Design Of Buildings For lliglr Winds Sri Lanka

Design

i.4.2 ALAZ iNG / 42

Tables apPlY to fioat, sheet ot Plain glass
TABLE 7,4.1 MA.XI}1UI,i GLASS AREA FOR CIVEN LOCATIONS -
SUP?OP.TED ON ALL TOUR SIDgS
iR;ii; i""g side to short side less ihan 3)-
POST-DISASTER BUILDlNG

Ilaximlni . -eas of Glass (f12) for lollotrinB

?OST DlSASTER BUIL]]TNOS ThickDess e: (i ches)

ZONE LOC.ATION HEIGHT 1/8" 32oz 3/16,' 1/ 4"

(FT) 3mm 5nm 6nm

Exposed l0 13 18 28 39
20 l1 16 23 32
30 i0 t4 20 28
Shel!ere.1 l0 2t 31 46 65
2A t1 25 36 5Z
30 15 22 33 46

ll:ipo sed i0 rt 24 35 ta
i0 13 r9 27 38
30 l2 I7 25 35
i0 28 40 59 B4
2Q 2l 31 46 65
l0 19 21 4t) 51

lxposed l0 23 35 51 74
20 2A 29 42 61
:r0 t1 25 36 52
l0 34 50 14 104
2!t 30 45 65 92
30 27 40 59 84

EXAM?LE
A hosDital is in Zone L e:rPosed and winclo\,vs are req uire d
for a'second floor. 1L-re openings are 5' x 4' - Heighl to
winclov above ground 15' :
Calculat i ons r-
(i) Glass atea =.5' :< ' 1.1

= 70 Lt'
(ii) Fiom Teble 7 lr .l , r"luire(l [lass rhickn('qs = 3'i ]6"
if lhe ttindoli :Lrca is 'lr:'rj'led inT_o 4 by intrcduclng:_ (tr:rnson)
i;.;i".i';;;*L.i lu,rtl.ion.r an'l a hotizontal member'
thinner ql lss clrr Le r cLl
( i") Np gl.ts" irre r = -0 'r'
t.
(v) Fron Tabl e 7.lr 1 , rccluirerl glass thichress = 1/8"

ile$iF,i F,:r1!(^i @
e=rdg";,r'ffi*,rrffin f:-::--=-
I sn Lan*a j
GLM I I\]G

TABLE 7-4 4 MAXIMTI}J DIUENS] IMq INO .-..

c,:
Si,8i iffipsl5,;ii,$ ififr o-$;ar
'iiri",;t" sic' 'o sr'o(' sjcp grpa,e-
NOR}'.,lL BUILDING

NORIIAI, IIUILDINCS for Followi.ng :.1de

"N" in FeeE and
n1c knesses of
L
class
ZO NIl LOCAT] ON HS I CTIT
1/8" l2oz
(Fr) lmm
3/16" |/4"
5 nnr
6mn
nxposed 10 I '3"
20 1,2"
30
I'8" 2t 0" 2',6"
Sheltered l0 i'11,' 2'4"
1'8"
20 1'6"
30 I '5" I '11" 3't"
ExIJosed 10
:C i 'l',
lo
10 1'tt" J '0',
20 1'l1,, 4'0,'
'lo
I '10,'
Exposed
3'l0,'
10 l
2A t ' 11"
30 I 3'4"
Shaltcred 10
20
t 'll"
I 'tt" 4t0,,
30 l '11" 4to,,
4'0"

EXAMPLS

nouse 1n
nith \dinrlor, 7 I, expo s ed
Zon F

g rorDd fl oor (hL:ighr

to r",indoI!, above ground = 6,)
Calculation:
(i) L= t : 3.5 r 3.
iri Z
Tabte 7 4.4 app1ie.s.
(" ' l-bl- /, ,o
_ron
r ':.hi^r'. -. = 2 ft
^. ,.r,

r--;-
Desigqr 0f Suildings For gtiglt Wi$ds

7.4-2 GLAZI NG

TABLE 7 ,4, 3. }IAXIML]},I DII{ENSiONS FCR GIVEN LOCATIONS

GT-ASS SUPPORTED ON lVO SIDES ONLY OR
ON ALL FO"]R SIDES
(Ratic long side tc short side greater
than 3)
POST.DISASTER BUILDING

Maxlmuu Dinersion oI side "N" in feet and

.
POST-DlSASTER BUII,DlNGS inches frr following thlcknesses of glass

ZONE LOCATTON HEICIlT I,i B.' 32oz 3 /t6" r/4"

(rr) lnnn

Eiposed t0 tt 2tt
20 i'10" 2' 3"
30 2' t|
10 3t 2n
20 l'r9,!
11" 2'1I"
30 I

Exposed 10 I'10" 2'10"

20
2_t 1!r
30
;,.1eliared it:
2ra

-1C
2,0

Exposed 10 2,3 2' 10r'

20 I,6" 2t O"
30 l'ii" 2' I1"
SheLlered 10 r '11"
20 r'10" 3'10"
30 3'8rr

EXAI4PLE
HosoiLaI in Zore I , exPosed
witir window 7' x 1'6" at
second flool (height to !"rindo\t above ground = 15 ')
Calculation; -
(i) !: 7 = 4.1 > 3, Table 7.4.3 applies.
N 15
(ii) I'rom Table 7 4.3, for N = 1'6", glass thickness
: 32 oz.

Design Manual
Dqsign tllf 8ur{ijings f"r lf lr;rwil,n-f i- . -. l
I Jft La n !i;t I
'r It'1lJi,{ ROO!. S TRUCTI]IiJ]S

qE1\qi4!
Timbcr ij'pes, sizes F-D.l .ci
L'r(:s are !i,.. i"i-""."i;"ii;;,,1:li: j.:,;t"0". roof :r.rcr-

t:1.,:::i.,:T?;:: :l.li,:..::il:;."0 .o one anorher usins ,.he

Ref er: Secrion 7_ 6. for tiarber spacing rLrquirements j:ot roof

cl add 1n g _

All r.of struclures in hi th rriDd areas

the ccn caet e t.oting,a nust bc tied dor,7n Lo
.."t srLLrcturcs sha11 be braced ;rs recomnrended
)1] in Section
Notc: Tjmber types and rs
"st,.u.,"i5i"i;."'".i";t!" :r:-"'t"rted frorn Ihe paper
n.i"""j.^""a'i;,:i""1;:i ti8l:' ." cui_Ldins,' by
Tiurber desr'pn has been
' r'i,.-o, b_rs,
i"*, ^",',li-"jal'"lj.o,i,l:::.: J
i,i:" AS r/ro
To Lr:r. l:iris se.tlcn .etef r,. aire
i.riicw:lrg -<".tl.rs:
le.q!19! !t-ge
Tinber Types
TiLrh er Si:.:s /.5 2 1 52
lyfi c"1 R, of ArrrLrgcments 1.5.3 7,.5 _1

Lonncc ion Det.ri j q

L
/.5 lt 7-55
Roo f Tie,Do\^/n at Walls 1.5"5 l\7
li )rge r[,] E1v.s Detaile 7.5.6 7-63
L. ;' " R .,r ro F-rc, ,:o.,,,.. r o,s 1 " 5.1 7 65
7 ,66

,r
 0l Bttildings For Higlr Winds
Design
iis
I 4.4 SI]UTTERS

I
OUTS IDE

Stti
x 2t
ise,
/\.- Metal tie bracket built foL,
into brickwork at 4 crs
centre s
) Shutters hinged to
timber i ambs
Solid t imbe r Butt hi;ges maY al so
shut ter be used
.]AMB DETAIL

Barr.el bolts top and ?oured concrete

bo t tom to each linlo1 over oPening
shut ter

Shutrer catch
- centrally located

Le dge dand braced

solid timber. shutte

No 1re : Burt hinges may

a 1so be us ed

SIIUTTER ASSE}ELY

E De
 n,'-" cT-@ne. j?try,,,,._
11" La*k*
, \. j, DOC:. r't l,llr-t :-iIl]l,rc

al!-l-r:tiiserl i-'-, . .^-

..:r i 1...1 -o ....-li=i"' "
r"'. r.i: 2 - i i" ;i 2 t L e!.:a:. _
is eii :iei lre:l,l r.arL;.
1i-e ler jian!]at:c ji:r.it5
iir. ra i l.

S irap nade fron 1,1,, E|'!ii: ,-..i.k"roi-}i

x :lt gaugc p,:r lvari - 1:P a]:..r,.rt .l .1aO:
ls.r.i iron. beni ,i.l
loLde d as shcr.rn.

L,ocrr fl.rm-

i i! i-ii,, l,.r . i ii, !i -. iiil.r!il

Tinbcr door trrme

-3 ' lli 1 .

d
-

ll
I 8'i
'.'11.1 (le ta i 1.r d
tters L ] il
Ji
ll I ll 'r
" 'li
'r:r lirl ,L laol 1e.,c L Oc
,': -. . lt

,':orlr' rr I, l'rj:; i i,i irrilri Li.J l.orlr;r

2 I ilu i I rli,r rs
.'.ll:. ] '.rI Lri

iiri rrr 1.
I . ili./'1
ir 11:!t
1 t)t;tr't iit|:l

-1

{n,'if' "" ,;1

 tn!

1 4.2 GLAZ I I]
';
-,i-;
LOU'/R: ilD0ti s

'hlIllDOl"IS
TABLE 7" 4. 5 LOUVRE

r{i d rh
6" 9"
Glas s
Thi.kness
Maximum Lenglh o t Lc'.1v]:e
Blades in Or:dinai y GLass
)ONOT
r/8" l'6" I 1'8" USE

o llor

,1/ 16', 2'b )'6"

u4" 3'O 3',0"

g//
' ,'':-:--,-::--'t
---:a-' ,--:4"
,.--z-,:7---l--.:':'
--::.i

)..
TYT1CAL LOUVRE
;
,til;no :rcr rc't'I

Ll:," x 'tL/: ilarlqe gaLvrni"red

iicrr straP:ri:4 cl:s N:rx-

i,lll i li'i';,i;
"illi'!i",'
;, II rr r"r -rLvaLristl
flrl ierrl r'rils

lr$tlllB^?".3i'k"i'iliil3"',

l]€s!g &'tr'rnrrli
 n 0! Euildlngs For
$ri Lanka
TI}D]E!. ROOF STRLTCTURE S
,.'r.i 'I i}fBfl,! SIZES

TABLE 7, 5, 2 F.EEPERS fOR SAEET

ROOFING

Reepef Size A11o\rab1e Spacing of Rafrer

depth x breadrh s
eper Spa afnE
3'.6" 4', a"
l 't" l lo" 2'6" i 2'D"
3',6" 3'0,' 3',c,'

REEPERS FOR TI LE D ROOF

Reeper S ize
epth x b readth Rafter Spaclng
-_l
l, -, j

3'0"

TABLE 7. 5. lr: PUR],INS FOR SHEET

ROOFING
1.. supporte,l at cnds
.. urdtnary grJde onlv
timber,
). rLFq given dr^ lor
WIND LOAD ONLY
Zones Purlin Sizes (deprh x breadth
inches)
2'b" l'0"
Zone I 4x2
11 buildinss
B
)x / 5x2 5x2
ll tiois
9 ))</ 5>.2
loca 10 5y?. 6x2 5x2
6x2 6x2
Zone
l\11
2
brrilciinp::
8 4x2 5 x l:
{i1 1o ca r- ic'rl:;
9 l+x2 '-) t: 2
l0 5 x?. 6x2.

Design l!{anual
t;_;;t
 $ri Lar.ta Desitr
Design 0f tsuildihgs tor
t .')
1.5 IIITBER qOOF STRUC]]I]PS S
/ -5.tt
1 .5.2 Tf l:4iER TY?ES

TABLE 7 TIMBER TY?ES FOR V}'RIOUS USES

TIMBER
.....TYPE ORDlNARY
SU?ERIOR
QUALITY
QUALlTY
TTMBER. .

USE

De1, Dombakina, A1ubo, Dawu1, Kuiundu

REEPERS
Kina Tawenna Batadomba , DiYaPara ,
ErrcaLYPtus tobusto !-
SaIienl, Keeniya, KumDuK '
Lan g
Liyai. Pe1en. we

al rrbo. Dol'ana, Eu ca1-vP tus

Boral iYa
PURLINS
Guruklna ,l(ina mi..o.otY" E P i luraus '
P'AFTERS sil:
RIDGES Ta$7enna,
'ii..;-n'i i ;.i3"=::i',i "l ;"?'3 I----I ri ; "
ii.-!,va ^unc;^ Y:ra I

itijan', t4it lri;al"L"n l

il-alur,, lanota '
ile I iPenna

As for iaf ters As for rafters and Dambu'

WALL
and Dun Kelakela ' Kir'ikon ' Kos
PLATES
( ha rdr,roo d)
CEILING '
JOlS TS MendLrra, Mi.
Munamal,
l:iarnendo!a,
liihir,biYa.
Uvamendal a
'
Yakanaludun

Design ltlalruai
 Design 0t Buitdingu F.. t{igt Wind.
$ri Lanka
I .'.t TIlAER ROOF STRLiCTURJ
S
l,5.tl TYP ICAI ROOF ARRANGEI'ENTS

SHEET CLADDING ON
REEPERS
Ridge boarrt
{ff: ;"H:":l;:
Conne c ti on
Connec tion Type E - =- She e ring
Type A cr B
ReeD er
Connection
Type D Rafter
Connection Type i
ir'a11 plare
Underpurlins s pannin s not
Enan l0. betreen cro!" nore
rnra 11s
or trusses
20' maxin,urn
STIEET CLADDING OII PURLINS

Roof c l adding irt:1ins

P on pitcheC r.;a1l p 1ar,e
Conne c tion Type !' Pi tche<i weil place
Bond beam on
cross waIIs

cross walls o.r Lrusses

al 10,
_ lil:l:l ci ns sLpoo;Lins
pirched !,7;11
.spa
pi"i""5ii-p-liri"" I
.u naxLrL un
TILES ON REEPERS

Conne c tiorl Ridge ( See

Type E connectlon TvDe
E for: size) -
Conn ec tion
Type C Tiles
Con nec ti on Re epe r
Type D
Raf ter
Connection Type J
I"'r1l p1rrc--___ :.-
li9:'t:l ri's 5p5pn;-g nor nL,re
rn LU lo vce ._6" 1,-1g"
^
or ] russes "
20' r,ax i.nun

