Elements of

Community
Lesson 1
A group of people
• A group of people is the most fundamental or
essential characteristic or element of
community. This group may be small or large but
community always refers to a group of people.
A group of people
• Without a group of people we can’t think of a
community, when a group of people live
together and share a common life and binded by
a strong sense of community consciousness at
that moment a community is formed. Hence a
group of people is the first pre-requisites of
community.
A definite locality
• A definite locality It is the next important
characteristic of a community.
• Community is a territorial group.
A definite locality
• A group of people alone can’t form a community.
A group of people forms a community only
when they reside in a definite territory. The
territory need not be fixed forever. A group of
people like nomadic people may change their
habitations. But majority community are settled
and a strong bond of unity and solidarity is
derived from their living in a definite locality.
Community Sentiment
• Community sentiment means a feeling of
belonging together. It is "we feeling" among the
members.
• The members of a community speak the same
language, conform to the same mores, posses
the same sentiment, and have the same
attitudes.
Likeness
• Likeness The people in a community share a
common way of life. Their customs, traditions,
mores, language etc. are similar
A Particular Name
• A Particular Name Every community has a
particular name by which it is known to the
world. Members of a community are also
identified by that name.
• For example people living in Cebu is known as
Cebuano.
Size of Community
• Size of Community A community is classified on
the basis of it’s size. It may be big or small.
Village is an example of a small community
whereas a nation or even the world is an
example of a big community. Both the type of
community are essential for human life.
A Spontaneous Origin and
Growth
• A Spontaneous Origin and Growth There is no
community on the global world without its origin
and growth. Thus each and every community has
its own origination and growing with the passage
of time
Social Science
Lesson 2
Social Science
• Social Science view community as composed of
people interacting with one another
• Social Science is an umbrella term for the various
fields of study which examine social relations
and human society.
• Basically, from a social science perspective, a
community is described as a “group of people in
a particular area interacting together”.
Social science has
several field including….
ANTHROPOLOGY
• It is the study of people throughout the world,
their evolutionary history, how they behave,
adapt to different environments, communicate
and socialise with one another
 The Four Subfields
1. Archaeology
2. Biological Anthropology
3. Cultural Anthropology
4. Linguistic Anthropology
Archaeology
• Archaeologists study human culture by
analyzing the objects people have made. They
carefully remove from the ground such things
as pottery and tools, and they map the
locations of houses, trash pits, and burials in
order to learn about the daily lives of a
people.
• They also analyze human bones and teeth to
gain information on a people’s diet and the
diseases they suffered.
Biological Anthropology
• Biological anthropologists seek to understand
how humans adapt to different environments
and what causes disease and early death. To do
this, they study humans (living and dead)
Cultural Anthropology
• Sociocultural anthropologists explore how
people in different places live and understand
the world around them. They want to know
what people think is important and the rules
they make about how they should interact with
one another
Linguistic Anthropology
• Linguistic anthropologists study the many ways
people communicate across the globe. They are
interested in how language is linked to how we
see the world and how we relate to each other.
DID YOU
KNOW?
 “ a land where people do not have our common
diseases, such as heart ailments, cancer, arthritis,
high blood pressure, diabetes, tuberculosis, fever,
asthma, liver trouble, gall bladder trouble,
constipation or many other ailments that plague the
rest of the world.

Moreover, there are no hospitals, no insane asylums,

no drug stores, no tobacco stores, no police, no jails,
no crimes, no murders and no beggars.

Furthermore, there are no insects to destroy the

crops or fruit trees, therefore no need for poisonous
sprays.”
Hunza - The Hunza valley is in the western
Himalayas. China lies to the north-east, Afghanistan
to the north-west and Pakistan to the south. It is
approximately 8,000 feet (2,440m) above sea level.

✓ In this region, healthy people lived to be 120

or even 140 years of age.
✓ The only occupation that existed in the Hunza
was farming.
There were three main produce:

• Fruits. These included apricots, peaches,

pears, apples, plums, grapes, cherries,
mulberries and figs. Many of these were sun-
dried on the roofs of the houses.

• Vegetables. These included potatoes,

tomatoes, all types of beans, lettuce, cucumbers,
many types of melons and almost all types of
vegetables grown in the West.

• Grains. The main one was wheat. Other grains

grown were rye, oats, barley, corn, millet and
buckwheat.
Dr. Hoffman believed that another contributing factor to
the health and longevity of the Hunza people was their
relaxation and lack of stress.

