IIT – JEE: 2024 CRASH COURSE (ADV)

TIME: 2 Hr. TOPIC: COMPLEX NUMBER MARKS: 120

SINGLE CORRECT ANSWER TYPE

This section contains 15 multiple choice questions. Each question has 4 options (A), (B), (C) and
(D) for its answer, out of which ONLY ONE option can be correct.
Marking scheme: +4 for correct answer, 0 if not attempted and –1 in all other cases.

1. Suppose that z is any complex number which is not equal to any of {3, 3, 32 } where  is a complex
1 1 1
cube root of unity. Then   equals
z  3 z  3 z  32
3z 2  3z
(A)
(z  3)2
3z 2  3z
(B)
z 3  27
3z 2
(C)
z3  3z 2  27
3z 2
(D)
z 3  27

2. If three complex numbers z1 , z 2 and z3 satisfy |z| = 1, |z – 6 – 8i| = 3 and |z + 1 – 7i| = 5 respectively,
then which of the following is true
(A) Minimum value of | z1  z 3 | is equal to 0
(B) Minimum value of | z1  z 2 | is equal to 0
(C) Value of | z1  z 2 |  | z 2  z 3 | can be greater than 6
(D) Maximum value of | z1  z 2 | is equal to 8

3. If the equation z 4  az 3  bz 2  cz  d  0 where a, b, c are real coefficient different from zero, has a
c ad
purely imaginary root, then the value of the expression  is equal
ab bc
(A) 0
(B) 1
(C) 2
(D) 4

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  Z  i  
4. The mirror image of the curve given by Arg   in the line (1  i)z  (i  1)z  0 is
 Z  1 4
 Z  1 
(A) Arg  
Zi 4
 Z  1 
(B) Arg  
Zi 4
 Z 1 
(C) Arg  
 iZ  1  4
(D) None

a1 | a 1 |2 1 a1 a1 1
5. Let a1 ,a 2 ,a 3 be the affixes of vertices of triangle and if 1  a 2 | a 2 |2 1 ,  2  a 2 a 2 1 then
a 3 | a 3 |2 1 a3 a3 1
the circumcentre of the triangle is

(A) 1
2
2
(B)
1
21
(C)
2
1
(D)
2 2

6. If x12  y12  x12  y12  x 32  y 32  4 where x i , yi  R, i  1, 2,3 then the maximum value of
(x1  x 2 )  (x 2  x 3 )  (x 3  x1 )  (y1  y 2 )2  (y 2  y3 )2  (y3  y1 ) 2 equals
2 2 2

(A) 18
(B) 24
(C) 36
(D) 48

7. If w ( 1) be a cube root of unity and a, b, c are integers such that all of them are not equal then the
minimum value of | a  bw  cw 2 | equals
(A) 0
(B) 1
3
(C)
2
1
(D)
2

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  Z  iZ1 
8. If A(Z1 )B(Z2 )C(Z3 ) are vertices of a triangle such that Z3   2  and
 1 i 
| Z1 |  3, | Z2 |  4 and |Z 2 + iZ1| = |Z1| + |Z2 | then area of triangle ABC is
5
(A)
2
(B) 0
25
(C)
2
25
(D)
4

9. If Z1 and Z2 are two complex numbers such that Z12  Z22  R and Z1 (Z12  3Z 22 )  2, Z 2 (Z12  Z 22 )  11
then Z12  Z 22 can be
(A) 5
(B) 125
(C) 25
(D) 15

Im Z5
10. If Z is a non-real complex number, then the minimum value of is
Im 5 Z
(A) –1
(B) –2
(C) –4
(D) –5

11. A(z a ), B(z b ), C(z c ) be the vertices of ABC taken in anticlockwise direction whose circum-circle is
|z| = r if the internal angular bisector of angle A meets the circum circle again at (Z D ) then
(A) ZD  Za Zc
(B) Z2D  Zb Zc
Zb Zc
(C) ZD 
Za
 Z b Zc
(D) ZD 
Za

12. Let P(z1 ) be any point on the circle with OP as diameter (O being origin). The points Q(z 2 ), R(z 3 ) are

on the same side of the diameter OP such that POQ  QOP   and 2 3z 22  2  3 z1z 3. Then  
equals

(A)
8

(B)
12

(C)
18

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 
(D)
10

(z 3  z1 )( z 0  z 2 )
13. If the tangents at z1 , z 2 on the circle | z  z 0 | r intersect at z 3 then equals
( z 0  z 2 ) (z 3  z 2 )
(A) 1
(B) –1
(C) i
(D) –i