Design llla nu al
f;
t' .arI
))
 l':..::
i srt Latlt{;
-j i
-

7.5 Ti}lBER ROCF STRU'TUPJ S

7.5
1.5 "3 TIr{BEF- SIZES ( ccni ' d)
TABLE-7 5.5 .!.r\FIE?.S fO!- SHiE'T !'COllflc
'L. SuPPoit at ends onll'
.'. ,r cjl-ar) -:-acc ^n5er to l'o
3 Eawes over:hang li lorited _ira:.-lmull
Wl ND -OAU 0l$-I
'' : -, ' 2 i '' e-r a:e
R2fi-er size (depth x br eadth rnc nes )
Zones \cine ------ 2'-:" 2',6" 3'0"
Span
6' 3x2 4x2 4xZ
Zone I 1' 4y'2 +x2
(A11 Buildings) 8' 4x2 4x2 5 ><2
(A11 Loc at ions ) 9' 4x2 5:;t2 5x2
l0' ,x2 5t2 5 x2
6' 3 t2 3.x2
Zore 1' 3x2 3x2 4x2
2
3x2 !+x2 4x2
(Al1 Bui ldings) B'
4x2 4v2 5x2
(A11 Lo ca tions ) 9' 6x2
L0' 4l{2 \x2

i;iri.f,iirt r:r'f .df'1.:r ai: taii plate i-Lcrt- L'i er'reed

l- ,iLr dep;h of th,: raiLer '

\thel rot rJi a-."-, Dcrio-1 prdi rj.F ror oeacj loads
rcqui'er a largcr i_oel .'i e. hjs rakes PTocedcrce

TABLE 7 5.6 RAFTERS EOR TILED ROOF

l. oi dii3rv Prade i imb er

2. La\ ' , ..r '^-n.rag l ii i led o b" ' '\:n q

3. 'L--- . i 7-n 4ig re1 l,llND LOAD 0\L''

pacing Ratter Sizes (depth I breadth, ancnes/

2',0" Max .
0ver1-,ang

Zone l, l ,l 4' 3 x 1! 1'9" 3x2 2' 3"

lL llui I di ogs 3:q2 2', 3" 3x2 2'3"
L1 Loca tions 4x t)z 2' 3" 4v:2 2' 6"
7' t+r 2 2.'6" 4x2 7'.6"

i'lo i I i r' eYL 'l

Nol e, "
'" rlle lJrrh ,l h i't 'r
Lrhefe ncrlrrl consl rrl.lion pr:rL-:r:ice for dead lo:ld:'j
::;"i';; ;; i^iin,, ii"r-,n't si:e' this tak':s
prec"lence

Der
Oesign *!anual
).5 TIMBER ROOF STRUCTUR,E S
L5.a {;',)NNECTI0N DETAiLS

TABLE 7.5. 7 :RnEpER T0 RAFTER

CoNNECTION - SHEET RooF

Maximun Spacing
I ZONE AND ]Je f\,een Reepers
CONNECTION
Jnutlottrc
t- rvnc
TYPE
I
EXPO SE D SHELTERE D
I
Zone I
Pos t Disas ter 3'0" 3',6" TYPE A
Zone f
Norma 1
4' 0" TYPE A
Zone 2
Pos t Disas ter 4'0" TYPE A
I ZonP ?
Juo.n',"i 4'0,, 4'0" TYPE

Zone 3
A11 Buildings 4'0" 4' a" TYPE B

r'{0 TE : 1" this rablc rFJalps,o bLrild;ngs noL

exceeding 20' jn height.
2- Rafter spaciDg not to exceed 4,.

TABLE 7,5.8 :REEPER To RATTER CONNECTION

TILED ROOT

ZOI]E AND BUILDING RIEPIR SPAC ING

TYPE
CONNECTION TYPE

A1I zones
411 bui l ding To suit til es
type s Type C

l"otc 1. ; This t.rb1e rclrt.Jr lo buildings

2O, Ln he:i;ihI not e)ic ee ding
1 -5 T1}tsER ROOT ST?'UCTJRES
( cont' d)
1 .5.4 trrtaO" ROOF ARRAI'IGEI{ENTS
Bolt ridge to lrus s on
connection depends
lruss arlaigemenl "

connection TYPe
Conne ction

i.b"r loo f Lll

ttusses at
na{im!1fl centfes
20' maxir n

E;"ls" M*";l
 t"qa.C;r**-" r*,,,-r, * u i
Sri Lanka
i."t TIuBnP. ii00Jr aT\tlaTtrRilil
r,Olilil a] I O \ ilii TA
I t_s (con i ' j)
1-

qqryIE CT I OIJ TYP' A

Typ e.T
i ion g_,,--:iff . ":;::"::T, ln'o
le c sides of t,i" t".'ijia
Iii f against
, sides ol
purlin",r..ooiJrs
J r xz4 galrAe sal\/
1- J "r9 !aur c
lccatioi na it l;i5i":i,#il.;
q co tal inEo
the
Iat 1 er
i; i.;i"i";5:, Reeper-

Rafter

1i"xl2S gaLv
PLAN Ilat head nri1s^

!-j,:i-LD cuQll rY, it .., - j'r--EPLI Ca

iiinimuin gap
e nds.

iie epc r

Rafter
qJl!r{!\LqlloN rypii
E
CorDe c L ion lrrnF
nornal ll or) 1]r,al1owab le in Zone 3 areas
builrlii,,. in and for
3" r I farrt:c rrei
Ir r'('pr.j- l q tl1roll!h
/ fn ll o I iDtcre .rct.ion aeeDo f LDLo ratfcr aL cv€rrl.
c ll t,'i'l E c.t I O i\.1

Corirr.,(.1 lon'l-r,jr. (. ior i

i li,<l I oLrt, ,rnl
I r" x ll jlirtc r,i I It (,\,r] t.v r.cl)atf
, l altLcr aro|n!cLion
t)nsign M6iru"rl
I
 i s"t t-"-k- i

-=
Tll{Bt?. iiirCr 5 ii?'rl C r-Ii 9-5li

COI!-lj!:'-T r'-lli ll jill3r, l-l -S i 1r:ri i-' j)

cG i\li'i lic:I a cr'ij Tli ?9 t
!\.1: -.- :: c- i:o,a leI out in raDLe /.).v
prov:'lc, ? r'j:ovi'l^ / r'|' rr{rns ar.e complied tu-ith,

i. Suildilg 13 noa more

tharr 2C' hrgh '
Raftei glian is nol more J

fhan 1C' . I

Ma)iim"r eaves ovelhang i

does not exceeo I c. I

to
I

I
10 ' ilax.

TABLE 7 .5.9: CONNECTiOI] TY?E ''D"

P,.ui I ding Raf 1,e r Connec tion

Zar\e Typ e
Lo cation Spacing Types
'l' ,)"
L:ipc:; e l.: 2'6" alc 3 '0"
j ,- alr'-r + u

2'0" and 2'6" DL

S1-reLte::ed 3 '0" D2
3'6" and 4'0" 2DI
1 t_..-,._
2'0" and 2'6" D2
Exposed 3 '0" and 3 '6" 2D1
4',0" 2n2
I l.lc rm:,.1
2'0" and 2'6" D1
Shel-tered 3',0" D1
3'6" and 4'0" D2

2',0" D1
2',6" ll2
I cxpo se 3
i lo;, 3'0", 3'6"
and lr'0"
)
) 2D1
tl,-- I
i

I D'':a' r"' '0"

'1 2 '6"
ar.rd 2 D.L
t..r.,a
tlI 3'C"
si.,,. i D1
I ll'5" and 4'0" D2
')
'-i -
2'9" :.rrd 2'6" D1.
I I i r.xpi:ic.L 3'C" Di
'6" and 4'0" D2
I
I it1tro "n'o I i
3

I
I
2'0" and 2'6' D1

li I i I slic L iel ec 3'0" DL

lr_.. li ll'6" and 1'0' D1

t-q::rclry&tll
 Design 0f Britding. E*, rctft bVi*G
t5 Sni Lan$ra
TIMBER R,,1CF 5 TRUCTUF.E.C

cOI,-NEait i)ii D:t?iiLS { cor, : , :l)

_
CoNNECIiCti T i?r: E
Connection i.rDe g can lt.: irseil
providing;
1. BLrilding 1iot Dore than 20,
high.
:. Raft.: lergrh 1,. ;,- exceed
lype ll. lengih shown for: connection
3. Ridge board ro be I ,. f-.
rn. r)or ricoe boarc '!l spa:. of lO'.
ar 1t*i']ut
or cross wa11s
Eirhei o.i;;"";;""a"..;i;ljses as cerailed
sh i,,"'.-, belora can be used.

x9 gauge Ri dge or
irip board
1xl.+ gauge ga lvanis e.i
s tee J strap 4_2,'xI2
gauge nails each entl
Ra ft ers
Ol: S trap .

'\ | -/','
Rl cige
LocatirtF nails
undar_ '' 3 "x9gge

3"xlZ" Hardwood
at every rafter_ ridge tie
CONNECTION ?YPE I]'
2-3l8" dia bolts at each end
Purlin

- 11 plate
I,Ia
bolted to bon.l

'\!
' 7--L"x24 gaage galvanised
s leel s lrapi .
l-2"x12 gauee flat h ead
nails each 6nd of each
Ilnrl ut11 rrl it rr i. I r11 n;5

Design *lryi-l
 II $ri Lank:r i

--J

1.i TiL'illiiir iloari irr--t,I-'Lil!

i t.5 coiill;a'iroii illl.j'.,,:l i.-r 'i''i.l

11l'i rl ileiail t:
aoN:illliLlalr.-
'L, , P , - - change ir dep!h ica ali€
rr
Dl , 2il antl D2, 2Llli c ''r1r-1'r ': 'r's
A1"i s trai):r i"li:+ gaoge gai'r::ni seci s teel"
AL1 nails 2"x12 gauge ga1"-;ni'.ad f L'ri hea'1'

2 nails
each end
'f--
-t1^' )z
/

each e ':l

TYPE D1 TYP D2
I.io te rtaLl Plale clePtlr

/-l'i,l.l
, ."/ _J\
ll
-11 -a
r;

r-- i
'illl--l
:" ./

. r1ai Ls ll r1a i I:t ea,:lr

en!l . a..: il end i: ach 51re1)
YIII 2f) )
T! l:l Tr
rll) i
T

iiflrl.: .; I rr: llr,'rir lc I

lilr r: r.';r I L rr lr l r: (i'rIiI I

i=riti o
L
 , Sli i_ariia
TIi,AitR ROO.rr STiiLia,IltULq (ccr,.r,,J)
,l
.\.1_

Tol, plar" r lapped

Hardwoo d

Tio-dor.rn
r----*/l
rll Wa1l or I nnd hearr
'i --
I\TALL PLATE
lJ
-r!
S]]LlCii D]JTAIL

Ii rl,-:: r,:a I ,

ilait ers

\
R--inforce
lJor,-c1 be:rm

l
Ti,c- down
bol ts

Ti e- dorvn
rod

\'
--1;;';,,.1;.11...3,,.,
' ,rl,i-.--,Nl
:.ar't u
':i
:.'j' ..'ll,i
;;,1 ii,1,,l il ""'i;. l', o

'i !P l Cr\ I_
Alt R A I i rt it t.:l I t,tT
 Sri l-anka
IEGn oi eiitc,nss r". xigqt T{;*.!n i

1.t ' TI}4BER ROOF S ?RUCTLP'ES

DETAiL (:cr::'i)
L

1 5.5 CONNECTlO{

CONNECTIOIJ TY?E O

\' ,- Rcoi r:after

Shee:,ir,g or riles 1
i.ecper
,'.)\
llnder. purlin

Trus s lop chorcl

teel \tasher
'..t bolt
s

t" dLa.

COI'IIiECTI ON TYPE H
for fixing hiP boards to
Can also be used

di:.. bolts \,rilh

1"xl/ B" steel washers
each enci.
4" x4" xlu,' s tee 1 cover: board (off-cut
washer fr.om :ridge) no tchecl
for bolt and bolted
to main ridge board

T i e- do1'n bol t

CONNECTION TYIE .]

Rafler or Purlin

LJnder Pur-Iin or truss

Sr:raps and nails as for

,-'t connec t ion type F

Design Mafi a!
 $ri Lagrka

i.5 l IIGIR ROO| sTPr.TrrD-. /--

c. n, ,o)
BARGE AN} EAVES DETAILS
- TYPICAL
FOR CORRUGATID ASBESTOS CE}fENT.Ai.ID
CORRUGATED IRON

24 gauge ga1v. iron

barge flashing naileci to
Roof she et ing barge boat d at every
reeper or purLin and
miduay bettr'een the
reeper and pur lins
Sheet fixing to pas s
through the bargb
tlashing at everv
reeper or purl in'

l" thick hardwood

barge nailed wi th
2-3" x 9E nails ro
everv reeper or pur l in
ConnecL:ions and the cou t inuoirs
as.ieLd-iie1i 2" x 2" nailing
rec,5e]..
2" r 2" hc:dwcoci
r.{:epef reilec to
er.'ery purjin or
reeper rrith 1_3"
x 99 nail

Wall p Iate anchor ed

to footing - Refer
Tab le 7.5.13

Roof she€t

Conne c ti
ons
ari de t:ai 1.:d .1
I :i-- l" thick fascia
board nai l_ecl to
ratter ends and
firs t reeper

I
lie I te
tleferIrlr
Talr le7,5 - I ll

6.,'il'i m*',"i1 ,t
 Sv! q-aftka

' TII{BER RCCF S1Ii.UCIUF.ES

i!
]^i.A.LL PLATf, |)ET.\';LS
limber wal-1
p late

- f6" rnin
F,.rnd bean L
r;a11

SCiIEDULE
TABLE 7 5 10: I'IALL PLATE SIZE AND ANCHOR

ui lcli nq l,o,ralion l'1al1 Plate Anchoi BoLt SPacing

JJ
Depth x Bre ad tll in !.1a11 or Boncl Be
Inch es
3/B" dia 1/2" di-t
r1
4"x 3" 5'6" 7'0"
5'-?" _s ' j"
:-lii:i!ei.ed r+':t l" t '0' )' ',''
t" ;r
l" '9"
5 3'3"
llo ame" I lxp o:: e' ri
6'3" 6',3"
3" x 11',3"
Sllelteied 3" 10'9"
3',6"
4" x 3" 1',A" 7'3"
?os t Dxpos ed
3" 6" 6'. 6"
Dis as ler X
x 3" 11'6" 12',0"
Sbe ] t.cre d
x 9'0'' 9'0"
Expos ed /4" X t0 '9" r1'3"
l.io r ma1 B'6" B'6"
3" x
x 3" 12'0" 12 ' o'l
Shel. rored 10'9" 10'91'

,]
Anchor r:ocls ,:arr he eitlrer 3/8"
or li" dlanet er '
NOTI]:
rod lo ca I iots
tl('fer :i.rclion 7 I for: sPecjfic anchor
J" IJ tu-.11 co r:ner: s tor
ri,
r,..i,rkr.:. 1' "ri LL Lfh'orr

I i
i*r-t--1
0esigri F"!.lr:i ir
 [anka

/.5 T I1'{B ER ROOF S TRUCTURNS

t.5 .8 - TIMtsER EEAI.I TO POST CONNECTIONS (conr,d)

TYP ICAL JOINTS

over beam

?" dia bolts

minimunl

ffi-;j:ttortjrnber

3" x i,t u i'ls brackei

cast 6" ni n, into
t.-
4'l
concrete %" dia bol ts
mi nimun
I-

CAST IN BRACKET

*3rr x rirr l'1S bracket

L" dia bol ts

To be kept
nj n inun poss i bl e

1," dia ,u, Bol t

C,\ST IN BOL'f S

Ma nual
-Design j Sri Lanka
0f Euildings For High Winds

7.5 1I].{BEB. RCCF S TPJi C TiJRE S 1.6

l lllBEi' 3E.ili TC PCSI CO"liiECT r[)NS 7 .6
1.5.8

TY?ICAL JOINTS
Spla!ed j o j,ni

Timb er. b ee$

I
Bol Ls with washer:s
('
ol: plates.
.,
l.
11. S. P late

Timber Post.

