NAVSTAR

GPS
NAVigation System with Timing
And Ranging

NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS) is a

satellite-based positioning system using a
constellation of 24 satellites which provides
navigation data to both military and civilian users
worldwide. The system will provide reliable and
accurate passive worldwide positioning,
navigation, and timing information in all weather
conditions, in real time, using a common grid
reference system.
 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
is a constellation of satellites that emits coded
signals, which GNSS receivers use to
calculate position, velocity, and time.

SATELLITE Passive System:

GNSS is a passive system, allowing an

CONSTELLATION unlimited number of users worldwide to utilize

its technology.

Launch of First Navigation Satellite (1978)

by the United States. This led to a fully
operational constellation of 24 satellites
known as the NAVSTAR Global Positioning
System in the early 1990s. But today,
contains 31 satellites.
The U.S. Air Force created the constellation of NAVSTAR satellites circling Earth twice a day.
At least four of the space beacons are in view from any spot on Earth at any time.

Why does it need to have at least four space beacons in view from any
spot-on Earth at any time?

To accurately determine a three-dimensional position

(latitude, longitude, and altitude) and calculate the user's velocity and time
Three Satellites for Position Fixing:
Fourth Satellite for Altitude Fixing
Clock Synchronization Correction
AMERICA’S TRANSIT
EARLIER VS
SATELLITE NAVSTAR
NAVIGATION FREQUENCIES
SYSTEM
Transit and the Loran, but the Advancements in Technology
NAVSTAR gives more precise Signal Propagation and
location fixes more frequently Atmospheric Effects
than Transit. Capacity and Bandwidth
NAVSTAR 1 SPACE
SEGMENT

System CONTROL
The Navstar GPS is a satellite-based
2 SEGMENT
radio navigation system that provides
continuous global coverage to an
USER
unlimited number of users who are
equipped with receivers capable of 3 SEGMENT
processing the signals being
broadcast by the satellites.
 3 MAJOR SEGMENTS

SPACE 1 CONTROL 2 USER 3

COMPRISES GPS SATELLITES
ORBITING THE EARTH. THESE
TRANSMITS SIGNALS THAT ARE USED
BY GPS RECEIVERS TO DETERMINE
THEIR POSITIONS.
GROUND-BASED MONITORING &
CONTROL STATION. THESE TRACKS,
MONITORS, MAINTAIN AND UPDATE
THE GPS SATELLITES.
ALL GPS RECEIVERS & DEVICES USED BY
INDIVIDUALS, BUSINESSES, AND
ORGANIZATIONS TO RECEIVE AND
PROCESS GPS SIGNALS. THESE
RECEIVER ANALYZES SIGNALS FROM
MULTIPLE GPS.
SPACE - NAVSTAR SATELLITE
SCHRIEVER AIRFORCE COLORADO
 ASCENSION ISLAND,
ATLANTIC OCEAN CAPE CANAVERAL, FLORIDA US

GROUND ANTENNAS
 DIEGO GARCIA, KWAJALEIN, MARSHALL ISLAND
INDIAN OCEAN

GROUND ANTENNAS
USER - GPS
With a GPS receiver, users can quickly determine
their precise latitude, longitude, and altitude.
The satellites transmit radio signals globally around
the clock.
A GPS receiver on Earth first measures the time it
takes radio signals to travel from a satellite to its
location—which will be less than a tenth of a second.
Next, the receiver multiplies that time by the speed of
a radio wave—186,000 miles (300,000 kilometers)
per second—to obtain the distance between it and
the satellite.
The receiver’s built-in computer calculates the
precise location through a process called
triangulation.

HOW DOES IT WORK?

In practice, however, a GPS receiver uses data from
at least four satellites to offset slight inaccuracies in
the receiver’s clock.
AUGMENTATION
TECHNIQUES
DIFFERENTIAL GPS TECHNIQUES
USES THE CARRIER WAVES THAT
CONVEY THE SATELLITES’
NAVIGATION PULSES TO EARTH.
GEOSYNCHRONOUS OVERLAYS
 Global
Coverage
Navstar GPS provides continuous global
coverage to an unlimited number of users.

Anyone with compatible GPS receiver can

benefit from its accurate possitioning
information.
IN ADDITION
There are also other global navigation satellite systems (GNSS)
such as:
Russian GLONASS (GLObalnaya NAvigationnaya
Sputnikovaya Sistema) / Uragan
European (ESA) Galileo positioning system
People's Republic of China Beidou (BD) global / regional
navigation system covering Asian and the west Pacific Ocean
Indian IRNSS / NAVIC (Indian Regional Navigational Satellite
System) covering India and the northern Indian Ocean
Japanese QZS(S) / Michibiki (Quasi-Zenith Satellite (System))
regional system covering Asia and Oceania
 MEMBERS:

THANK YOU
AMADOR, JANBIE
ESGUERRA, CRISTINE JOY
ESPADA, ROWENA
LOCQUIAO, CYRIL
ODOÑO, MABEL