14. If y1  max || Z  W |  | Z  W 2 ||, where |Z| = 2 and y 2 = max||Z - W| - |Z - W 2 ||

1
where | Z |  and W and W 2 are non -real cube roots of unity, then
2
(A) y1  3 ; y 2 = 3
(B) y1  3; y 2 = 3
(C) y1  3 ; y 2 < 3
(D) y1  3 ; y 2 < 3

p q r a b c
15. If a, b, c, p, q, r are three non-zero complex numbers such that    1  i and    0
a b c p q r
p2 q 2 r 2
then value of   is
a 2 b2 c2
(A) 0
(B) –1
(C) 2i
(D) –2i

MULTIPLE CORRECT ANSWER(S) TYPE

This section contains 15 multiple choice questions. Each question has 4 choices (A), (B), (C) and
(D) for its answer, out which ONE OR MORE is/are correct. (+4, –2)
Partial Marks: +1 For darkening a bubble corresponding to each correct option. Provided NO
incorrect option is darkened. In all other cases, minus (–2) mark will be awarded in these parts.
For Example: If (A), (C)and (D)are all the correct options for a question, darkening all these
three will result in +4 marks; darkening only (A)and (D)will result in +2marks; and darkening
(A)and (B)will result in –2 marks, as a wrong option is also darkened.

(1  z 2 )
16. If ‘z’ is a complex number such that |z| =1 and let   , then locus of lies on
1  z2
(A) |z – 2 – 4i| = |z – 2 + 4i|
(B) |z – 3 + 4i| = |z + 3 + 4i|
(C) |z – 2| = |z + 2|
(D) |z – i| - |z + i | = 2

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17. If z1 , z 2 , z 3 z 4 are the four complex numbers represented by the vertices of a quadrilateral taken in
z 4  z1 
order such that z1  z 4  z 2  z3 and arg  , then the quadrilateral is a
z 2  z1 2
(A) Square
(B) rhombus
(C) rectangle
(D) a cycle quadrilateral

18. Let a, b, c be distinct complex numbers with |a| = |b| = |c| = 1 and z1 , z 2 be the roots of the equation
az 2  bz  c  0 with |z1| = 1. Let P and Q represent the complex numbers z1 and z 2 in the argand
plane with POQ  , O0    1800 where O being the origin) then
2
(A) b 2  ac;  
3
2
(B)   ;PQ  3
3
(C) PQ  2 3; b 2  ac
 2
(D)   ; b  ac
3

19. Consider the region of complex numbers z given by the set S where
  z   z   10   10  
S  z  0; 0  Re    1,0  Im    1,0  Re    1, 0     1  then which is/are correct
  10   10   z   z  
25
(A) The area of the region is (6  ) square units
2
(B) Minimum value of |z| equals 5 2
(C) Maximum value of |z – 10i| equals 10 2
 z  10 
(D) Arg   is  only for two value of z
 z  10i 

20. If z1 and z 2 are non-zero complex numbers satisfying z12  i  

2  1 z1z 2  2z 22  0 then for the
triangle formed by points origin z1 , z 2 as vertices which is/are correct
(A) Always right angled triangle
(B) Always right angled isosceles triangle
(C) An angle of triangle can be tan 1  2
(D) Area of triangle can be 2  2  if | z |  2
1 2

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21. Given A, B, C are the points representing the non-zero complex numbers z1 , z 2 , z 3 and the equation
of circum circle of ABC is |z| = r. If the altitudes of the triangle through the opposite vertices meets
the circum vertices meets the circum circle at D, E, F, respectively, then which is/are correct.
(A) Ortho centre of ABCis z1 + z 2 + z3
1 1 1
(B) Ortho centre of DEF is –z1 z 2 z3  2  2  2 
 z1 z 2 z3 
1  z 2 z 2  z 22 z 32  z32 z12 
(C) Centroid of DEF is –  1 2 
3 z1z 2 z3 
z1z 2  2z 2 z3  z 3z1
(D) The length o the median through D of DBC is
2z1

22. Let z1 , z 2 , z 3 , z 4 be affixes of four points A, B, C , D in order respectively, no three of which are
collinear (zi  0). Let b1 , b2 , b3 , b 4 are non-zero real such that of b1 + b2 + b3  b4  0, bi  0 and
b1z1 + b 2 z 2 +b3 z 3 + b 4 z 4 =0 and b1b 3 |z1 - z 3 |2 = b 2 b 4 |z 2 - z 4 |2 , then A, B, C, D can be
(A) Vertices of a rectangle
(B) Vertices of a square
(C) Concyclic points
(D) Vertices of parallelogram which is not square or rectangle