BEAl,t JOIilil (over Post oniy)

n ist I-arge Post Round Dos t

SniLLl

llo1"x8
ian.boLts Trifl sides --i-rl
of post. 4*:ii
No I: 1 ess;
I Lran 6"

Br!.ari(ets c;:,r l- ii1'o collcitLe '

alaLe floLIl 11" steel Plate

.I'Y]] iL]AL I1]IJT SI,'PPORTS

0"..;"1 v"u''ti
Fesis" 0{ B"ildits. r* t{tshm"dt-l t!,'"@
ROOF CLADDING

GENERAL

C oi ruga te d galvanised iron, corrugared asbestos cement and

cLay tile s ahaLl be supporteC and fixed as s howrt in this
Section.
To use this Section refer tc the fol lowing:
CorrugaLed Galvanised lron refer pages 7 -70 to 7 *72 tocL
Corrugated Asbestos Cement tefer pages V-73 to 7-76 tr.cL
Ti 1e refer page 7-77

fq:'* t@l
 Sri Lanka
Design 6t ruildings Fer liigt Wimds

gTRUCTUFES
TIJ'{BEB. ROOF
(eolll'd)
5 3 TlllDER tsEAr{ T0 POSi COIINECTToNS

(Steei heam also shovn)

TYPfCAL -]0INTS
Ti 'b er bearer: or beam'
2 No ,-" diam bolts- uith
?', \.ride \ 1/ 8" vasnel:
piat e '

"U,' Top p late

velded to pos t

Sreei pcsLs

TO STEEL PCST FlXrl.iG

REARER

Steel beam

4 No Z" dia
bolts cast
1,6', into
concrete Pos
," dia " bo 1t
"ioth s ides
llli M-S. angle br]ackets
\,iith gusset Pla te s
Concrele Posts
Reinfl r-o ds
over bc 1t.

S I]EDI- ]1EAM TO CONCRLTi'] POST TIXlNG

lrl*i'L''i,rfi;l
I iDesign 0f Buildings For High
Sri Lanka
t_ilti,'i},s loN oF \r) r,rlii.0{)Ty TU
L\'t
Dyr-.Afi ic :,RISlltRll
1- arir,,\T 1,,ri\' /JtB i l]itt. !IIESSIiRE Al il
T I)if l.,t fU F.E
NENS Iry
( |) (Illb) ( ke /"1) (k e,/m I ) Qh / rt3)
!i-ler]]la
ZoDe l 2\ 950
Zonc 2 1. lr03 0.5552 0 .a0232
25 915
Zbne:l 1.1195 0"5a,98 r,.002t8
25 l0l 1 1.1840 0,5920 a,oa247

LS. af :l
l0l r.l5
Ch, V, I.2260 0-611 0 _4a256

4rrstr!!i-1
A. S. 1t70 2A
L "2000 0. 600 0.00251

The.onsranr k is dcrive dtrnaDiil

iin.ari. p res:; Lr "! - .i = (D.sig. !i!C ve 1rc i t1,) 2
i-r1, !L i.!tEd rr i,!e

rll.i llllcN lllrllIc l4ilq! !:.!! rllN 4) 9M!xn!-!!yfl9t!, (.."r,al

(L ) I!srqa]. q!r!q!!f,e9 , zoue 2

of r.1oor. or 2 srDaLl windo\rs rcsurLins io perrncab

;",r.:i.il;_" ir),
Uax Cpi = r{l.l Uin cpf _ 0.-l
(") ryorr,.!! :l!, u!,Jtr9n 1(,lt9 l
. NllAt jgib I c t il
v,r cpi ': rii^z lrob.bii;i"":,,:t '-il:lrrl'lnt oPcnr,rs occur:ri.g.

t. 6 q|ql,tr]|lt1,U- l!, gnaahs or: B-!i l-.Lr nss tllql] ]rllEloltltLiles

Tlle a:rsuur!d vaiuer: oi i.r.r
,i
:;:,1:,.i::;;: ij:.*:;i":I,., ii,rr" r.i.;."jt:.t
tl':t Llris
t"i,:,;i.tii,"i,,,,,,,
r,1rs:i,,!.,.,.1!, .o.rer Lhe fositive "'r""i int.rnar
1e .o()f arca (,hcn dcLcrminiog oveiatt ro.f
Lj)ljL-t. "n"'l"o

Manual
 Sri La*ka Desig

ROOF CLADDIIiG - {]ORRUGATiD AStsEJTCS C'I{ENT

1.6 /.6
FIXINGS COiP:UG}'TELT ASBTSTCS CE}Ei.]T

calvanised Hook llo1ts and 'ilashels

H0OK BOLI -ld

vrasher as s errb 1Y
i-
I

Zon
- exPlodeci "ie'r
$-1'- trut
Zar

T---
*) Pos
i r l ^ i ^.2,: -1 . -r: d Di s
,1, n g tl anic;d .-LPr I as )e'
ffi Zo(
lio I
] ---'.. S.aLinq "tasher: - neoPrene,
r .'b r . - 1 ir uninou- f'' L'
Zor
Por
tti:
lloc1i Bolt
(1." ri: ) Zol
!'l o

\,/
Zo
AI
BOLT l-0cATi0iis Ai.iD SIDE LAPS
iR"
ltooli
FlXIl,'C S

/-Notrnoucn
SIDE LAPS
DO NOT LAI
'-'ltoRe tuAN
ONE
CORRUGATION
4liirings Per sheet

2nd lrth 6rh

-t'--1.*-
I l j Ilnsi: !,r:1. !!r.9. !
2 rr r:1
6th

'--,-'.*r-*-'{ '---'.-"'-"-"'-'*J'---."'"'**'-'-
:l I i:i i11lt. Ir.r

I t'i:tgl hl;;;;;il {i;

 O"rign Ot guitOlng;E;E wi;;;
Sni Lanka
ROOF CLADDII,{G CORRUCATED
ASBESTOS CEMENT
CORRUGAIED ASBESTOS
CE}6NT PIXI}iG PROCEDURE
(BUILD II.{GS NOT EXCEEDING
20 FEET EAVES HE IGHT)
llax Spacing Betr,reen Fixrngs in Lrldth of Eaci
lre ep ers (or purlins)
rnee ! at purlin
Each
Zone/Type
EX?OSEI)
Gable End Area General
and Overhangs Roof Area
Zone 1
Post-
Disaster 3'0" 4 HOOK BOLTS
AND WASIIERS
3 HOOK BOLTS
AND'IiASHERS
Zone 1
Normal
ilANDHooK BOLrs 2 HOOK BOLTS
WASHERS AND WASHER.q
Zane 2
Post-
Disas ter 3 HOOK BOLTS 2 IIOOK BOLTS
;- AND WASHERS AND WASHIRS
; Zone 2
. Nor-na i
-r tr-n4 391;5 2 iiOOR Ba L1S
AilD UASHERS AiiiD WASHERS
Zone 3
Ail
inuitaings I I t{00K BOLTS 2 HOCK BOLTS
AND WASHERS AT.ID WASHERS

r.l0TE

1. Roof pitch sha1l be not

less than l0o.
2. Refer details for locations
and assembly of hook bo1ts.
3. Ilashers shall be l'', *,
g, r,, ni" Ji"oia "iu i"."o v j,L,, )
.1

r, lf .r:HF:. o;il:ld srla pe d.

Fit_ fu11 si:ed ::ubber .o^,
",,ash.r r.,nd"i-ih;"#;; i ;;:fl:::e or biLuninous re L,
Sn"ci fi. roof areas rrF, as Lro\dTt
s betoiv._
Gablb end are a _
I tull shepr . _ //
",
i d, h., l*'a/ ,/

ove rhang

ign illanual
 lDesie
!"

/.6
i .1. RC0F CLADlllii6 - CCRIIL C'rLlED r]t-r'VAlilSEt iR0N
'dc0K Rcr,.r i?. 1U.I!,1!,c-i:iqs--( 99!19
Fix eve;-r's'c.et Ic
everli url in c_r -D

. eei aT /.' .

li L ll IllLiL"i i-ill ll LAf

C.r r uga te d
-
I r.-
c'_-,-4 galvanised iron
sheet
, .:,' \
\

Plrr lin or reep eI

I':, ti r- i,Lri i t,-!LllHAUa;

ril \\'*'
,. , '' - ,,r . c.,r
- r', J_.
'€=J.f*""
\J- rlril- ^ ,o r'"
ilh1i{li:l Dii il,ri I L'

I L.rrF,r'..' fl:ldc * : . SDeciaL roo!ing nails

crrrr,: ilr l ror-a I / ,tt hook boLt at ev'rr,v
,' ,:e"pe. o1' p'.rr:lin -
refrr"I:bl'e
rijr ar :l'(.r" r,rrii -- Iioo f shee f-ir1g
..r,ril!1ij !,' i l i
L ".t, L I ": i

11.rI lri'rr,llr Ii l:r 'l

j

i
 F.O,OF CLADDING -
CORRUCATED GALVAIiISED
FIXI}]GS . GALVANISED CORRUGATED
IRON
IRON

SELF SEALING "SPRING

HEAD,' NAIT,S
(Galvani s e d) ffiffi#!_3!!
lEilianis ed.r

@--
1

Nut
At-
< Metal
!.Ja s he r
)- Sealin:
lJrsho._
22" t ') tt * 2L"x 9g
i

Round g
Sharlr Twisted
Sq uare
S h atrk
ll_fl
Hook bo l_ t
(l" DrAM)
it
li

n)
ilcoK B0I_1 Oit I.].{ I L lt,0cATl oN:i

1st 3rd 5rh

Fix at
7rh 9rh side laps

5 Fixings per sheet

1st 3rd 6rh

1i l.l.rqi_r". "nu" r
Let 4ih 3rh

eSrgrr il l-;l'-l
 Winds
Desiglt 0l Buildings For tligh
lRC"i A1,
GALV-cril SED
!rarNG ?!'o!Equ3!
:::ilffi::;ffi;T':NOT EXCNED1NG
2C TEET EAVES i{ETG}iT
AI,

*,"O,*",
::':JA 4-*::;tg:i:;",:,:'e'i*
m3:r'.1?"i:? General Roof
cable Eni tt-:' i "-"A;;;
; c--e / TY? e nYPoSED SHELTERED and Over:hangs
3 Hook bolt s
Zooe L 4 uo.Jii ,c-l-ts i '""'i;;"n"r"
?ost- and ilasher;
Disasaer I Hcok bo 1ts
4 Hook bol ts and washer s
Zc-'ne I 3' and r^'asher s
Normal
3' 3 Tr,ris red
L Tr,r is ted shank naiLs
shank nail s
and vasher s
3 Hook bolls
4 ltook b olts
s and vasher s

Zote 2 and washer

Ilost- ? 1'::r. s ie tl
Dis as t er 4 \::;t: t e4- sila:.ji,.1aa!i
s tiani- n6l !s and I'ashc: i
and 'nashei s
3 liook b olts
4 Hook bo1 r:i and washers
7,er\e ) and washers
Normal 1 'T'",iis Le cl
l' 'ftnis Eed ihank nails
s hank nails
s Round l Round
-"h.rnk nail s shanl. nails

: Round
4 P.ound .. nails
"hank
nqs --- - 26 gauge
zoNE L end 2 ,

r''iniq.,i' -l^ :n','.:":" l ,'l',u ga'rgo ,L:ron', 'n'o"d

{^.;h..rs .'..'-..' ...,t...a' i ri. ,. "iii ;,,i ',
-}----- ,
.l
F,l'i;,,-:i'"; -;"'
-"1"?,i,i'
l'^i,.ll' i"; :;' ;n;
t-
^"
i ^"i1if, oo,,, b. ro", -
't^.:r: ^'j.'-'tl _
\' --'
it.b1i' eI)(l t':a",,-i*

a) .' €r L:Jrxng

x.nual I
 Af.1 DESIGN LOADING TABLES (SECTION 4 _ DESIGN ASSWPTIONS (conria)
AL.1 .9 RooF rrd h"ll .laddinB dnd rilinasi Tablp I

(a) Roof Claddina and lixinas

For the purpose of designing fixings to claddings and Joinrs of
members supporting sma11 ar.eas of roofs (for exanple reeper_to-rafter),
Table 1 is used.
Although in oany sna1l bulldings it may only be practical ro specify
one o! perhaps rwo alternative types or frequencies of firings, the
tables provide for a number of differenr areas of rhe roof rrhere
different levefs of high fluctuaElng negatlve (ourwards) pressures roay
be expe.lenced. Roof areas are divided into interior areas, gabte eod
strips, ridge and hip srrips and eaves srrips,
Pressure coefficients were derived generally fron Table B of B.S, Cp3-
V 2, therrlocal coefficient" values being used for rhe strips adjacenE
to gab1e, ridges and hips and eaves (R2, R3 and R4),
Coefficients for inrernal areas (R1 and R1A) were derernined usins the
E and F coefficients. For: each case the value of 52 applyins to a
Class "A" structural eleDent is used" The values for areas E and r
weie modified in the lighr of A.S. 1170 part 2 and recenr research in
Australia and Canada (refs. 4,5 ) the value of 1,2 aL 10o beins reduced
to -0,9. This al.so had rhe effeat of reduciog rhe vatue at L5o froD
-0.8 ro -0.4r:-
The coefficicnt used in each of the three r.cof slope ranges rss the
highest value in the range in each case and thus rhese values nill be
slightfy conservative in some cases, the extent depending on the value
adopted for internal pressure coefflcient.
To cover the case of wind fron the end it has bee[ necessary to desig-
nate the parr of the "internali' area .irilhin a dislance ,,H,, ;f sable end
as a special zone (R1A) " The renainder of the inrerior is designated Rl
The building height-to-widrh rario was raken as less than or equat !o
0.5- Although this may result in understarement of structure loacls
for higher buildings at higher roof pitch, ir is unlikely to affecE
design loads in the nore critical edge strips.
The external pressure coefficients selecred for roof cladding are as
folloirs I
Location cpe

Roof Pitch (Iess thau 15o)

Interior Areas (nea r gable) -0.90
Other Interior Areas -0.90
cable [nd s rrip -2,00
Ridge and Hip Strips -r.24
Eaves Strlp

I Desien Manua! r;;;1

[o".is" cf Brit;i"g. E tlish wi"d. i
Sri Lanka

\l . t Ll lt-l r a:lr' L0.i! lN'G rrlrll iir. l'rti{r'froN l-1,_!tl.l9li ISSUMIII0\r! (c.rrr.i)
berr'..D iire :1:rslxred i.Lrrr1.tl lf.rsEure r'rlue;:rrd tlrr crlr'r al !'ositj!re
prtssLt] r: actuail-v c;P.fi encea.

