Discrete Probability Distribution

Discrete Probability Distribution

(Uniform Dist.)
(Binomial Dist.)
(Multinomial Dist.)
Hypergeometric Dist.)
Poisson Dist.)
 Discrete Uniform Distribution)

X
X={ X

1
f(x ; k) = k X
k
E[X] xi k
var(X) = E[X2] (E[X])2
 Discrete Uniform Distribution)
1 -10) X
X
f(x ; k) = 1 = 1 x = 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 k = 10
k 10
X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
= E[X] = = 5
f(x)

var(X) = E[X2] (E[X])2

= [(02+12+22+32+ . +102)]/11] - [5]2 = 10
 Binomial Distribution)
Bernoulli trials) n

Success) Failure)

n
b(x;n,p) = px qn-x
x
x= , , , ,n
E[X] np
var(X) = var(X) = npq
 Binomial Distribution)

X
p(x) ----- X
q(x) = 1 - p(x) n
 Binomial Distribution)

x
p(x) = .5
x = ; n = ; p = .5 ; q = 0.5

(0.5) (0.5) = 0.3125

%
 Binomial Distribution)

x
p(x) = = 0.2 q = 0.8 x = , , 2, 3
p(x 3) = b(0;5,0.2) + b(1;5,0.2) + b(2;5,0.2) + b(3;5,0.2)

p(x 3) (0.2) (0.8) (0.2) (0.8) (0.2) (0.8) (0.2) (0.8) = 0.99328

%
 Binomial Distribution)

B(r; n , p) = b(x; n , p)

B(2;n,p) = b(0;n,p) + b(1;n,p) + b(2;n,p)

B(3;n,p) = b(0;n,p) + b(1;n,p) + b(2;n,p) + b(3;n,p)

 Binomial Distribution)
p = 0.6 n = 10 p(X<=6)
B(r;n,p) = B(6; 10, 0.6) = 0.61772
 Binomial Distribution)

x x = , , 2, 3
p(x) .2 ; q = 0.8
p(x 3) = B(r , n , p) = B( 3 , 5 , 0.2 ) = 0.99328
n r
p
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
5 0 0.59049 0.32768 0.16807 0.07776 0.03125 0.01024 0.00243 0.00032 0.00001
1 0.91854 0.73728 0.52822 0.33696 0.18750 0.08704 0.03078 0.00672 0.00046
2 0.99144 0.94208 0.83692 0.68256 0.50000 0.31744 0.16308 0.05792 0.00856
3 0.99954 0.99328 0.96922 0.91296 0.81250 0.66304 0.47178 0.26272 0.08146
4 0.99999 0.99968 0.99757 0.98976 0.96875 0.92224 0.83193 0.67232 0.40951
5 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000
 Binomial Distribution)

x X = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
p(x) = .5
p(x 5) = B(5;10,0.5) = 0.62305
X=3
0, 1, 2, 3 0, 1, 2
p(x=3) = B(3;10,0.5) - B(2;10,0.5) = 0.17188 - 0.05469 = 0.11719
 Binomial Distribution)
n = 20 ; p = 0.7
0-1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13
p(x < 14) B(13,20,0.7) = 0.39199
7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15 0.76249 0.00026
p( 7 x < 16) B(15,20,0.7) -B(6,20,0.7) = 0.762 3

9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20 1.0000 0.00514

p(x > 8) B(20,20,0.7) -B(8,20,0.7) = 0.99486
4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12 0.22773 0.00000
p(4 x 12) B(12,20,0.7) -B( ,20,0.7) = 0.22773
 Binomial Distribution)

0. 15

p( 5 ) X = 5 p = 0.3 ; n = 15
0.72162 0.51549
p(x=5) = B(5;15,0.3) B(4;15,0.3) = 0.206
p( 3-8 ) X = 3,4,5,6,7,8 p = 0.3 ; n = 15
0.98746 0.12683
p(3<=x<=8) = B(8;15,0.3) - B(2;15,0.3) = 0.858
p( 7 ) X = 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 p = 0.7 ; n = 15
0.05001
p(x 7) = B(7;15,0.7) = 0.05001
 Multinomial Distribution)

f(x ,x , xk ; p ,p , pk) = n! p x p x pkxk

x ! x ! xk

E[X] npi
var(X) = var(X) = npi(1-pi
 Multinomial Distribution)

0.4, 0.2, 0.3 0.1

5 3
2
x1 = , x2 = , x3 = , x4 =
p1 = 0.4 p2 = 0.2 p3 = 0.3 p4 = 0.1

p(x1=0,x2=2,x3=3,x4=0)5!= 5! (0.4)0 (0.2)2 (0.3)3 (0.1)0 = 0.0108

0!2!3!00!
! 2! 3! 0!
 Hypergeometric Dist.)
n N N
k N-k

E[X] npi

var(X) = var(X) = npi(1-pi

 Hypergeometric Dist.)

x X=2

40 10
4 2
P(X) = = 0.2588
50
6
 Poisson Distribution)

p(x ; ) = e x x= , , ,
E[X] x!

var(X) =
 Poisson Distribution)
3
( )

= 3 X ;x=0
p(X=0) = = = 0.04979 ~ 0.0500
x = 0, 1, 2
p(X 2) = p(X=0) + p(X=1) + p(X=2) = + + = 0.423
 Poisson Distribution)
3
( )
p(X r) = P(r ; u)
= 3 x=0,1,2 p(X 2) = P( 2 ; 3 ) = 0.423
 Poisson Distribution)
20
15
)
= 15
p(X>20) = 1 - p(X 20) = 1 P(20;15) = 1 - 0.917 = 0.083
) 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0.917 0.118
p(10<X 20) = P(20;15) - P(10;15) = 0.799
https://forms.gle/4QxeeNnP9MRjKYoQ8