23. If the solutions of the equation Z4  4iZ3  6Z2  4iZ  i  0 represent vertices of a convex polygon
in the complex plane, and the area of the polygon is S. Then which of the following is/are incorrect?
(A) S  21/ 2
(B) S  23/ 2
(C) S  25/ 2
(D) S  25/ 4

24. Let P(  ) is a variable point on the curve |z – i| = 1 in argand plane such that
 2  3 i
 amp ( )  , Q    be another point and area swept out by segment PQ is S (in square
3 3  2 2
units), then which of the following is./are correct?
(A) |  |min  3
(B) |  |min  1
 3
(C) s  
3 4
2 3
(D) s  
3 4

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25. Consider ABC whose circumcircle is |z| = r in the argand plane with A, B, C, be represented by
complex numbers a, b, c respectively. The foot of altitudes from A, B, C meet the opposite side at D,
E and F and the altitudes when produced meet the circle |z| = r at L, M and N respectively then which
of following is/are correct?
(a 2 b 2  b 2 c 2  c 2 a 2 )
(A) centroid of LMN is
3abc
(B) the mirror image of orthocenter of ABC with respect to BC lies on |z| = r
 bc
(C) the mirror image of orthocenter of ABC with respect to BC is
a
(D) none of these

1
26. Let the complex numbers  and lie on circle (x  x 0 ) 2  (y  y 0 ) 2  r 2 and

(x  x 0 )  (y  y 0 )  4r . Respectively. If z 0  x 0  iy 0 satisfied 2 | z 0 |2  r 2  2 then |  | is
2 2 2

smaller than
(A) 1
1
(B)
2
1
(C)
3
1
(D)
10

27. If A(z1 ), B(z 2 ) and C(z 3 ) are three points in argand plane where | z1  z 2 |  | z1 |  | z 2 | and
| (1  i)z1  iz 3 | | z1 |  | z 3  z1 |, then
 z  z3 
(A) A, B, and C lie on a fixed circle with centre  2 
 2 
(B) A, B, C form right angle triangle
(C) A, B, C from an equilateral triangle
(D) A, B, C from an obtuse angle triangle

28. Let z1 , z 2 , z3 be the vertices of a triangle ABC. Then which of the following statements is correct?
1 1 1 z1  z 2  z 3
(A) If    0, where z  then ABC is an equilateral triangle
z  z1 z  z2 z  z3 3
1 1 1 z1  z 2  z 3
(B) If ABC is an equilateral triangle then    0, where z 
z  z1 z  z2 z  z3 3
1 1 1
(C) If z1 z2 z 3  0, then the triangle ABC is equilateral
z2 z3 z1
(D) If | z1 |  |z 2 | | z3 | and z1  z 2  z3  0 then the triangle ABC is equiliateral.

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29. z1 , z 2 .....z 9 are roots of the equation z 9  z8   2 z 7  ........  8 z   9  0(z  C,   R  ) then
which of the following is/are true? ( arg(z i )  arg(z j ) i  j and arg(z i ) represents principal argument
of z i )
37 9
(A)  z
r0 i0
r
i  2 for  = 1

  
(B) 1 ,  2 and 3  {z1 , z 2 , ......z9 } are vertices of a triangle such that Arg  i    i , j  {1, 2, 3}
  5
 j
number of such triangles are 30
(C) Number of quadrilaterals, whose vertices are V1 , V2 , V3 and V4  {z1 , z 2 , ......z9 } such that arg
 Vi
 
     i, j  {1, 2, 3, 4} are 15
 Vj
 5
n
 
2n  1
(D) If x  , n  Z and | i  j |  4 then integral part of a  2 b ,(n  N) is an odd number
2
(given that   1)

30. Let z1 , z 2 , z3 , z 4 are roots of z 6  z 4  z 3  z 2  1  0 such that z 3r  1  0 for r  {1, 2, 3, 4} then

which of the following is/are true?
(A) z199  z 99 2  z3  z 4  0
99 99

(B) z199  z 99
2  z 3  z 4  1
99 99

(C) Area of quadrilateral made by joining z1 , z 2 , z 3 , z 4 on the argand plane is 2 cos 3 180
(D) Area of quadrilateral made by joining z1 , z 2 , z 3 , z 4 on the argand plane is 2sin 720

NUMERICAL VALUE TYPE

This section contains 10 questions. Each question is numerical value type. For each question,
enter the correct numerical value (in decimal notation, truncated/rounded-off to second decimal
place. (e.g. 6.25, 7.00, –0.33, –.30, 30.27, –127.30).
Marking scheme: +4 for correct answer, 0 if not attempted and 0 in all other cases.