Siniiarly, i. the .a.,e o!' n i,uil.iirlg w:ith :r larg.r op.ning, (for

;:r:anpie, a slied uith all open EideJ ih.r iiiern:rl positlvc pfess!r.l
v:rlor:s wil l crceed those fl lowed ln the t:rble. Tn this c.rsc Lhe
in.r.enrnt:ri t.esrore should be added boih to rLplift pressures on the
roof and out'ard prcssrLri:s on the sid. aDd re:rf valls of the blriLdlng
(assLrning LhL' op.ning is at tlrc fronr).

1 -7-7 . s.r,re Coeff-Lcients

ll+,r:r ('hi,rr. C't iamilirr wilh wind codes often overlook the Dee.l to
.h.Lrh lor. iitDd bloving or Lo lhe end of the hu:ildlngs. The lo.rding
tairLe.r.rr. strdctured so that thls case i5 jnc111ded fof each range oI
rool s ire
lo s .ronsidercd.

Th. Cl'l r!1,,.! f.r cocfficicnts tr'ere used in gable .xrd arcas, bnt the
dlstance thcse cxlcnd iolo ttr. srructure has been tak€rn as cquaf Lo
rlre l1 valtLe- ihe reLationship of the fa11-off iD cxtcrnal pressore
coefficicrt!r to the vah',: of tl has been .lcarlv estnbl:ishcd by Vichely
(r.rt. I ) and a .,teffed rcduct:ion related to ll ls included in AS 1L70
i,r.r 2. Table 1i2.1 of AS]L70 lisls Lhe f311-otl as follous:
;i.iL-,rrr..r 1'"' - i'r.r='s ,), ':riP r) lll lil:;i ir!-:lit
iit) (,

li rlt'r a.';,c .r3lucr wiLl! r-Li1.l iror !!e end "-re 3ssured t. fe11 ofi :r
thiF r.rl., thcy wilL he less thaD those lor vind frori thL- front of tt].
liuildins in .very cas! Llr-cer!- 'her:e rcof sloPe is greater than 2Oo.
In th-Ls .ase rhe (lpe valuc Ior !rind Irom the front is -t].4, riher:eas 6.
ASIITO prcdicls 0,5 fot wiDd or a 1o$ flrr btLildinB ar a clistance
H troni rh,r gable. lt ill nost unlikcly lhal Lhis (olr1d havc any s
f r.nct Lcal |;ignilicancc. d
1e
Tti! v,rriaiion in pressrrro di:itribrrtion over the roof wi-lI result in
dilteIing londings on mcmber.r supporting different arfas ot roof.
'Ihe lDadins aablc'r havc bccn seL uP to 3l1o\t for lhc .lternling 'ii"rq
thar oc.uf riith ltrnrb.rs sL,tpor ti.g larger areas of roof, ald fu1] sial
n.nb.r:r. Sli..rili. profisions r:clatiDg lo cach ol' the tabLet foll.!-
,\I-7.ll ski 11 ion oI l l.1t ltools
Irr:sirir Ires:idrf: I'or ii(ilfi.. or alat roofs (rr:iDu(l "n.nol)iLch" r()'ls
in il.S. (ll'l llhapLrr \i, l'ert 2) .re i{rund br_ trentinN LLrc brrildiri6 J.
:.rrnr.l r.l)1. rooF ior lhe p,rrrroses of uiirlg eich of the taLrle:,.
ll.,!er.r., !hcr) rrsinc lrblr L thc Lidgi sLrif Lll is neillecL.rd a'r thcrc' !8
i!; r..lilr.ontirLrity rlorr'j 11,,r,r.ni:r!: oF rl,c huilding 1. this crse.
i\i:r!! LsiLrlj lrl,Lt S (lirn,,.r l.Lr:,!r), LL. f i:rL ro,,l'i5.(,rr.ld,rrtrd aJ
,.(,n,ji:rLin! oL' lr'. r,rt:t:L(rr:r ll ana (1,.r!ch.j: half rlr'(ri(lLlr nnd Pl.
:,,,l.Ir,.rirr,t tirI , r r :r ; r r ': sr.n'. iL) Lhtr r.i' lcs
r , , , r '

ir*ii,rr-m'",rJl i'..
 ir,,rlr:r 0t
Sri Lanka
Ill
' 'r J 'cL\ .s _It lj .\S
.' , ,'
' ,|: |-9r,4:. fqb!,:-Z
r .,t, t, r - ,r,L
I Lo scte.rr ,,r

; ;'-. ," : :.,i." ;*":"lil. :l m"nLers sp*ai s ,"p ,,1

",,, ,
,, , ;,, ; ,,_i.",,;,j] ,l:J".':
I : r" ;,:;"";.i1,:;, .
;;.'i;'""'"0"1:"";,,;lljfll;,1;::;":: ;',j;:"'"".
I , ,/ rL rFnrbers or
i
, , , .
rnembcrs wt,i
! , n* *.,",,",-ii,::li.l,ii l:: :f;1":* ,., .'idrh of the
i J' ! J, ii,n f or
, ,l]]r lI icnnr ilil:.:l::T:fi::; il.."?i:,i"li.ir ;:":;.:i.:;J|.;:.;:.
1./1,.|,., lh(, wi,rd
fi: :;:''illi:"i^or^a bu'dine rhe whore rensrh or
::i,:,;ii .:;
not appry l:","5,1::Ti;,.,i;,if;J":.1::j..i:"e:1,i.";"",
to me'bers o'i"i.i,l.""l;
a

"r.,,r""" .r;io.r:r"":0.
:,; ;:t;';,,,:"i,1';::;iff xi:; i:.,"* usiDa thc vafues for internat
arcas

;*;{i5i:'*=tt -.+,*-,'r,.lffi-T#"
of Lhic r.1blc rt,e treishL
lo-toinr
;;i; ji.t,:',;'" :.;-';. ;.;t,ii:""
:. cf3 ch.v_pr
u.s. 3;,i,1i,i.r.,i,:
r,;;r;';';:J"::,""':$,r;lir::.".
coelticienrs setccre.l for
hlp roor srrucrurcs

-0.65
0.9

-0 .525
0.65

-O .!t
!,r jikilti(-rn I ooI Lr I LLTTL: rlr. r ,,,t
ii,toriof rr.e.r:i, rt r I rr,ai
1r:,r is d r:v ide.l iur., cn.J
Lxrentrr, , d is tance .:q!at ro

l', i. 1r r!,r ,(,lr,,rLeLt

',...,,rrr
r,LL._ r",r.",,1'L
i
for rtrc trabte of .,killi.,n
"..
 Desig
AI.7
,\l.7
cpe

Roof pirch (15o -20")

Interior: Ar:eas (near gable) -0. 90
Olher Interior Areas -0.65
cable nnd S triP -2.04
Ridge and HiPS Strips -1^ 2A
Eaves StriP -1 -24

Roof Pilchi (greater chan 20o)

Int erior Areas (near gable) -0.90
_0.40
Ocher Tnterior Areas
Gable End Slrips -2.00
R-idge and HiP SLriPs -1.20
Eaves StriP -t-24
Tte edge strlPs of high local pressur.e are defined in the Tables as
having a width S, which is the lesser of O.lW or O"4H and as a miniDun
of 3 !eet.
'nris dinension arrived at after review of a number of cor:rent reier-
ences (refs . 4 , 6, 7, B, 9. )
An efforE was iade Lo redlr.e the slrip tiidth to mininise fixing
r"q"i..*""ts, however, no resulrs cotld be found to substantiate any
fur:t'ner reducliorl 1n width,
(b) wa1l Ctaddins
A-s well as roof cladding, Table l makes provision for walL claddings '
(l,/l and
r:".i" r"Ur", i,alls are divided into internal and corner: areas
wil . v"'yl"g vind directions, a building heighL-loi'idth ratio less
;l';" .. ";."i to 0,5, and a building plan ratio gr:eater than-one
fron
and
i"r. .ft"" f.". were considered. The values of Cpe seLected Table
;-;;'; .h"'"" ro sive the larsest pressure coefficient \'/hen added
vectoriafLy wilh ;n irternal pr:essure coefficienl deLermined as set
our in Se"Lior A1.7.5.
The external pressure coefficients selected for ita1l cladding
ar:e 6s

lPe
l
I toternal Areas (\'11) -0,6
corner: Ateas (l'J2 ) -1.0

As r,iith roof claddinB, the values of S2 selected r,rere lhose aPPlying

r . '. /c. '.\'' - r, L,r, a l .l' oer 's
The 1oca1 pressure areas on the colners of rhe \ra11s have been Pre
s.ribed a uidtlr equal lo 0 25w This is in accordance with B.S. CP3

Design l!!a nu a I
 Lanka

DESIGN LOADING T4:BLES (SECTION

4) - DESTcN AssLtrpTroNS
Jhe loading arr.angeneni on some franes was sinplified for
ease of analysj

::;:;.::,'fu: ::::"":. i:;':"':;: :l_:",.,::1"1" :nd a sr3| load on rhe

rd,r,, orrect io"r. rhe s4a[| lord
L,a- added
Converselv if rhe colunn
:::jl J:ll":.;":j1 ::;:
",",,r,,,.,:;;;:,;t j,,:,:;:;;
toads
*.
",.,i;:,,,;:.
t "cra, t
rodd .rq regdrd"d
as lcZ or less of
a ',targe', toad.
Compurer anatysis of
several rv
ins case u^, ,, ,r." ,r"o,i'.i"n l;:i::] 'asp
i1*,"". 'oDpar'nB che d.,ua,
sinirrlofurr p,...i,i';;.;;:::' shoked ,asur's which uFrpLoad_

The exr ernat pressure

are presented belo\d. coe€ficie nts for the three crtrical 1oad cases

IIEI+L f!I!-qql!_!!rr-qll9!r[s-_!!e")
llrJll.lilNr; I nOOt.
I,OAD I]\SIJ

7+xv
, r11(r , |
11
+Lr 25 u.7+ +, .;l n,{"}0.,
".',1,^un,,o

l)ti 0.65*\o
;:f}*.,.,,
l^r I
t5t' :ot' c 0.8
n. t -{r -lr r, n.r
xxos
n.
f f+0.s

0.
o 4''f'u ,, o.i

lr&\t.0
n., -[.-],,,., n rf '']+n
'{")'n , o n

0. 1l
ll )r t(1,{ 1r -.i I rr<){ r.l
,,.'J" Jr,, , ,,+ +,, o

"-{,taN
' Jr', ,
{'),
sign lllanual
 ot suil,il"gs For lligh winds
o"rig-n
, 10 St-ru.ture Loads : Table 2 ('ontrd)
q194 5 "'
1e9:,-!-l-"re-!9r'-
- Irl]i span i:eF'ber's ir' inter'ior ar:eas
lhan -0.65
(r,rhere x not less 2ti)
-0 -9
- All othei cases
to 20o
-0.8
- F...1 areas (al1 cases)
' rLLl . prn neflrl-F-s :n :are' ior rreas -0 .525
(shere I. no. less than 2H) -0.65
- A11 other gases

-0 -8
-0.4

ld.il Structure Loads' TAble 3

7.11
ro be used in desiSn of wal1 structur:e
r'^ble 3 Fives pr:essures on wal1s
il-i.r" i".t. .'' eirts, sluds or all colunns'
,hece1.s L er Jr :'-: :::9 ::.:;l:::'l:,::';::" i:::",:i:l::":: ::?"'
?:llf i" "i^lj:':l:,:'i::.:':1."::i".]"'i"i 4' the Pressures
""**
i'."ilri- " . . :-.-l -:''' "'eo u rre'":r
"0re
neighL rsEio l_ess rhdn or,equalthanLo
!arr-c^ ^,nd d,racl onc. d bii 'ir'15 orre and less
,ne oLr r\Jo' J IrLirdn; 'n'n
four were considered ' "''""";':';;;-e|:"""|:
suID or Coe ialJes
us-;np LF- la'gesL ve'loLi'l
:n1e 1'ah!es given are fota.d rne Cpi values lj<tFd in AppendLr
from Table 7 of B'S' ..1-,j-r."0 *". found io be nost
Al .7'5, A value of CpL-='-O.i 'litical'

1.1 .12 Table 4

ThreeloadingcaseSarepresented,coveringthefollowingcases.
cjdF, inte nal PrFssure
Loading Case I: \.lino lron side, inLernrL su' tjon
Loadi g Case 2: LJind r-Lom
inter:nal Pressure
l,oadlng Case l: \'iind fron end,
TnternaL Pressures are der:ived as
set out in ApPendix A1'7'5'
loc ations €xcer:na1 Ptessure
for v'r/i,- \ ird cjre l Lons aad oprnine 7 an.i 8 of B.S' CP3-V-2 and
,; u rp s"r' 'Prrlon'-br's pressure coef f icients'
';.;":'
.i,,,,l.,;".o, 1I '1 \L c:rr''ndl
and internal_ pressure coef ficienls
The resrltant conbi'r'rtioo of erternal pressur'e have been defined as
;il:"';il;;;;"J r'tre relevi'!
dviranic
Loading cases ' "v
as EreaLer than one and less
lhe buil.ling Plar r:atio rias taken ' ,Ld
oFll L i''r '" l: " l'l:, ,l'^
Ior each l-oa'1 ctrse Pressure ,r'!""' r"'ldrnesr'.ru
,"1 ,'.i;'
-... lo !-d or
rP rhan
id
2U)

bLLi11LL," 1!l .jr rEer '