They were unaffected by the worries, restlessness,

confusion, stress and strife of the outside world. They were
happy because:

• They did not have worries

• They had wonderful terraced farms
• They always had abundant water to irrigate
• Their crops where always bountiful.
• There was abundant harvest to be stored for winter
• They were healthy
• There were no crimes, no police and no jails.
ECONOMICS
• The branch of knowledge concerned with the
production, consumption, and transfer of
wealth.
• Why are some countries rich and some countries
poor?
• How can data help us understand the world?
ECONOMICS
• Why do we ignore information that could help us
make better decisions?
• It often involves topics like wealth and finance,
but it’s not all about money. Economics is a
broad discipline that helps us understand
historical trends, interpret today’s headlines, and
make predictions about the coming years.
Why should I care about
economics?
• Economics affects everyone’s lives. Learning
about economic concepts can help you to
understand the news, make financial decisions,
shape public policy, and see the world in a new
way.
Political Science
• Political science focuses on the theory and
practice of government and politics at the
local, state, national, and international levels.
We are dedicated to developing understandings
of institutions, practices, and relations that
constitute public life and modes of inquiry that
promote citizenship.
• a social science concerned chiefly with the
description and analysis of political and
especially governmental institutions and
processes
PSYCHOLOGY
• The science of mind and behaviour
• The mental or behavioral characteristics of an
individual or group
• The study of mind and behavior in relation to
a particular field of knowledge or activity
SOCIOLOGY
• Sociology is the study of social life, social change, and
the social causes and consequences of human behavior.
Sociologists investigate the structure of groups,
organizations, and societies, and how people interact
within these contexts.
• Social movements, Racial inequality, Social media and
culture, Population aging, Gender in the workplace,
Immigration and migration, Social and economic
inequality, Sexuality and family formation
Understanding Community
Dynamics and Community
Action
Lesson 3
COMMUNITY
• Derived from the Latin word
“communis” which means
“common” or “shared”.
• It is a social unit composed of
people who have something in
common.
COMMUNITIES MAY BE
FORMED IN TWO WAYS
1. GEOGRAPHICAL
The members of the community share the
same geographic vicinity, such as s village,
province or neighborhood.

2. NON-GEOGRAPHICAL
There are communities formed based on
needs, ideas, interests, identity, practices and roles
in social institutions such as at home, at work, in
government, society or the community at large.
COMMUNITIES MAY ALSO BE
DIVIDED INTO TWO LEVELS
• MICRO LEVEL • MACRO LEVEL
Group is formed Large group affiliations
based on personal are formed such as
social ties national communities,
international
communities, and
virtual communities.
COMMUNITY’S DIVERSE
ROLES
1. Community consultation
2. Joint planning
3. Joint design
4. Joint delivery
5. Implementation of community- led
activities
 TYPES OF COMMUNITY
ACTIVITIES

Asset Community Support

Engagement needs of
Transfer in decision the
Making
Better use making Community community
of physical Networks
resources
COMMUNITY ACTION
• It is any activity that aims to increase the
understanding, engagement, and empowerment
of communities for the intention of giving
services to people.
COMMUNITY
ACTION’S
OBJECTIVES
BUILDING COMMUNITY AND
SOCIAL CAPACITY
Community actions will serve
as an avenue for local citizens
to share their knowledge,
skills, and ideas with one
another.
PREVENTION
The members of the community
will be able to prepare ahead of
time because of the community
plans. Collaborations and
partnerships are achieved to
prevent upcoming concerns.
COMMUNITY RESILIENCY
Through community action
initiates, the community is
motivated to be able to
support itself, and face
possible challenges.
MAINTAINING AND
CREATING WEALTH
Community action focuses on
helping people in the long term,
and one significant way o do that
is allowing people too pursue
employment, or by developing
community exercises
SOLIDARITY
Lesson 4
Solidarity
• It can be described as a sense of unity among
people, especially in terms of their interests or
objectives, or as an expression of support or
sympathy
Is this Solidarity???
Have you ever heard of a Myrmecologist?