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
31. Let , , , , , , , , are vertices of regular
a1  2i a 2  2i a 3  2i a 4  2i a 5  2i a 6  2i a 7  2i a 8  2i
octagon. Then the area of octagon is (1/A) (Where a j  R for j  1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and i = 1)
where (A 2 / 8) 

 39z 12z 
4
32. If a complex number  satisfies the equation = –1, then the value of
 | Re() |1  | Im() |1 
  (where [.] is GIF)
 13 

33. Let z1 , z 2 are complex number and if | z1 |  2 and (1 - i)z 2 + (1 + i)z 2  K 2, k  0 such that the
minimum value of | z1  z 2 | equals 2 then the value of K equals

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34. Let a, b be two complex numbers and respectively satisfy the equations
(1  i)z  (1  i)z  0 and || z  13 |  | z  13 ||  6 and the minimum value of |a – b| is K then the
value of [2K] equals ([.] is GIF)

   
5 5
35. If the value of 6  2 5  i 2  5  10  6  2 5  i 2 5  10 equal k then the largest
digit in k equals.

36. If f : C  R (C is the set of complex numbers) is defined by f (z)  | z 3  z  2 | then the maximum
value of f on the circle |z| = 1 is M where [M] is equal to ([.] denotes greatest integer function)

4
37. Let z1 , z 2 , z 3 and z 4 be the roots of the equation z 4  z 3  2  0, then the value of  (2z
r 1
r  1) is

equal to S, where (S – 25) is equal to

k k
38. For any integer k, let  k  cos  i sin , where i  1. Value of the expression
7 7
12

|
k 1
k 1  k |
3
is
 |  4k  1   4k  2 |
k 1

39. If r1 and r2 are the distances from the origin of points on the curve 10(zz)  3i{z 2  (z) 2 }  16  0
which are at maximum and minimum distance from the origin, then the value of r1  r2 equal to

40. Let A1 , A 2 , .......A n be the vertices of a regular polygon of n sides inscribed in a circle of radius unity
a
and a  | A1A 2 |2  | A1A 3 |2  ....... | A1A n |2 and b  | A1A 2 || A1A 3 | ....... | A1A n | , then 
b

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IIT – JEE: 2024 CRASH COURSE (ADV)
TOPIC: COMPLEX NUMBER

Answer Key

1. (D) 2. (C) 3. (B) 4. (B) 5. (A)

6. (C) 7. (B) 8. (D) 9. (A) 10. (C)
11. (B) 12. (B) 13. (B) 14. (C) 15. (C)
16. (BC) 17. (CD) 18. (AB) 19. (ABC) 20. (ACD)
21. (ABCD) 22. (ABC) 23. (ABC) 24. (AC) 25. (ABC)
26. (AB) 27. (AB) 28. (ABCD) 29. (AC) 30. (BC)
31. (4) 32. (8) 33. (8) 34. (3) 35. (8)
36. (3) 37. (6) 38. (4) 39. (3) 40. (2)

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IIT – JEE: 2024 CRASH COURSE (ADV)
TOPIC: COMPLEX NUMBER

Answer & Solution

1. (D)

2. (C)

3. (B)
ix be a root  ax 3  cx  0 ......(1) and x 4  bx2  d  0 ........(2)
c c 2 bc
(1)  x 2  , Now (2)  2   d  0
a a a
c ad
  1
ab bc

4. (B)
Clearly z lines on |z| = 1
 zz  1
Given line x = y
i
The image of Z in x = y is i z ie
z

 Required curve is
i 
 z i 
arg 
i 
  1 4
z 
 i(1  z)  
 arg  
 iz  4

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  z 1    z 1  
 arg(i)  arg      arg  
 z i  4  z i  4

5. (A)
Let R be circumradius | z  a1 |  | z  a 2 |  | z  a 3 |  R
 a1z  a1 z  (R 2  | z |2 )  | a1 |2
a 2 z  a 2 z  (R 2  | z |2 )  | a 2 |2
a 3z  a 3z  (R 2  | z |2 )  | a 3 |2
| a 1 |2 a1 1
| a 2 |2 a2 1
| a 3 |2 a3 1 1
z 
a1 a1 1 2
a2 a2 1
a3 a3 1