LtrJn hor nl
rl,rc. i I ilr ruof fLtLn i.". 'r

b,.rjIdjnge.
0esign Manual
'l
T4
Design Gf Buildings
ror XigS-Flno.T
I Sri t_ank

$eclion 4r Wind Ioad lailes

R EPI.A CEM EII T sEI flnETilc uiltIsJ

---l----l
 Ot euiHlnCs Fo4Eh fYrnq
O"tign-n
, LiI,SIGN ASSU}IYIIONS (cont 'd)
DESIGN LOADING TABLES SECTIO! 4
.\1. /

nr.z.r3 r!qri,o.t.r Gicsuv :!3lg]!e--Rlrglj -!'blg:

for Ehe Flpical Sri Lanka school,
This Table rnas inctuded io providecase is that of lateral force on tne
buiLdins, where the najor design
roof structure as a vhole'
The Drocedures given in Table 13
of B'S' CP3' ChaPter V' Part 2t"""'a11ow
Iv to-deriv' t:i":.''l
Fn. oeak er reccs and ii sumned "rg"t''i'"r tor roor sLo/e" in exccss o'
;:;"":'1.:i.;"i;", ;"-"'i '""""'i'ir"'
I5
itiielf maY be soEewhat
a1ler:native apProach !r'hich in srea
Table 5 uses an the roof and
This takes the ne!l Projecled Cp of = I.2- This Pressure
equivalent to
applies to this a tolla1 Plessure area of colunns ' etc.
should also be applied to the surface
frafling are
vertical pressures for use-in design ol roof2' cladding and
i.."i-t" '.n. nor:ma1 wav using Tables I
and NE
ot
norLuonral lorces on ':'ctaDgular
Tdble 5 mav also be usPd Lo finr'
.fr].....".f' ss signs' ParapPt walls' Pr'' SL
ln
ln
G;

Ei

SI
lr
lr
G
R
E

I
o1

Negative presselr-s ( Upwards or j

0utwards
0n Roof And hJ4! Cladding & Fixings
For instructions an how to use
Table /. refer page 4 25
PF ESSU FE ACTING
ON SUB FACE AHEA OF WALL
OR RCOF CLADD ING (K ILONEWTONS
NEGATIVE lSUCTION) PRESSURES PER SO. INETRE
EXPOSEDLOCATIOI.]
ON ROO F CLADDING SHELTE BEI] LOCATIO N
H=3m H=5m H = 10rn H=3m H=5m l"i
(Mar) iMar) (Max) (lVlax) (Max)
= l0n
(taax )
SLOP[ LESS TI]AN 15(l
rlernai Areas (Ri)
lrl:.ni.l l! i:"- lBtA)
13fJ 1.55 2.00 0 0.93 1.22 82
L18 , 55 2aa i a.e8 82
Galr e En.j i.22
F i.l.lr & l-riD:
lF.2i
(R3)
2.39
166
z6S 3.4 t- 1io 1.42
Favc\ lR4i
136 2 11o I t8 146 0.99
2.5I 3.41 I70 2.11 1.42
SL0PE 150 200
(Rl) 1.15 1.29 1.61 0.69 o.82 1.O2
(R 1A)
1.s5 2.00 0.82 0.98
Gable En,l 1.22
1F2) 2.39 2.69 3.41
Fldq. & ll ips (F3)
1.42 1.lo 2.11
1.66 r86 2.40 0.99 1.rB 1,46
Eaves R,1)
I r.86 2.40 0.99 i. 18 146
sL0PE 200 400
(F 1) 0.92 1.A4 1.34 055 0.66
(R]A) o.82
138 I 55 2.00 0.82
Gabh Ind 0.98 1.22
lR2) 239 2.69 341 1.42
Rdlr & llifs 1.70 2.11
{R3) 166 1.80 2.40
Favcs (R4
099 1.1B 1.46
)
1.U6 240 0.99 1 18 146
NEGAI'Vt (Si-ICTION) PRFSSUR ES
I4i ALI CI ADDINT]
(TN

(i/v I ) 111 1.?4 160 0.66 079 0.98

{'t'\l2l t4l 1.66 2.14 0.88 t.0s 130
OPEN EAVES OB V E RANDAI]S
OF t]UILt]JNGS WITI{ L AR GI
OPF N IN GS
I' r,,, Fll. l,lA B Rl nt
\[i U rr r]. ,,\ 0{l 01 o.t4 {t 06 0.07 0.09

!i
lDcr!gn
i:i-]
h{.11r 11.1
 Iia)Cir Siii raiU R F::
L
're .rr, ..
-l-_.,,
o .:,
i:nrl ,\r?:;5";triir ' intrii.: Ar::!.
ilrr.aieij aa raiti .ta:r. . rtri) a rfd irll,ji |e tieateil
,1]ri :elnrc :3j c: i!a actiiji io.t ji.r.,r, as a fiat
to aiicw for,,";jnj'
ir.nr! Jn tlre !nLle L.ni For ihis r0.-loi: ra!af3te valLtes
rtut ri,rirf Ia. ie::i!r.. Di.j.!r..s;f ,,Efj ,.tf?.s.3n.1
. . ,o..,, .., ,.rr;.
"l lSpan i!-lcrlr.fs" (W G.eater then 2H)
Lr
"
ire wide if fetati,rn i.r e;ves he1-.1,
',t/l)efe SLriidifgs
a memb€r sp;nn;ng full widih r./ilt supporr
sorne
,./ .t n... r.6\. I . .t. t t,,ov,oo5
" I,i t l.. (,i l ,- . ',- Jo. r1r L. o. lt d _o.rue,
,, , , ,-,.r I. m, I ,... , n,:, . . Le .re.r1. I I.

,,t..,..

I
l"
I
) | il
t {r d.rl :n mtd s!n.
Lro noi t?:r rs,fur sD3. ,

ai,(a"1ds Pi,"$!j.. j S .h

IVAL L LOADS:
\ryinrlprr:isu(,s c.n act on I)olh in tcricr irn.l
cxterio. sLrriaces ol y/dlls. fnb e 4 allo\vs for
o!Lr'.ni or i L\,ar(i ir irssL,,rcs on whirh the hroh
occur \,.rhcri troth e'terior an.l rnieriur pressures
i[iif(t i,r tiie iimc (ljrcctiijn. '-1,alis aro

laJall Loads ( lnwards and 0utwards

)
;.)/ it):tl t li.ti o s t)t ) hnn to u\r Taltlp t prqe |
l
rete, 2.1
PI]ESSUNF ACIIAlG ON St]RFACF AI]FA
.]F\'VA I. L iKILONE\I'IoI\S PER So.
I\lETRE)
'0, I ., (, .- 5.,,
il.'1ar ) v I v,. .\4,' \n,. v,,,
tO.n
fll ti,tI/','F ii ril..ir,itLr:i) |n
ril i 1, r i'i;tr,:rl
ilr', rlFr,r. g]^tji aj .!:18 i]l 't 4l u5E rl {ifi

De cl/,,r ir, :,... , r l

il,ittrffiq{$ il$ililT.5
 Roof Framing ffienxbers
Fo. instructions on how to use Table 2, refer Page 4 - 27
PRESSURE ACTING ON SURFACE AREA SUPPOBTED
8Y I\,4EI\,1BER iKILONEWTONS PER SO, METRE)

IVE (SUCTION) PR€SSURES EXPCSEDLOCATION

N EGAT
SHELTERED LOCATION
ON ROOF OF: H=3m H=5m H=10m H=3m H=5m H=10m
(Max) (Max) (Max) (tu1ax) (Max) (Max)

HIP ROOF STRUCTU RES

SLOPE LESS THAN 150
1.15 .51 0.60 o.71 o.92
F ull span mcmbers (W>2H) 1.O2 1

A!lother cases 1.22 1.38 1.81 oi2 0.85 1.10

sLoPE 150 200

0.92 1.04 1.36 0.54 0.64 0.83
Fullspan members (W>2 H) NE
1.15 I .5',l 0.60 o71 o.92
ON

sLoPE 20() - 400

0.82 o.92 121 048 0.57 0.73 SL1
lnt
CAgL= CR SKiLLiCtl FGCF 3TA'JC!iiRES r.i
SLCPE LESS Ti-iAi.i i5c

1.15 .51 0.60 a..11 0.92

tull span membcrs (W>2H) 1 Ea\

.ll other cases 1.22 1.38 1 .81 o.i2 0.85 1.10 SL

End Areas: lnt
1.22 1.38 .81 o.12 085 1.10 lnt
ali cases
1

Ga
Ri(
sLoPE 150 200
Ea,
0.92 1.36 0.54 0.64 0.83
fuilspan members (W'2H )
1.O4
SL
1.42 1.15 1 .51 0.60 o.71 0.92 ln1
1nl
End Areas:
1.14 .29 169 068 0.79 1.03 Ga
- a I cases 1

Rir
Ea
sL.o PE 20.r 400

. 0.82 0.92 1.21 0.48 0.57 a.t3 NE

allcases
Fnd Areas:
ot
1 14 1.29 1.69 0.68 0.79 1.03 lnr
Co

OPEN EAVES OR VERANDAIIS

OF
O'I WITH LARG E
BU ILD INGS
OI
OPENINGS OF
lnr
n.rea5c above vn Lies bY: 009 0 t0 0.13 0.05 0.06 008

Fe m4mrffias [jru$Ts tr
BTED

TION
= 10m
Max)

.10
For instructions on how to use Table l,
refer page
PRESSURE ACTiNG ON SUBFACE
B3 AR EA OF WALL
OF ROOF CLADD ING (K ILONEWTONS PER
92 NEGAT IVE (SUCTION) PRESSUF ES SO. METRi
EXPOSED LOCATION
ON ROOF CLADDING SHELTERED LOCATION
H=3m H=5m g=16. H=3m H-5m H = 10r
(l\4axl (Max) (Max) (J\,4ax ) (Max (Max)
)
SLOPE LESS THAN ] 50
nternal Areas (B 1) O.BB 0.98 1.27 0.52
ln!e,-nii Ar...as {fr tA) 0.62 O.1 t
Gable EnC (R2) ".2:
F dge & Hips iB3)
1.00 1.19 1.4e
e2 i.23 0.65
taves {R4)
0.73
1.61 188 l.CC t.1s 1.44
.10
SL0PE 150 200
(R 1) 0.69
.10 0.78 101 o.41 0.49
(R 1A) o.61
O.BB 0.98
Cable End (R2) 1.67
1.21 o.52 0.62 0./i
1- BB 2.43 1.00 1.r9 1.48
Fidge & Hips {R3) 1.09 1.23 1.58 0.65 0.7a 0 9i
Eaves (R4) 1.09 1.23 1.58 0.65 o.ta 091
sL0PE 200-4oo
(R 1) 0 51 0.58 o.74 0.31 0.37
(R 1A) 0.45
0.88 0.98 1.21 o.52
Gable End (R2 )
o.62 o.11
1.67
Ridge & Hips (R 3)
1.BB 2.43 1.00 I 19 148
1.09 1.23
Eaves (84)
1.sB 0.65 078 o9/
109 1.23 158 0.65 o7n 097
NEGATIVE (SUCTION) PRESSUR ES
ON WALL CLADDING
lnie rnal Areas (W1) 0.66 o.14 0.95 0.39
Corner Areas tw2t
0.47 0sB
09s 1.O7 1.37 0.57 0.68 1.a4
OPEN EAVES OR VERANDAHS
OB BU ILDINGS WITH LABGE
OPENINGS
.crers/ Ft, RlA. B2 RJ Fl4
lll l!l vairrcs hy 0.30 033 043 0.rB a 21

Design Manual
ffigTffit* utdtiTs
 Pressures given in the tables apply to a building witli eaves height ll - 5 nrctres. For diJferenl valLjes of
H, each pressure given in the tables is to be multiplied by a factor Kh, as followsi
Hrn
llirol
.|l)1.:'

i)c (lnil
lllr qv
" lntcr
''Full i

Panel Loads 0n Portal Frames

For instructions on how to use Table 5, refer Page 4 30

PsISSURF ACI I\G ON SURFACTS A, B, C AND q
SUPPORTTD BY I BAMt (\ILONEWTONS Ptq mz)
EXPOSE D LOCATION SHELTEBED LOCATION
l)
WIDE BUILDINGS
a
(W = 2H OR GBEATER)
t I
sLOPE 00-150 I

iordino Case i \r l. l3 u.92 c.e7 c c.86 0.51 t).44

-oa.ling Case 2 c.92 C.55 0.09 0 a.5i 4.34 0.06 0
Loaoing Case 3 r.01 i.2s 1.29 1.01 0.63 0.80 080 063
SLOPE 15(} 200
Loacjing Case 1 0 1.15 0.92 0.87 0 0.71 0 57 0.54
Loading Case 2 0.92 0.32 0.09 0 0.57 0.20 0.06 0
Loading Case 3 1.01 1.29 1.29 1.01 063 080 080 063

s LoPE 20()-40(]
Loadinq Case 1 0 0.92 0.92 0.87 0 0.s7 0.57 0.54
Loadinq Case 2 o.92 0.09 0.09 0 0.57 0.06 0.06 0
Loadin0 Case 3 1 .01 1 01 0 63 0 80 0.80 0.63

NARROW BU ILDI NGS

(W LESS THAN 2I.I)
SLoPE oo 150
Loading Case 1 0 1.38 1.10 0.92 0 0.86 0.68 0.57
Loading Case 2 o.s2 0.55 0.28 0 0.57 0.34 0.17 0
Loading Case 3 1.10 1.41 1.41 1 10 0 68 0.91 0.91 0.68

sLoPF t50 20lJ

Loading Case 1 o 129 1.06 o.92 0 0.80 0.66 0 57
LlraLJ inq Casc 2 0 92 4.46 4.23 0 o.s7 0.29 0.14 0
Loa.Jinq Case 3 1 10 1.47 1.41 'i.10 o6a o91 csl 068

sL oPE 200 40(r

Loading Case 1 o 1.20 101 0.92 0 0 /4 0.63 0 57
ltl
L1)adif(j Cir5. 2 092 0 37 0.rB 0 057 0.23 0.r 1 0
r

