GEOG1002 Hong Kong: Land, People and Resources 11/9/2023

Dr Ka Ho Tsoi 1
GEOG1002 Hong Kong: Land, People and Resources 11/9/2023

Dr Ka Ho Tsoi 2
GEOG1002 Hong Kong: Land, People and Resources 11/9/2023

Stage of urban
growth

• How does population change

spatially at each stage of city
development?
• What are the factors that drives
such changes?
• What are possible impacts at
each stage of city development?

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Dr Ka Ho Tsoi 3
GEOG1002 Hong Kong: Land, People and Resources 11/9/2023

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Dr Ka Ho Tsoi 4
GEOG1002 Hong Kong: Land, People and Resources 11/9/2023

Suburbanization
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Dr Ka Ho Tsoi 5
GEOG1002 Hong Kong: Land, People and Resources 11/9/2023

Suburbanization

• Suburbanization emerged as a results of

population expansion (baby boom)
• The Public Housing Programme
developed after the Christmas fire in 1953
• Over 40% of the population were
accommodated in the 107 public housing
estates
• The Ten-Year Housing Programme (1972)
aimed to improve the living environment
of the low-income people
• The introduction of the Home Ownership
Scheme (HOS) in 1976 further widened
the choice of low-income families of either
renting or buying public housing

Suburbanization
• The Ten-Year Housing Program (1972) aimed to
provide 1.8 million people with permanent, self-
contained accommodation with a decent environment
• Most of the developable land in the urban areas was
occupied
• Expensive and difficult to obtain additional land for
public housing construction
• Opportunities for comprehensive urban renewal were
extremely limited
• The government usually sold lands in urban areas to
generate revenue rather than use them for public
housing development
• New towns were actively developed in the New
Territories
• 78% of the original target population of the Ten-Year
Housing Program would be housed in the new towns

Dr Ka Ho Tsoi 6
GEOG1002 Hong Kong: Land, People and Resources 11/9/2023

Suburbanization
2nd generation
• Housing development
started in the urban fringe
(satellite towns in Kwun
Tong and Tsuen Wan)
1st generation
• The 1st generation new
towns includes Tsuen 3rd generation
Wan, Sha Tin, and Tuen
Mun
• Easier access to public
housing
• Much cheaper rent and
better living environment

Dr Ka Ho Tsoi 7
GEOG1002 Hong Kong: Land, People and Resources 11/9/2023

Which new town is it?

Dr Ka Ho Tsoi 8
GEOG1002 Hong Kong: Land, People and Resources 11/9/2023

Counter-urbanization

• New development areas (NDAs)

• Compact development and transit-
oriented development (TOD) models
with more sophisticated urban design
• Extension of the existing new towns

Dr Ka Ho Tsoi 9
GEOG1002 Hong Kong: Land, People and Resources 11/9/2023

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Dr Ka Ho Tsoi 10
GEOG1002 Hong Kong: Land, People and Resources 11/9/2023

Dr Ka Ho Tsoi 11
GEOG1002 Hong Kong: Land, People and Resources 11/9/2023

Land-use management

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GEOG1002 Hong Kong: Land, People and Resources 11/9/2023

Dr Ka Ho Tsoi 13
GEOG1002 Hong Kong: Land, People and Resources 11/9/2023

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Yeh, 1985

Dr Ka Ho Tsoi 14
GEOG1002 Hong Kong: Land, People and Resources 11/9/2023

Hong Kong Planning

Standards and Guidelines

Hong Kong Planning

Standards and Guidelines

Dr Ka Ho Tsoi 15
GEOG1002 Hong Kong: Land, People and Resources 11/9/2023

Territorial development strategy (TDS)

First produced in 1984 to establish a broad land use-transport framework to guide the
physical development of Hong Kong into the 1990s

Four fundamental objectives

• Formulate a comprehensive development strategy for the physical growth of Hong
Kong in the long term
• Provide land, services and facilities to cater for the needs of further population growth
after the completion of the existing new town development
• Improve co-ordination between urban development and the provision of transport
infrastructure, especially in the development of the new towns where transport is still
inadequate
• Cater for the growth of population and associated socio-economic activities, with good
quality environment, within the constraints of likely available resources

Pryor, 1985

Dr Ka Ho Tsoi 16
GEOG1002 Hong Kong: Land, People and Resources 11/9/2023

TDS
Review

TDS
Review

Dr Ka Ho Tsoi 17
GEOG1002 Hong Kong: Land, People and Resources 11/9/2023

•
Lai and Baker (2014)

Dr Ka Ho Tsoi 18
GEOG1002 Hong Kong: Land, People and Resources 11/9/2023

Sub-
regional
structure
plan

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