6. (C)
3 3 3
GE  a 2  b 2  c 2  4R 2 (sin A  sin B  sin C)  4(2) 2 &sin 2 A  16      36
4 4 4

7. (B)
1
GE  (a  b) 2  (b  c)2  (c  a)2 
2
Min value = 1 (then a = 1, b = 1, c =2)

8. (D)
| z 2  iz1 |  | z1 |  | z 2 |  z 2 , iz1 , 0 are collinear
 arg (iz1  arg z 2 )
 arg i  arg z1  arg z 2

 arg z 2  arg z1
2
z 2  iz1
z3 
1 i
(l  i)z 3  z 2  iz1
z 3  z 2  i(z 3  z1 )

z3  z 2  z3  z2  
 i  arg    and |z 3  z 2 |  | z3  z1 |
z3  z1  z z
 3 1  2
 AB  BC  AB2  AC2  BC 2
25  2AC 2

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 5
 AC 
2
1 5 5 25
    sq.units
2 2 2 4

9. (A)
z1 (z12  3z 22 )  2
z12 (z14  9z14  6z12 z 22 )  4
(z12 )3  9z12 z 24  6z14 z 22  4 ……..(1)
z (3z  z )  | 121|
2
2
2
1
2
2

 (z 22 )3  9z12 z 42  6z12 z 42  121 ………..(2)

1  2  (z  z )125
2
1
2
2

z12  z 22  5

10. (C)
Let Z  a  ib  0 where ImZ = b
Z5  (a  ib)5  a 5  5C1a 4 bi  5C 2 a 3b 2i 2  5C3a 2 b3i 3  5C 4i 4  i 5 b 5
Im Z5  5a 4 b  10a 2 b3  b5
4 2
Im Z5 a 1
y 5
 5    10    1
Im z b b
2
a
Let    x(say), x  R 
b
y  5x 2 10x  1  5 [x 2  2x]  1  5[(x 1) 2 ]  4
Hence y min   4

11. (B)
Let D represents the complex number z  (z D )

BAD  CAD  A / 2
z  za
| z  za |

12. (B)

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13. (B)
z3  z1  PA  z0  z2  BC 
  i and   (i)
z 0  z1  AC  z 3  z 2  BP 
(z3  z1 )(z 0  z 2 )  PA BC 
   (1)   1
(z 0  z1 )(z 3  z 2 )  AC PB 

14. (C)
We have || z1 |  | z 2 ||  | z1  z 2 | and equality holds only when arg z1  arg z 2
1
|| z  w |  | z  w 2 |  | w 2  w | 3 and equality can hold only when |z| = 2 and not when |z| =
2

15. (C)
2
p q r 
We have (1  i )2     
a b c 
p2 q2 r 2  qr rp pq 
1  1  2i  2
 2 2  2   
a b c  bc ca ab 
p 2 q 2 r 2 2abc  a q r 
2i        
a 2 b2 c2 pqr  P b c 
p 2 q 2 r 2 2abc
    (0)
a 2 b 2 c2 pqr
p2 q 2 r 2
 2  2 2
a b c

16. (BC)

17. (CD)

18. (AB)

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19. (ABC)

(5) 2 (5) 2 25 25

Non hatched area  5  5    25   (  2)
4 4 2 2
25  25
 required area = 100 - (  2)  75  25  (6  )
2 2 2

20. (ACD)
z1
 2i , i  0, z1 , z 2 forms rt. Triangle
z2

| z1 |  2 2  | z 2 |  2 (or) 2 2  Area 
1
2
  1
2 2 (2) or  2 2  2 2
2
 2 2 (or) 4
One possible angle tan 1 2

21. (ABCD)
z 2z3
D etc
z1

22. (ABC)

23. (ABC)

24. (AC)
|  |min  OP  3

S = Area of sector CPP  area of CPQ .

1 2 1 3  3
= ,  , ,1 
2 3 2 2 3 4

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25. (ABC)
BOC  2A

In ABE, ABE  A AOM    2A
2
c a
 ef 2A  ef (   2A)
b m
ac
 e f   1
bm
ac
m 
b
Similarly
 bc ab
l n
a c

26. (AB)
1
Use | z  z 0 |  r . | z  z 0 |  2r and put z = . respectively in the two equations.