Lon.l n.l Case 3 I10 141 141 r 10 o68 091 031 (J till t't
f lri
r1

Design [Hanua! ffiHTms* uil{lTs l[)

 Sl il UCTUR rs,
, o,..,\. ,-s ro nr
d,,rr,,.d 14 i, , oi, J ur
,1 l, . ., ' 1..-:
,'d "'"
L, " .i.u, rLr. ilipil'n,, *.a.,,..:q,,r.r"
,,' .
''' ,, n5n nr lh. ..onnn . ....archor;nrrt
lu,lrcs.11,.,r,"
'I r(J n reas" and ,,lnterior
Areas,,
', ' 'o''an'.a-. d.t.' p-LJ-r\l h"r.",!.dd." jr.r
, , ,,, dr.., 1,t r,.pdcru,,roo..,or," ,,o,ton,o",uni
. l n'1.'r rlr- odbtn Fnd rl r', s r",ioi s.oar,rrp
r" r'r'nn tor decjjr Lr. ss!.p\ ,n I ad 4,ndc v.r,,"s
r r,,o Ar"d,,nf qdbtpor,rritr,,.,oot ond
I. rLr,ro\.
''Full Span [,1embers,,iW Greatcr
than 2Hi
1 'r 'r I u:ldrro\ dr vr.rp . ,-td
io.r ru,
".pq h, ,
,
' | .n\"' I,r'rn;n1 'u,t {rt,t, wt,
"LJjpoitsojne
upw,id Drp.\,r-\. , 2 p,ov,,,e,
j":i.'" I rr' ssLr.s ,or r,i., "b,"
_" ri ,.n,nh^, rr
l,-l: r rn -id\n-,r, n,..i ,r Je nctcr
D 1.r,.":,r,.
\ r r|/ sD.n nr..,t,.r"
loN

I
,]
l"
t.54
0 l

0.63 .-l
-L, T crl.r.1.
'. i ,r!
Oo nor re.I35
n s.ii
so,r
54
o
63

54
0
63
{) rf,]a. I'iP*!re .i s dr

!!ALt- LOADS:
l!inrlpressrrres can act on both
inn Ur rr lF. tFrjor ! f.,.e\ of
iut,/,idr,lnr nw rirt nrpr., F{ un \veil\ wdlls T.rhtr 4 dl/ows fur tIr. J,iotr
57 !.,1,r.1, oLcr, wh"n borh
rr nrt ifi tlr. \ir ! drc. r,.,, erterror,tnd rntrr jor nresslres.,"
0
6B
i : Wall Loads ( hwards and 0utwards
)
51
I Dt it\tr|t:t nr! , t lt,tu, r. rr,r: 1i!)te
0 4. rpler Fai!. .j ),)
f'rll :SLiftE ACItuc Or,J SL.lilFl\,CI A
Ir rA
I'vAt.I 1t<ttoNavJIO[]5 t f Ft :o Mi_ tRF)
ij . :lrir
J ll'arr)
0 t E.l,\ 1t\rE (frIII \,11Aitll:tI ofl
B t
'-rS
I ,,t: r i, !iir.tlil:ii
flll :,i iri I )lj r.rl t I :l (;i -t!
'l i 0.9'j 0 (r. I I 0 5:)

iilFfisa Ft[Tfigfr [ilF{fi[5

/rr,l
 R**f Framing ffiembers
i-naii" - 27
r"nt" z' refer Pase 4

o"'l?u^,?r',,ft?'JTooi|-""F'i*','#Tl":n,:???l'"
SHELTE RED LOCAT iON
EXPOSED LOCATION
:GATtVE {SIJCTlON) PRESSURES
i Roor oF: n =.. t,= 5m
in,,tu*t (l'tax)
H =
(N4ax)
10m i.;1T
(Max) l;"t"T
([.Iaxi l;,11"
(['4ax)

P ROOF STRLJCTU RES

0.43 0.55
OPE LESS THAN 15l) 0.61 0.69 0.9'1 0.36
0.54 0.70
rll span members (W>2li) o.11 OBB 1.',]5 0.46
I other cases

o.32 0.37 0.48

-oPE 15i) - 20lr (w>2 H) 0.53 0.60 0.79
0.43 0.55
Jllspan members o.g1 0.36
0.61 0.69
ll olher cases NE
ol
0.41
LOPE 200 400
0.45 0.51 0.67 o27 o-32
1l cases
si-
ln
ASLE a- sK i L''i'll Roo' STFt]CTURiS
ln
LCPE :ESS T IAN 150 Gi
0.69 0.91
0.43 C.55
c.61 tti
JL,lr.r,nn rnrmh"r( ift ' 2H)
Ei
1.15 0.1-6
o.1l 0.88
0.54 0 70 SI
:nd Areasl 1.15 0.46
o.1t O.BB ln
ln
G
;LOPE 150 20o n
0.60 0.79 0.32 0.37 0.48
0.53 E;
full span irembers lW>2H)
0.69 0.91 0.36 0.43 0
?5
S
0.6'1
0.49 0.64 lr
n.l Arees: 1.05 o.42
F o11 0.80
G
R
s LOPE 2Co 400
0.41 F
0.67 o.?1 o?2
0.45 0.51
0.64 N
o.42 0.49
Enci Arcas: 080 1.05 c
0.1"'

(i
OPtr! Ei\YiS afl VERANDAI-{S
OR BU iLD II\G S W IT H LARGE (
(
OPE[JINGS 0.21
0.39 c.1ti c 1B (
020 010
lr.re.rse iiLiilJe ra 1r's bY:

'-''--\
'#'-

itttsi:?x *{;flrta1 i
 Negative Pre;sures ( Upwards or
0utwards )
0n Rocf And Wall Cladding & Fixings
For instructions on how ta use fab/e
/, reter page 4 ,- 25
AC iII\JC O\ SURTACi
A NF WAI L
nout cLADDtNG {KlLoi\Ewto\lsARL
oP-PFLSSLi-; ptB so. \,4f IFLl
NEGATIV E (SUCTION) PR ESSURFS
ON ROOF CLADDII\IG
T \POSI:L, t !r-^ r,O\ SHL L FL D t nCA t TO\
H-3m H=5rn H=lOm H=3m H-Sm H=10m
{[,4ax ) (ftaax) (Max (Max)
) (fiaax) (vax)
SLOPE LESS I HAN 15t)
lntern.l Ar.".s (ff 1 ) 4.52 0.59 0.76
lnleri_:laie:s it\
0.31 o.3l 046
'l !l r]59
1B )
it 75 I31 0.37 u46
Gab e [nd iR2) r04 I 5l c.52 o.7 4
Fi/lqe & Hips (R3) 0.92
066 tr.96 0.40 0.47
Erves lR4) 1.C4 1.1
0.59
1 1.51 0.62 o.71 o.92
SLCPE 150 2OO
(B 1) 0.41 0.45 0.s9 0.24 0.29 o.36
fitrA) 4.52 0.59 0.76 0.3i
Gable Enrl o.37 0.46
lR2t 1.04 1.11 .51
F dqe & llips (R3)
1 0.62 o.7 4 o92
0.66 o.l5 0.96 4.40 o4J 0.59
Iavcs {R4 066
)
0.75 0.96 0.40 o4l 059
sLOPE 20() 40.)
(f]]) 0.29 0.32 042 0.17 0.2 l 0.25
{R1A) o.L2 0.59 /6
0. 0.31 037 0.4 6
Gab e End ltl2l L04 1.11 .51 0.c2
n,d(tr. & tlips
1
Q.14 o.92
1R3) 066 0.75 0s6 040 0.47
(fi:l) 0.59
066 o l5 096 0 40 o4l 0.59
NEGATIVF {SUCT'ON} PBESSUFFS
ON WAI L C I.AI]D ING

lwt I 0.38 043 0 55 o.23 0.21 0.34

(t'v2 ) 05/ rJ.64 0 83 0.34 0 41 0.50
+F'.rFl F+VLq eR V| R-A|J'AHS
0Il lltlllDrlllr-lc IJ,;i{ | ARGt'
{JPENIN(;S
rl r,;r'j, fl I . il 1,\. ) fti:t !r j
0 ri 0 t4 t) t/ o?1

u"stlrF i) lrr lr I
,n#f1rm{i: {tFdtTs r--l
 ral'Jcs ci
I
= t-, "'.'-'.
Fo., dilferrlni
bxilnin! \'rith rd,esieiS'i'
/r" di ro 'w-
tables
io r\ d {r"l-
lable5 is
ca p.essure glven . '13
c:

Portai i;a;*es
Fanel Loads On

,* ;;Ae ":: ::::! i!,

^;'*t;;;'"'
,;;.:;, i ^ - r, ):.9^).',Yilif;
^
Fil+"R.,''tll9
i3;Eti6
3[ 33H? E B{''
F

LOCATlON
i f; f''}".""1
SHE LTE RED
LCCA IiON :'j.T^: :
i EXPOSED
-n -e c- D

EBBUILLDINIi
,E NGS S
AT ER)
2l R.
=2HOR REA
GRT
GR EA
..1 ,- !
I i'i
?'-- Qo 5" .'t o !D i).1;,
0.45
ii, cor rr n

r:rrrirrq C.rse
C. i .r. n 1l c lll 0
o36 O 5'l !.:.'l "
;'ast:22 453 cgo 1:l 30 0.59

oaLlinrl C.rse
C 3
t!l :.,.:j
0PE 5{l
'24
JPT 15'l 20(r
C:,se 1
.radinltt (Case :2
02e
0.73
o58
c.es
0.20
0.80
0.51
0.07
0 B0
0.40
0
o5a ffi ili lii :{
se33
oa(lingI (Case
"j:
if: Hi :i
lo4 4 0'r
20,r 0') 0.51 0.5l 040
OP 2U
.OPE 0.29

ng
r'!l!l Casc
,r5€ 2
C:5€
,g C;]5€
1 0.13
O.5IJ
0.07
cR0
0
0.80
{17 o
0.53 [t3
LL)alling
L
I ro Cas€ 3

I RRO\1 BU ILDINGS
A
w rrss rH Pttt zHt 054 0.4I c 27
0.18
n7l n14 u
;LOPE oo l50

Lo.tiin'J Cn5!'2 ffi 111 [l ::: 0 45

0 ,11 i.' is o +t ,' cq

ll
,1r r;''
lil li: lj: .1
q Lr
ji r.tPE 15l) 20o 0.:)!l
I o:nji'rri C;is' i 0./3 oll il ll
I oa.lirr! l 'si 2 o il(i Li/ l ll lj l:ir
I rirLlLrir i r''r '1

sL aPE 2rlf
r

i .iliirr'i (:i'i' 7
',]ll' o:'{r o.7l
ll,,; ,l;l
0 li'l
ll ;l;
0 4.rl

0.0l-i
0
ll ill lil ;:r
I ,rrdlrri (l''r':l

{ ;;t; oil;;il flT.F;qi; $"i'Nit'ri

ffi
| "f
il lJC lirit:li
rl'1 i j
,....-c u .,
' . ! ,.tt|r-l riF r-;,
;,, i, i, ; .;;;;.:l; ::;;;i"#",iT;:l!l:.,,,"
L ',I Arr.ri'
",r
nnrt ,,iricrici.Ar,.ns,,
'' l' .o, rrr.
',
'I ,
,1..| ,,,I rL I,:iE ..1 F! 1h,.,.,1 , ,;,i""",
,,,,
,;
" ,. ,-,i .i,.-,.'0"
, ,

, .rl ar t, .. L.at. "t-ri

'I Lrll :lran l\/lcl.ntJers,, i11/ Greater thaf 2Hl
Wlrerc buildinqs irfe ,"1rrCe in
. , . 1.", ,,,r /-:,,, tu i /, d.rrrelatjcn 1o .aves h!
*, , "ro, irn *
'. ,' c1 I - '... n,.s ., .r toi ,t ,\, r+ ,. d "rFr,
)r' ,',' rour'n ,n,.i d ,u..n;r rn rc, na.b_ r."dr"o bpr 5
,l
'ii I'rt rtin roFmLe/

____t
"Fr S).r l.ifrfLdr,
i Pd.t.'!n ,n r,Li:ran

5
0
6

outr! .1' PrP$: e o si.

,fd ArJ W3r s
WALL LO,ADS:
\fiird rrcssures...
oLrhvard or inwai d oI wdlis Tdl te 4,1 .rws fo. rhc h,dtr
7 e\ terror.rnLJ intcr tot
1rr^5sur.gr;l.p
0
1

Wall Loads ( lnwards ard 0utwards) I

I
0 tot tnsu,t, rta, ts ar hatv ao use Tabte
4, rcfer page
J
4 2.9
PTJESSURE AC TING
ON SUNFA(]F ASEA
()l $/AL L (t<[.o\Elt/_Tot]s pFF
SO I!1ET RF)
ll = 3nl i] 5,n F ii)m
It\,1ar llvl ) rt\4r.) H= L ll .5m fl - 10nr
)
(l\il",) 1tl4ax) (t\4ax)
U NEGAI vE iaII\,.,/4ftDlt joil
l P0stTlvE (iu'"vA R itsi
PRES..rLl Ri ul.],,,vAi Ls 0:11 t).lli 0 art) 0 2t) 4.24 41.30

[o.,lc. M;;;;tl flHfgTffi$fr TiFJFT$

 Hoilf Srst?iiltg ,'d i.'ftber3

Fcr instiuc!iot1s o4a h.,r'i to ut Tabie 2 ieier Page 4 - 27

-'
'itrr),. ii.TONST,RFACEAFTA ':rp'
.:-' -gi-l,r:-,.rs=a'r.ll e!
clljwrc\spt" so l/c
LTE ED LOCAiiOT\l
XPCSED I.CCA'TION S'rr E R
E
iAT IVE iSUCT ION} PRESSURES
ROOF Oi:: h .lr'1 ,r 5 r h 10c' .r'3iY' H '5rn H l0'r
iN4a'r Md/r l[Id") rVJ'\ -
,;": '
ROOF STRUCTURES
)PE LESS THAN 150 o.21 0.25 a.32
0.36 0.40
span members (W>2H) 052 o68 *28 o.32 o.42
0.46

)PE 15.' 20tr

0.:l1 0.34 0.45 0.18 a.21 0.28
(w>2 H) o.21 a25 a.32
0.36 0.40 0.53

)PE 200 40.]

