency Generator.

b) is specially designed double walled cell for

maintaining the temperature of the liquid constant during the

experiment. A fine micrometer sorew has been provided at the

top, which can lower orlaise the reflector prate in the liquid in

the liquid in the cell through a'known distance. It has a quartz

crystal fixed at its bottom.

I ns tr u i t i o n m onu al of lJ ltr a s o ni c Int erfe r ome t e r F-8ID

 In ultrasonic Interferometer Dual Frequency, frequency
selector knob
should be positioned at desired frequency and the corresponding
cell

should be connected to the generator.

For initial adjustment two knobs are provided on high frequency

generator, one

is marked with "ADJ" to adjust the position of the needle on

the Ammeter and

the knob marked "GA[I{" is used to increase the sensitivity of the instrument
for greater deflection if desired.

The ammeter is used to notice the number of maximum deflections whirle

micrometer is moved up and down in liquid as clescribed in "Measurement,' of

this Instruction Manual.

3. PROCEDURE

l. Unscrew the knurled cap of cell and lift it away from double

walled construction of the cell. In the middle portion of it pour

experimental liquid and screw the knurled cap. wipe out excess

liquid over/lowi4g.from the cell.

2. Insert the cell in the heavy base sooket and clamp it with the help

of a screw provided on its side.

3. Connect the High Frequency Generator with cell by co-axial

cable provided with the instrument.

4. Select the desired frequency using the frequency selector knob.

5. Move the micrometer slowly in either clockwise or anticlockwise

direction till the anode current on the ammeter on the Hish

Frequency Generator shows a maximum or minimum.

er F-81D
I n s tr uc tio n m anual o f U I tr as o ni c Int erfer o me t
 Note the readings of micrometer corresponding to the maximum

or minimum (whichever is sharper) in micro-ammeter. Take

about 50 readings of consecutive maximum or miniinum and

tabulate them as shown below:

S. No. Micrometer Reading Difference between

aoresponding to Maximum / consecutive
Minimum maxima/minima
( in mm) (?,12)
N1

2 N2 N2_Nl
3 N3 N3 _N2

50 Ns0 N50 - N49

6, l'ake average of all the differences (1,/2)

"l Once the wavelength (1.) is known the velocity (v) in the liquid

can be calculated with the help of the relation

v=),xf
4. PRECAUTIONS:

A. Do not switch on the generator without filling the experimental liquid in

the cell.

Do not tilt the cell after filling the liquid to avoid,flow of liquid
towards micrometer which may rust/jam the threads of micrometer
head.

onic Int erfer omet er F-8ID

lnstr uction mqnual of Ultr as
 C Remove experimental liquid
out of cell after use. Keep it cleaned and
dried.

D Keep micrometer open at25mmafter

uso.

E. Avoid sudden rise or falr in temperature

of circurated liquid to prevent
thermal shock to the quaftzcrystal.

while cleaning the cell care should be

taken not to spo' or scratch the

gold plating on the quartzcrystal.

G. Give your generator l5 seconds warming up time before the

observation.

1)
1S.No. t8t946g)
Mains Voltage
220v, 50 Hz
Measuring frequency
2&5MHz
Fuse
500 mA,

2) MEASURING CELL

Max. displacement of the reflector

20 mm

Required euantity of liquid

l0 c.c.

Least Count of micrometer

0.001 mm

3) SFIIELDED CABLE

Length of connecting cable betweent the generator and the cell. is 50 cm

approximately.
ultrasonic Interferometer Model : F-glD( s.No.rg1946g)
Exact Frequency of Ultrasonic Cell are
a.ZMHz = 1.9843 MHz
b, 5MHz = 4.8504 MHz.

6. WARRANTEE

Breakage in crystal & jamming of micrometer (due to negligence /

weather conditions) are not covered under rvarrantee.