By using hypothesis we gest |  |  1 / 7

27. (AB)
z z1 
arg 1    and |z1 + i(z 3 - z1 )| = |z1| + |z 3 - z1| if arg 
z2 z 3  z1 2
 z  z3 
So, centre of circle   2  and ABC is right angle triangle.
 2 

28. (ABCD)
A necessary and sufficient condition for a triangle having vertices z1 , z 2 ,and z 3 to form an equilateral
triangle is z12  z 22  z 32  z1 z 2  z1z3  z 2 z3 . (A) and (B) will follow by performing some algebraic
jugglery on the known condition given above
1 1 1
To prove (D) note that z1  z 2  z 3 can be changed to    0 | z1 |  | z 2 |  | z3 |
z1 z 2 z3

29. (AC)
Z1 , Z2 ,.....Z9 are roots of equation z10  10 other than z = a  all are vertices of a regular decagon
for a = 1 roots are tenth roots than 1
1 ; r  10
 z1r  z 2r  ........  z9r    N
9 ; r  10
37 9
  z
r 0 i 1
r
i  36  34  2

z  
Arg  i     zi and z j can’t be adjacent vertices
z  5
 j
(B) 7
C 2  35
(C) 6
C 4 15

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30. (BC)
z 6  z  z 4  .......  z  1  0
z5  1
z(z 1) 
5
 0  z5  1  0
z 1
or z 2  z 1  0 (rejected)
z 5 1  0  1, z1 , z 2 , z 3 , z 4
Are the roots
1  z199  z 99
2  z3  z 4  0
99 99

1 2 1 4 1
3 sin  sin  (3sin 72 0  sin 360 )
2 5 2 5 2
1
 (3cos18  cos 54)  2cos3 180
2
 2sin 72  2cos180

31. (4)

32. (8)
(2k  1) 
f
  a  ib  27a  (51b)i  e 4

1 1
a ,b
27 2 51 2
 27 2  51 2 
GE    8
 13 

33. (8)
z1 lies on circle x 2  y 2  4
k
z 2 lies on line x  y  | z1  z 2 |min  2
2
K
 22
2
K 8

34. (3)

35. (8)
G.E.= 45 [(cis720 )5  cis(720 )5 ]  45  2cos(3600 )   211  2048

36. (3)

37. (6)

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38. (4)
2k
k k i
 k  cos  i sin  e 14 1 ,  2 ,.....14 are the 14th rots of unity these are represents the vertices
7 7
of a regular polygon and |  k  1   k |  |  4k  1   4k  2 |  a say
12

|
k 1
k 1  k |
12a
 3
 4
3a
|
k 1
4k  1   4k  2 |

39. (3)
The equation is 10(zz)  3i{z 2  (z) 2 }  6  0
 5(x 2  y 2 )  6xy  8  0 …….(1)
Let (r cos , r sin ) be a point on (1), then
8
5r 2  6r 2 sin  cos   8  0  r 2 
5  3sin 2
Clearly 1  r 2  4 1  r  2
 r1  | r | max  2 and  r1  | r | min 1  r1  r2  3

40. (2)
Let us assume that O is the centre of the polygon and z 0 , z1 , ......z n  1 represent the affixes of
A1 , A 2 ,.......A n such that z 0  1, z 2  , z3   2 ,......z n  1   n  1
12a
Where   e n

2
2r 2r
Now | A1A r |2  |  r  1|2  |1   r |2  1  cos  isin
n n
2 2
 2r   2r  2r
  1  cos    sin   2  2cos
 n   n  n
a a
 2   2 4 2(n 1) 
  | A1A r |2    2  2cos   2(n  1)  2 cos  cos  .....  cos 
r 2 r 2 n   n n n 
 2(n  1)  2 real part of (   2  ......   n  1 )
 2(n  1)  2(1) [since {1 +    2  ......   n  1  0}]
| A1A 2 |2  | A1A 3 |2  ...... | A1A n |2  2n
Also, let E  | A1A 2 || A1A 3 | ........ | A1A n |  | 1   ||1   2 ||1   3 | ....... |1   n  1 |
 | (1  )(1   2 )(1   3 ) .......(1   n  1 ) |
Since, 1,  ,  2 ,...... n  1 are the roots of Zn  1 =0
 (z 1)(z   )(z   2 ).....(z   n 1 )  z n  1
zn  1
 (z   )(z   2 ).....(z   n 1 )   1  z  z 2  ......  z n  1
z 1
Substituting z =1, we have (1   ) (1   2 )(1   3 ).......(1   n 1 )  n
|1   ||1   2 ||1  3 | ....... |1   n 1 |  n

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