Myrmecology is the study of ants

They are able to lift 20 times their own body weight
Ants have been found to build structures 500 times
their own height.
The brain of one ant has 250,000 cells whereas the
human brain has 10,000 Million brain cells.
However they probably use
more of their cells than we
do. What do you think?
Ants also have 2 stomachs. One for storing up food to share
with others later, and one for itself
 Isn’t that
nice of them
to be so
thoughtful?
The life expectancy of an ant is 45-60 days
Yet these tiny
creatures
accomplish
much in your
short life-span
Ants teach us a lesson about
“SOLIDARITY”
One of the first
scholars to study
solidarity as a social
phenomenon was
Emile Durkheim. He
theorized that there
are two kinds of
solidarity: Mechanical
and organic
Mechanical Solidarity
• Occurs in small, homogenous societies, with
shared beliefs and values, known as their
collective conscience, which give them a shared
sense of kinship and identity. This collective
conscience is held sacred and takes precedence
iven individual members and their respective
experiences.
Organic solidarity
• Occurs in large, diverse, complex societies, and
are the result of urbanization, industrialization,
capitalism and the division of labor.
• The individual members of these societies
perform highly specialized and differentiated
tasks and their solidarity toward each other
arises from their interdependence on each other.
Their differences are not only accepted but
expected and necessary; their different functions
are each integral to their society as a whole
Community
Engagement
Lesson 5
Community engagement
• Is the process of working together with the
members of a group based on geographic
proximity, special interest, or similar situations
to address issues affecting the whole group.
Problems of the community in
the Philippines
• Housing Problems (Increasing houses in
squatter’s area and Lack of shelter)
Nonito Donaire helps give away 100 homes in Iloilo

It was the same mind, same heart, and we just

wanted to help," said Donaire
Educational
problems
• Lack of classrooms
• Lack of facilities
Environmental problems

• Air pollution
• Traffic
• Improper waste disposal
• Prone to flood
• Polluted Surroundings
Others
• Malnutrition
• Non-potable water
• Increasing crime rates
• Addiction (Pushers and users)
• Transportation
Malnutrition
Partnership and coalitions
• Are involved to mobilize resources and influence systems,
change relationships among partners, and serve as catalysts for
changing policies and programs
• Example: Administration and Police, Health Workers, Churches
and Rehabilitation Centres.
Health Workers
Churches
Administration and
Rehabilitation centre in the
Philippines
The following points should be
kept in mind when doing
community engagement efforts
• Before starting a community engagement effort
✓ Be clear about the purpose or goals of the engagement effort and the
populations and/or communities you want to engage
✓ Become knowledgeable of the community’s culture, economic
conditions, social networks, political and power structures, norms and
values, demographic trends, history and experience with efforts by
outside groups to engage it in various programs
• For engagement to occur
✓ Go to the community, establish relationship, build trust,
work with the formal and informal leadership and seek
commitment from community organizations and leaders
• For engagement to succeed
✓Partnering with the community is necessary to
create change and improve conditions
✓All aspects of community engagement must
recognize and respect the diversity of the
community
✓Awareness of various culture of a community and
other factors affecting diversity must be paramount
in planning, designing and implementing
approaches to engaging a community
✓Must be flexible enough to meet its changing needs
✓Community collaboration requires long-term
commitment by the engaging organization and its
partners
 Community engagement may
take many forms and partners can
include organized groups,
agencies, institutions, or
individuals.
• In a community engagement continuum, there is as increasing
level of community involvement, impact, trust and
communication flow.
• It comes in five parts: outreach, consult, involve, collaborate
and shared leadership
Ten areas of Community Engagement

✓ Objectives
✓ Core Values
✓ Members and Roles
✓ Partnership/Coalition
✓ Survey
✓ Action Plan (How to’s) COMMUNITY
ENGAGEMENT
✓ Budget/Expenses
✓ Needs
✓ Time Line (short term or long
term)
✓ Evaluation
Conclusion

• In line with this, there are important points to consider when

doing community engagement efforts. There are steps to be
planned out before starting a community engagement efforts
and points to keep in mind for the engagement to occur and
succeed
Memorize the Preamble of
the Philippine Constitution.
PREAMBLE

We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid

of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane
society, and establish a Government that shall embody our
ideals and aspirations, promote the common good,
conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to
ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of independence
and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth,
justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and
promulgate this Constitution.
Citizenship
Lesson 6
Citizenship

•Is the status of a person

recognized under the law as a
legal member of a nation.
Article IV, Section 1 of the Philippine
Constitution
• States the following key points to determine that an individual is a citizen
of the Philippines:
1] Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of
this Constitution;
2] Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines;
3] Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect
Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority; and
4] Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.
Citizenship by Birth
• By birth a.k.a Jus soli . It means you’re an
automatic citizen if you were born in the
Philippines soil or territory.