0.2s 028 0.38 015 0.rB 0.23

3L= C: sK:'-!-13$:ac= S-: P U'TUP::

)9E L=S3 iilAi: i5c
c.36 c.4 0 0.53 c.21 0.25 0.32
! ls0an m€mbcrs {ul>2Hl
0.,16 052 o68 C.2B 0.32 0.42

0.46 0.52 068 o.2a o32 o 42

)PE 150 200

0.45 0.18 0.21 028
0.31 0.:14
Lrll span lrlembcrs {!v -211)
0.21 0.2,5 a 32.
0.31i 040 0.53

o.25 0.29 0.38

0.42 a.41 062

lrE 20() 40.)

0.r 5 0.r8 0.23
a25 0.2B 0.38

,Il 0 25 0 ?-q {l38

0.4:l o 0.62

LN li AV LS al'l VIRriNDnll:i
I 8 U ILD Ii.IGS WITH LARG E
ENINGS
0:'1 0 ?l 0.15 0li
i) 7l
'r.ir.:c itLrl)!r vnirrts lrYl

--- - -'- - --_1 ,rt.

l eslP n n:aflu-tt ' Prtfii"tr$tE{] -L$?{fr1$
 LiGE'{D
r'
i ' Tot:l 1,,,.2r;-ia, ,.a{*Y.:
pr-"ssrre i krtoircvr'lcns/
5ij. Inr:rei 3cirrii fil
vertical irr.iecte; arsa oi
\.,.'i
ire-" st;nL.tiro i.J. i. /;, \
or st rr of pressures
ac tiJr,i o. iroft and
back oi r verilcai

S = [iuss .,r cclumn

spacing (merres)
0 - Gable end ovrrhang
= llJidth of seci;cn

= llor izontal force

(kilonewtons) on a
seciion oi I cof.
= Overalt heiqhr of
inr lUdrn{j lasc ias
(mctres).

o iini ir.,-izonial lorce F.n

s.ci on o{ roof oi h,idth = W

t'or t sttt!ations on
Tahle 5, rc fer pace 432

__-J

1l
To frnd lrorizontal force F on,
ructirnflrriai ob j-act
| = Fi.l x Are. Facin.J the Wjnd

Hori:ontal f5;*e*ays I forae Og -

ZOI]F TXPOSED
ll=5,,r sil[{,tEnFD
h=lOrn - 3rrr
([4ar ) ([1r,) ([4.r\) l-l il -.5m H.. 10,)r
1Nlax) ilt1rr) iMax)
l O IIIJ 1. t0 1.45
2 0 rill 0.08 il.81l
O 7IJ 0.8B l. llt
0 ,1il 0.5,1 o /(1
Lr 5{i 0.5 t; 0l/1 0 :.fi 1 l ,lr ,

i;;il;,{"-,;,;^; j
e$flTffi$fi ffi{srF$
l
I

For diflert|'lt valLres ol

ed!:s,rrqhrH !tollows:
rnrt'es
-es gin.rr in the
H';;; i5;i!1i:; ;i*llf ;t!T o/ 7n
a TJljror P h, as
loln
rl

Au'ldi'q
O'mensions

--_--] I

Frames
Panel Loads On Portal
Page 4 -30
how to use Table 5, rcfer --')
For instructions on
suRFACES A. B, c l-lDTN''
L
PEfi
{K ILON EWTONS
3i,F33H+E$31'|3^"#. NE
SHE LTEREO LOCAI ION
D LOCATIoN ON
E XPOSE

necD -
SL(
E BUILDINGS lnt,
2 H OR GR EATE R] lnr
co 150 c.2!' c.i5 Ca2 Cit rrll0 Gal
PE ,i :7
0 0.29 c.1- 0.03 n2Ll
r.iinq a35.
iLlin! Case 2
I
il.53 it 32
0.53
0.05
0.53 o.37 o.2C o29 029 Fa\
c.37
r,linll Case J

',l
-200 0.15 c.25 0.17 0.13 SL
PE
Case i
5.]
a 2l o.45 0.32 {J.24
0 0.29 0.10 003 0 lnt
adinq 0.53 0.19 0.05
037 0.20 0.29 0.29 0.20 ln1
adinq Case 2 0.37 0.53 0.53
ading Case 3
Ri,
)PE 20o-4oo o.21 0.24 015 0.17 0.17 013tl E.
nding Casc l
0.32 0.32
0 n'q 003 003
,adinq Case 2
0.53
0 37
0.05
0.53
0.05
053 0.37 oio o.zs o29 o20 SL
,adinq Case 3 lrl

RFOW BU ILDINGS
I ESS THAN 2H) Fi
IPE oo-150 58 o 42 o.270 015 o32 023 015 E.

radinq casc 1
)a.linq C.sc 2
o?t
0.53
o.42
a
0.32 0.16
0.64 0.64 :ii 0.42
.,! 3=l 333 N
o
ral.linq Case 3

"; orr' o2q o2? olr

OPL l50 20o
on,:li|]q C:rs-" 1
o.21
053
^ ' ttto o)l
il; ;'i: ;, i"r flii n2"
Ct

,,i.linq Casc 2
o.a2 n, f L,n 011 071 u 1r
(l
L)

r)Pt ?00 10(l o15 0.'0 020 0lri a)

.r.tlirrq
(,.r.:1 ri.l Casl 2
ainsc 1
027 04tj
0!3 021
o4: 064
031
011
064
o.21

a.42
0
s31 3:i ii: ,,1
(il(ilr,(-l Casc:l

a;,r.E'r:r rr* u ill,{flTq

 li
j ._t.:;

tegative Pressures ( Upwardi or 0utvaras

0n )
. _ Roof And Wal!
-_-.-jt:.- ,r.,Nmss,llts
Cl;dding &
6( rlxtngs
Fixinss
/-ot Itstru, tta,6 o.t ltaw to ttsp t abte t u,", ntuo I 2,,
PPI SSUqI NCII\G ON SURFACE
ARFA OF WALL
OR ROO F C LADD ING (K ILONEWTONS
PER SO. [,1ETRFI
NE64TIVE (SUCTIONJ PRESSURES r \oosLD IoCAIIoI
ON BOOF CLADDING SHELTEFED LOCAT ION
H=3m H=5m H=tom H=3m H=5m H- 10nr
(Max) ([4ax) ([,4ax ) (l\lax ) (Max) (Max)
SLOPE LESS I'HAN ]50
nlcrnal Afeas (R j) t68 r.B9 2.43
ft!,-iral ArE:rs
1.00 1. l9 148
iB 1Ai r53 2.43 ]. CC
tiabl. End {R2) 29C 3.2-6 4.21 1.13 2.O7
Firdije & llips 2.51
1U3) ?.41 2.26 2.92
raves 1.2A 1.4;1 1f8
iR4) 2.90 3.26 4.21 1.73 201 251
stoPF 150 20(r
(Rl) 1.40 1.51 2.03 0.83 1.00 1.24
(B1n) 1.68 1.89 2.43 1.00 1.19 1.48
Gab c EDd tP'21 2.90 3.26 4.21 1.13 2.47
F rlqr. & Hips (R3) 2.57
2.01 2.26 2.92 1.20 1.43 1.1A
Eavcs (R4) 201 2.92 120 143 1t?,
sLOPI 200 40lr
(R 1) 1.12 1.26 1.62 0.61 0.80
(R]A) 0.99
I 0B '1.89
2.43 1.00 119 1.48
Cablc EIl.1 1n2) 2.90 326 4.21 1 .13 2.41 2.51
Bid!c & llijrs (R3) 2.01 2.26 2.9? 120 1.43 1.78
(R4) 201 2.26 2.92 124 143 1.18
NEGATIVE (SUCTION} PRESSUR ES
ON WALL CLADDING
(w 1) L:14 1 .51 195 0.80 096 1. 19
(w2) 1 t9 201 2.6 0 107 1?1
OPEN EAVES OR VEFANDAHS
0R BU ILDINGS trviTH LARGE
OIIN INGS
L,. l{t HtA R2 nt.n4.
\tt,, , t!
rlrl 0L) 0 l:1 0.1t 00/ 008 al. 10

lr.,.sl.lry4 fr$ETmU0 r.i${frTs

fi.l,l
 i]OO F STR UCT!R ES:
l.bic 2 Eives d.sign gi4ssirres io |r :irI, ic.r 10 t,.e nre!, of
rool supDoried ir! a Jlructur.l /Jlten jesiqnin.:l -t
IP ..-'o to ot.. 'ncnjb.i
"End Areas" rnd 'interci Arees' \]

The area ol ioo{ ne:jr ir qsble ef.j rJUst Lre ire;ied ns a i ai

rooi rcEa..l ess ol ihe acauel :rof slsDr trl:rlorv {of j,!rn.l
.ct ng on lits !table end. For this :ea:|or separaLe valucs
are !iven ior de!rqn pres5ures ir '.!nC At-eas', cr.l
,tn6.or .....,,,..,
^r,., or .boo,,,,.,
"Ful1 Span Me..bers" (W C.eater rh.n 2ilj
Wh" " bu:l |,!! i, {.o. n rp Jr o,, to. r\, .. ,..
a menrber spa;ning lull width wiilsupport some
areasoi iower upward pressures. Tabie 2 provides
reduccd desiqn pressures for th!s aase. lf a member is
anchorecl down in mid span it must not tre ireated
as - "full spa menrbor".

D. ,!r rr..1.!i r., rSrin,

WAL L LOADS:
Ir,/il]d pressrtrcs cnn act of bolh inierior ;rnd cxtcrior sL| fnc0s of wails. Table 4 allows for rhe hio
oLrt\r/ar.l or illward pJessrrrcs on wa!ls which occlrr when both ."xterior and interior prestures arei
irctinq in the s.me direclion

Wail l-oads ( inwards and 0utwards )

io! insa Ltttio/\ t.t) tt!v to tise Tabla 1, Efer page 4 29
I'I]ESSI.]RE ACT ING ON SUF] FACE AN[A
OI- WAL L (K ILO N EWTONS TE t] SO N4FTRE)
li llr, ll..5nr ll =l0n) ll-3nl ll = lrn ll
1l,iir) (\lrr ) (Laix) lUex) (l"4ar ) ([,ft
l.lF raA r tvL: la) tj Ttr/Ant).il 1)fl
lOllll lV l: ( NV./Afi{)Sl
P fi Llls| n f oN y/,\t lii l:l,l t7{l
1', {t /{r 0l]t 10

lDr:ign Mrn',rl ]
D.4rTr]l6ta ! !4.!{1l'l.
lqri:. il till*r {-!t!! } r
 Roe{ Frarning ffiembers
oniw to use Table 2, refet Page 4 - 27
SUPOORTFD
fB.SJ'JAT AJ TING O\ SUAIALIARTA
' "';i'M,-^i;; *,itio^tew t orus prR so rvI rai)
E XPOSED LOCATION SHELTERED LOCATION
NEGATIVE {SUCT ION) PR ESSURES l.n, 5m H IO'n H' 3ln H 5m rr' l0r
ON ROOF OF: ',t.li'
,,
lt"ii
" (udx) rM'r')
it"'r {1/d\)

HIP ROOF STRUCTU R ES 3

SLO PE LESS THAN 150 0.86 1.1 1
1.40 1.83 0.73
1.24
Full span members (W>2H) 1.68 ?24 0.88 1.03 1.33
1.48
All otlrer cascs

sr oPE 150
2co
f.i1 1.26 1.65 0.66 o.t l 1.00 N
FLrll span rneolbers
(W>2H)
1.83 0.73 086 1.1 1 o
124 1.40

SI
sLOPE 20() 400
0.99 1.12 1.47 o59 o.6s 0.89
Il
All cases

GAaL; a-H ;{i;-Li't\ i:ul-}' s.iF iJcTi] 3as G

R
5 i OP-r L;S-c TtiAil 150
I

1.24 i.40 1.83 n73 0.86 1.11

lrrLl ,ir,rn Inrfi1r"r lrr - ' ' S
'1.,i6 1.63 2.24 O.BB 1.03 1.33
lr
all olher cnscj I'
fnd AIeas: 1.48 168 ?20 O,BB 1.03 1.33
G
lt
I

sroPE 15() 20(]

1.1
',l
1.2t) 1.65 0.66 o.71 1.00
S
full sPan nrenrLrers (W'2ll)
I

1.24 1.40 1.83 o.73 0.86 1.11

lr
nllotller cases G
l
1.51 2.05 oa2 0 96 1.25
ll
all cases l-

S LOPE 2OO 4OO N

0.59 0.69 0.89 C
0.99 112 1.41
l

0.82 0.96 1.25 (l

1.5I 2.05

OPEN FN VES OH V E RANDAHS I

OII BU ILIJ INGS ].Ii ITIl LARG E

OPENINGS
0.06 0.07 0.09
at l0 a.1 ) 015
lf.rtr.s.r rbovu v'l(ies bY:
I

s,qs'?ftB* U&,{EYPi
 I

*
RTED
E)

T ION

- 10m
Max)

Negative pres
.11
fr:ffijfi, ilrli
For itstructions on ho*
,*
dffi&?lp" fJii, *f", p"*;_;'-
PBESSU R E ACTING ON SURFACE
.00 AREA OF WAI I
..n-"^?i
.11
ii"Ai I." il'".J,","A
) p R ESS
uF E s : [T: x :i
(K tLoN EWToNS

SHELTFRED LOCATION
pER so. [.lii-n
ef

H=3nr H=Snr H= tom lJ=3m

fyax)_- ([4ax) (l\,4ax ) (Max)
lJ=5m
(Max)
H lom
SLOPE LESS I HAN 150 lMax)
lBt) 1 .31 1.47
lItAi 1. B9 078 0.93
Gal-,1{' Fri.l
] 3l i..1t 189 3.73
1. 15
lB2) '2 26
2.54
Fid|n 3r tl{;: 3.2a 161
1.5 7 2.00
Lav,r,.
18.1)
2.21 c il:
2.26 254 3.28 1.34 2.O0
sL oPE I5.). 2ijo
(n 1)
(R 1A)
109 1.22 ] sB 065 0.78 0.96
1.31 1 4t t.Bg
Gabllr[0(t (F2) 0.7B 0.93 1.15
8i(h. & llit)l ln3)
2.26 2.54 3.28 1.34 1.61
Ei]v1.s
1.51 1.76 2.27 0.93 1.11
2.OO
1R4) 1.57 1.76 2.21 138
093 1.11 I 3B
sLOrF 2Oo 40o
(R 1)
0.87 0.98 1.26
1R 1A) 052 0.62 011
1.31 1 .47 t89
6ihlc Ef.l {82) 078 0.93 1.15
2.26 2.54 3.28
n dlr & ll irr5 (B 3) 1.34 1.6
15/ 1 2.00
1 /6 227
r'avrs
1R,1) 1St .16
t) 93 r ll 1.38
1 2.2 t- 093 t.tl 1.38
NTcATtVL {suc TtoN) litlssr rnrc
oi\lL4r/1 t L CLn l)DtN(;