Ins truct ion manual of [Jltr as onic Int erfer ome ter F-81D
 I

7. TROUBLE SHOOTING

A) I!'needle is bting be.fore 0 (zero,\ pe(fofltbelow mentioned : che

l. Valve: Open the top lid and check whether front tube (valve) is
glowing. If valve is not glowing, switch off the main unit, remove the tube
from its base and place it again. Now switch ON the unit and check whether
tube is glowing. If not, please contact us for it's replacement.

2. Coaxial Cable: Check the resistance between the

central pin of both the connectors with the help of
the multimeter available in lab. Resistance should
be less than 10 ohm. Similarly check the resistance
between the outer sleeves.

3. Liquid Cell: Put the liquid cell upside down (without top reflector
assembly) and check the resistance between the central hex metal
portion and outer wall of the cell. It should show high resistance 2 5
M ohm.

4. Tuninc, qf Generator: Assemble the setup as per the instruction

manual. There are two screws on the back side of the high frequency
generator. Switch ON the unit and rotate the screw A clockwise
(fiom front direction) slightly (say around by 25 degree), observe the
motion of the needle. If it comes within the.scale, leave the screw
position as it is and perform the experiLment.
If needle doesn't come within scale, rotate screw A anticlockwise
approximately same as rotated earlier and leave it as it is. Now rotate the
screw B in clockwise direction, needle should move to right. If not,
please contact the manufacturer.

m below mentione

L Valve: Open the top lid and check wliether back tube (valve) is
glowing, lf valve is now glowing, switch off the main unit, remove the
tube fiom its base and place it again. Now switch ON the unit and check
whether tube is glowing. If not, please contact us for it's replacement.

2. Tuning of Generator: Assemble the setup as per the instruction

rnanual. 'Ihere are two screws on the back side of the high frequency
generator. Switch ON the unit and rotate the screw B anticlockwise
(fiom front direction) slightly (say around by 25 degree), observe the
motion of the needle. If it comes within the scale, leave the screw
position as it is and perform the experiment.
If needle doesn't come within scale, rotate Screw A clockwise
approximately same as rotated earlier and leave it as it is. Now rotate the

In s tr uc tio n m anu al o f U t r a s o ni c Int erfe r o m e t er F-81D

 screw A anticlockwise,
contact the manufacturer.

Sample : Water

Frequency f 2MHz

Average ll2 0.375 mm

Ultrasonic velocity in
sample, v ),xf = 1500 m/sec

Density of liquid p 996.458 kg/ml

I
Compressibility B,o ,
pv-

s96.4s8" (t SOO)'

: 4.58 x 10-'o N/rn2

Note 1.

veloc

2, You may take other liquids of your choice'

3. Compressibility is "tempet'ature dependent' We may

provide suitable water bath on cost to vary the temperature
ior calculations of compressibility at different temperatures'

F-81D
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Fig 1. Cross-Section of the Liquid Cell

Poqn$ofnH.Ecxw,

Fig2. Position of Reflector vs Crystal Current

Note: Extra peaks in between minima and maxima may occurs due to a number
of
reasons, but they don't effect the value
of ?,,12.
I ns t ru n manuql of (Jltr
ctio as o ni c Int erfer o me t er F-81D e
MANUFACTURER'S NOTES FOR ULTRASONIC
INTERFEROMETER :
MODEL F.81I)

I When you attach liquid filled cell with generator

and switch ON at 2 MHz wait
for few minutes keeping "Gain" knob at minimum. After
that instrument is set to
work at 2MHz.

2. In case of 5 MHz, "Gain" knob should be kept at its minimum.

After two _ three
minutes slowly increase the gain rotating '!Gain" knob
clockwise in steps. If you
feel needle is turning left or right even without reflector
movement, just wait for
few minutes till it is stabilized. Now instrument is set to work.

a
This instrument operates at odd harmonics of 2 & 5 MHz. Deflection is more for 2
MHz' and lesser for 5 MHz. This is a natural phenomenon but accuracy remains
same in all cases.