• By blood a.k.a. Jus sanguinis . You are a citizen if

any of your parents is a Filipino citizen on your
birthdate according to the Philippine Nationality
Law.
Citizenship by Birth
• that person was born on or after October
15, 1986 and at least one parent was a
Philippine citizen on the birthdate;
• or that person was born on or after
January 17, 1973 and both parents were
Philippine citizens on the birthdate or the
person elected Philippine citizenship
pursuant to the provisions of the 1935
Constitution;
Citizenship by Birth

• or that person was born on or after May 14, 1935 and the father was a
Philippine citizen or, if the father was not, the mother was a Philippine
citizen and the person elected Philippine citizenship pursuant to the
provisions of the 1935 Constitution;
• or that person was born on or after August 29, 1916 and prior to May
14, 1935 and at least one parent was an inhabitant and resident of the
Philippine Islands and a Spanish subject on April 11, 1899, or that person
was an inhabitant and resident of the Philippine Islands and a Spanish
subject on April 11, 1899, except in certain specific cases.
Citizenship by Naturalization
•This is a judicial act of adopting a
foreigner and granting him the
privileges of a native-born citizen.
Citizenship by Naturalization

• He/she must not be less than twenty-one (21) years of age on the
day of the hearing of the petition;
• He/she must have resided in the Philippines for a continuous period
of not less than ten (10) years;
• He/she must be of good moral character and believes in the
principles underlying the Philippine Constitution, and must have
conducted himself in a proper and irreproachable manner during
the entire period of his residence in the Philippines in his relation
with the constituted government as well as with the community in
which he is living;
• .
Citizenship by Naturalization
• He/she must own real estate in the Philippines worth not less than
five thousand (5000) pesos, Philippine currency, or must have some
known lucrative trade, profession, or lawful occupation;
• He/she must be able to speak or write English or Spanish or any one of
the principal languages;
• He/she must have enrolled his minor children of school age in any of
the public or private schools recognized by the Bureau of Public
Schools of the Philippines where Philippine history, government and
civics are taught or prescribed as part of the school curriculum, during
the entire period of the residence in the Philippines required of him
prior to the hearing of the petition for naturalization as Philippine
citizen
Loss of Philippine Citizenship
• Commonwealth Act No. 63, dated 20 October 1936, provides that
Philippine citizens may lose citizenship in any of the following ways
or events:
• By naturalization in a foreign country;
• By express renunciation of citizenship;
• By subscribing to an oath of allegiance to support the constitution or
laws of a foreign country upon attaining twenty-one years of age or
more: Provided, however, That a Filipino may not divest himself of
Philippine citizenship in any manner while the Republic of the
Philippines is at war with any country.
Loss of Philippine Citizenship

• By rendering services to, or accepting commission in, the armed forces

of a foreign country, and the taking of an oath of allegiance incident
thereto, except in certain specified cases;
• By cancellation of the certificates of naturalization;
• By having been declared by competent authority, a deserter of the
Philippine armed forces in time of war, unless subsequently, a plenary
pardon or amnesty has been granted; and
• In the case of a woman, upon her marriage to a foreigner if, by virtue
of the laws in force in her husband's country, she acquires his
nationality.
Reacquisition of Philippine
Citizenship
• Republic Act No. 8171, approved 23 October 1995,
provided a mechanism allowing Filipino women who
have lost their Philippine citizenship by marriage to
aliens and natural-born Filipinos who have lost their
Philippine citizenship, including their minor children, on
account of political or economic necessity, to reacquire
Philippine citizenship.
Reacquisition of Philippine
Citizenship
• Republic Act No. 9225, approved 29 August 2003,
provided that natural-born citizens of the Philippines
who had lost their Philippine citizenship by reason of
their naturalization as citizens of a foreign country would
be deemed to have re-acquired Philippine citizenship
upon taking an oath of allegiance to the Republic.
Citizen Participation
• Is the dynamic and voluntary involvement of community members
to address issues and concerns affecting their community and
improve social policies, laws, and programs.
 Citizen Participation Models

• Cognitive engagement
Participation as a result of individual disposition
such as personal interest or awareness on politics based
on social media.
• Social Capital Model
Considers participation as based on social
interaction among individuals within groups and
communities.