Ijr" fi .,\,I r. /l,Vll

lOli 1 .17 l5l 0.,-r2
l\,v2l t.) 74 ac?
I :19 I I'{l .! o? 039 1.23
r)r,t t l/ ,/t s nLt \/tg Al rAHs
{' r trl lLlrJt ,.e lt iI}l , ,\ t,tI
rr'r rr'r rri
i 't,i
]ll I ,i I) t:l t ftr 0u3
0c-.ig6 4"nun,
METffiflC LNhINTS
lr;,1
. qi.-r in ti- 'd:,1. dnr \ io d hurl .' r'' . i r. eavls heighi il = 5 n el:-"s. Fc..li:i-'ren-_ 'a r;-". ci u
.,..\1 ..j..Ar.i. "l i i.|' r f3ctcr Kh, :s
b)? follo\'vs:
'.- 'I
r3
rf

Panel Loads 0n Port:.i Frames

For insttuctions on how kr use Table 5, refer Pag. 4 3C

PRLSSJqi ALiING NN S'II]F(LE: \ A C AND D
SUPPOR,TDE' FBAI\Ir (<rlO\lWlONSPr tl rr/
F XPOSE D LOCATION SHELTERED LOCATiON

SUILDINGS
T
H OR GR EAIE R)
oo t50
'l
.,r C.:se ; ',.,2 i.t5 I a4 .i i9 i-l iri-i
n! C.se ? i12 0.111 .i.r1 0 a.4,1 0.c7 c
na Ca5e:l 1.51 1 !,r- 1.23 0 97 C.S7 0.7G

-r50
20o
no Casc 1 0 .10 1 12
't 1.06 0 0.86 0.69 0.66
nq Case 2 112 039 0.r1 0 0.69 0 24 0.07 0
n! Case 3 1?3 1.51 .51 1 1.23 0.76 0.97 0.s7 0.76
.20.r 40lr
n! Cas. 1 0 1.12 1.12 1.06 0 0.69 069 066
n!, Casc 2 1.12 0.t1 0.11 0 0 69 0.07 o.01 0
1)3 1 51 1.51 1 .23 0 76 0.97 0 97 0.76
n! Casc 3

OW BU ILDINGS
SSTI'IAN 2H)
, oo liio
inlt Crlc 0 1.68 1 3/+ 1.12 C) 1.04 0 83 {1.{i9
1
0.41 0.21 0
fl (l.r:j.2 1 t? 0.67 0 34
1.31 1r9 r 79
0 0.69
I r0 1.10 0.83 I
i|'t C;iir-- :l
: I .).
1 3,1 oa3
t
?no
rq ai.!. 0 1.5 / r 29 1.12 0 c.97 0.79 0.ti9
0.69 0.35 l-1.I7 0
1

in,t alise 2 t.12 0.56 0.28 U

rrq 1li:r,r:l i :11 1 t-9 lTll 134 0.83 r.l0 i. i0 0.83

: 20'r :101)

inq Ca5ir l 0 116 )23 1.12 0 0.90 0./6 {J.tjg

1r', 069 028 1.1 i)
.r,i {)45 012 {l 0.
I 1t-9 r 7il 1 lll 0E3 1r0 1 10 0.8:l
in( Cir'je 3

M+nuai t.tITl;it lit{i$'$ f-.-;-t

ll ....i
ffiiJ
STR UCTURES:
i-hle 2 givps dpq,nr pr.sjures r,r r.o :.
- r,. J,, I oi
'u.r ,.lF-r, ,, ., n. :i,,'. , ,..,,,^;,li;;r'r.d r ,
, .a mpmbo. ,." " ,L,pr wJ_" .
., .""*.;,-il, i".,cn;nc
' n l a,.d\ ,nL . rrr"r,ol ""1 " '
;;.::f" " '' r"e "i'LL L'"
I hc drFr c,i roof nedr d .t;He
end m r(+ l

: :i: ;; it;":J :"i. :;;;: i"i;,;'.

. i -,'\-, ,oi ,;,.q"" fi: ;J:,":[
p.;,.u;;.',;'..;dson 1eL, ,,n /dr,I.5
r"r,or Ar,
",:Ji ;",,i;";, ,,ri ;j;Ll;:::,,,i'j,,,.,
M'n'r'^' (wc'.-r,r'n,, 2H)
rt ^] ^l'-,t*l'
vvrrerc DLirldinn5 J,.
:,::-?;, :","","" ;
W.Je rn reiarjnn r- -
;
^ ^;iii;1,""";l::i,"
-l :" i1":" il,I l. ;llti,l "Ji"f iil;
p ,,",
l;.::i ""
;;.',1 I ,';il ;"; l;:i:;:;
,; :;:.: :.1',:T::'""" '

i Srjir MP. ,rr

;;:fi;,;";':,i;ii;""

OL,rutrr.t! r,c.luii.i q d^

WN LI LOADS:
11/ prcssrl.i c.n
r/xJ
olrtward or irrr/ar(i '\ tcri,,r ,|r fd.e, otw.rll5
ircrif(t ill llrc,;rni. o..r,r wh.n bL,th c\tennr Trblp 4 alJovr5 ior rhr: ilol,

ffi
arlLl rntcr ior pre59L|a< :m'

Wall Loads ( lnwards

and 0utwards )
i it i1.ttitr:itat)s a/r /1,),,ij . t tt\^ | )ttt. ,1 re:p. r.0t l
l'llE .sLrRF \f.l
rrr ll,Al (l ,fOlrt' tc ou slrfii
Wt,,r, U,.i, ^.Jl ARIA
ll [4FT n!)

rr,Lll!
Ii
|)|f,r \f
rlrf ir, 111 l fr,trrl
ii,'l,r\
:l
)
)r
1,, : i' i*ljl" "f
i^;" ll
, l1=./r I trlr

(l 't; I r)l I i/ 0l r) l
1:i 0 u.l

tlxflT&{fi UMTS
i-i,,I
 &
E

't
I
Roof Frarnlng S?embers
Foi instructions on hovr to use Table 2, refer Page 4 ' 27
P,qESSURE ACTiNG ON SURFACE AREA SUPPORTED
BY N,IENlBER {KlLOi\EWTONS PER SO. ]V]EIfrE)

D LOCATION SHELTERED LOCATION

;ATIVE (SUCTICN) PRESSURES E XPOSE
ROOF OF: H.-3m H-5m H-10m ri=3m H=5m H=10m
1mr") {Max) (Max) (N4ax) (lMaxi (MiIL

ROO F STRUCTU RES

LESS THAN 150
'PE rncmbers (W>2 H) 0.96 1.09 1.42 o.57 0.67 0.87
I
span 1.04
1.15 1 3l 1.71 0.68 0.80

)PE 150 20c) 0.78 IJ

0.87 0.98 0.51 0.60
ispan members (s/>2 H) 0.67 087 o
096 1.09 1.42 0.57

)PE 200 400

0.46 0.54 0.69 lr
o.t 1 0 87 1.14

aL- a; SK iiL!
Oai FCOF ST9'.]CTURES
tl
,;E LESS THAN i 5t)
{:

i.0s 1.42 0.57 c.67 0.81

uii sira n menrbers {W>2H) 0.96

i.31 1.11 o.6B 0.80 1.04 ll

1.15
I

1 15 1 .31 1.t 1 0.68 080 1.O4 (:

li
t
IPE 150 200

1.24 0.51 0.60 0.78

(W>2ll) 0.87 0.s8
!11 span nrembers
l

1.09 1.42 4.57 0.67 0.87

0.96 I

1.08 122 1.59 0.64 075 0.97 I

r I cases
t:

oFE 20{) 40.)

o.54 0.69
rll cases
o.l I 0.87 1.14 0.46

0.9./
I 0ri

'EN EAVES OR V E RANDAIIS

] BU ILD WITI] LARGE
,ENINGS 'NGS

.r{l,rse al)ovc vir Lrcs bY: 008 009 412 0.05 0.06 c.c7

b-.iu* ld*"*!
'l
Yffi tsfilTs F:l
-
h
ffi

\;

\.'

Negative
0n Roof
Far instructions an ltov,
tr**ffi**t-
to us-. r"u" t. *i*iii i
P RESSU RE ACTII\G
I\IEGA IIVE
ON ROOF CLADDING
(SUCTION I pBFssuRLs ::ltii;"^:X '?ii:"?'*i'""t?ii 35 tf ','",

I OPI: LISS '|HAN 15(r

(B 1)
elt+ #ii j,":r'[-:r'il-i],
089 100 1.29 0.53
0.63 0.63 o.78
(,r1,ilr Ir)n i0r izi (]5J
iit2) i.i;1 i73 0.5l 0.;r3
2.23
{R3) r.06 1.09 i.36
(84)
i.20 154 063
1.54 0 76 4.94
1.13 2.23 0.s1 1.09 1.35

(B 1)
o.71
lRIA)
0.83 1.O / 4.44 0.53 065
089 1.00
G,rhl!r [,,.t (H 2) 1.29 0.53 0.63
154 1.13 o.lB
{fr3) 2.23 0 91
1.0ti 1.09 1.36
1.20 1.54
(F4 0.63 o.l6
) 106 |.20 1.54 0.63
0.94
0.76 094
Sl,Of F 20o 4Oo
(Rr)
0.59 0.61
(u rA) 0.86 0.35 '0.42
0;rl'l.r l: r.l 089 100 1.29
052
lR2l 0.53 0.63
1 .54 1.13 0.78
Ilr.iqa & tl ir). 2.23 091
Iavr:r
1R3) 106 1 .20 154
1.09 l3ri
(q4) 0.63 076
.., 106 1 .20 1 t;4
494
063 4.16 o.g4
NfG4l rVf {SUcl tON) PFIESSUBES
0l\J wnt tcLAIrDtAic
rir',l ri,rl ,,\r1r.r ltli l) t). 1i
rl,rrrfr A .,r-. [,12)
{1.30 I03 a .12
t) l;l
0lL I 0(l 131
0 6:i
t.5$ t) c] a ?,4
rll'l lJ f AVF:t.r, \/f rl ANt n H.l
rrrr rrr riL t , t. \ lvjtJtIn a.F
0t [ ]\lN Gs
L ,,lt r,, r i rr!
(l (11
ir r)l 0 i)1 1)rlr 0 Oil
Drsign Man itn rl &$FTRsff [.!er$ffi
Pressures given in the tables apply to a buililiNg with eaves height H - 5 merres. For.lif{eic'ri,Jil r,-.s rf
H, each pressure !liven in the tabies is to be multiplicC by a iaclcr Kh, as loilcws:

ir

Panel Loads 0n Porial Frarnes

Far instructions on how to t,se Table 5, refer Pdae 4 :10 lrc

ontssrRf cc
ATTiNC nI lua.AcTs a, F c a\D D bc
")tiPo'rn I LlrB I nAt/lL rl\llONl\tulONst, !l,,
E XPOSE D l.CICAI ]ON SHELTERED LOCAT IOIJ
C D
WID E BIJ ILD INCS
(W = 2TI OR GRFATEN)

SL oPE 00 i5r']
c i..]l i) 67 | 0Bl C54 11 ri:

I r'.r l:,rr:
-:,:" :l
t
-.rLaf F 15'r ?rlo
0 1 09 0.s7 0 0.68 C 5d at ii I

li.riinq alis. 2 0 87 0.30 0.0s 0 0.54 0.19 0.05 c

0 96 1?2 1)2 0.36 0.59 0.76 0.7ii 0.:i9

.il (]PF 7llr, 4r).r

0 087 087 0u3 0 0.54 4.5tr, 0 5l
0.87 0 09 0.09 (l 05"1 0.05 c.05 tl
I ,) rli:!,; i i,,r :l 0.9G 1.22 122 0 !)6 059 076 {1.76 0 5!r

N/' ll U{)ltl iM j,-il ll..lcS

{W LESS T I l,irN ?;l)
:r oir: f' ti'
0 131 r.c4 0 irl 0 0li 0 t5 r:l l),1
L,),iilr:,r I i.,,. _) rllj, 1r!r2 o ,{l il t;t1,1 0.i2 t. !e 0
I i|4 I :t!t 3.1 {i $u u.ii6 Ll il{t !l iji;

;'f')
t) l:2 I0r) il rl t6 0 ii: () .',1
I it t' al t1 0..1;' lt r.l:,.1 i) 2/ {l l,i i
ir)l 1l;,: t) lllt it:rr' i:l::j

il I t:t {r.rl 0 i-l /0 ll|1i ilIi

rl:t l].2r, tr I r il 1.1 !t (l l,'., (l i I

, ri li,l lrrl lrrlr, rrllri 1) lli; lrri,.

il9:;gr :',lr|'rrrt i
efif T[lfi; i"]S$"d.5.,
 Doslgn 0l Buildings For High Winds
Sri Lanka

DITACING
Fof,YrNc A t4LND tRUSS', rN tLE ROOF
itoRlZoNTAL FLrRclS To si{f,ARt WALLS " ,. L To
STRU.TURE
'u TRANSFER
irc. r,(n,,:

These connec fions must be

made s trong enough to trans
fer
the high forces in the bracing
Concrete bond beam or timber:
top plate must be continuous
co act as a member of the
"\,r'ind truss"
Forces in these
connections will
bc very high

Concre te
bond beam
forms p415
of truss
'I

0
Bracing may be Frowide a aie aa iine of
'tu:1i i to c
archored to enC tlus s or'rp 1e t e ihe ira.ds s .
IiolTevet: end tr.uss nust be
"lf,'.",l1 fjxed ro wal, in a manner *hj.h
1
wLLt a tLot^/ dll horizoltlal forces Lo
be
0
l:esjsted by hhe wa11 wirlrout damagin!-it

To enable it to Lransfcr horizontal for.ces to end

braced panels lhe roof strucLure mrrst val ls
a ;e able to act as
"r,rind truss" in the horizontal pLane (or in the plane
of thc roof slope)
If any member ^r- .unnr cr i^n ot J IrUSS,ails or is
the truss will bo urrb I e ro lrJr.fa. Forccs :ppLied missing,
ro it-
Similarly, the raoof s t!uc tur e anLl the bracing prowitled
nust make up a1l the members . -ed. ru Iorn . 1..aa.
any sccLion of a "wind truss" ]-Fqrs mrsslng, a speci.1l tie I
f
bface, plaue or: bearn must bo o./ i l.d o .^rp l" .
t,. iiusr
ALso, the connections beLween the ends of this
,nl_lh. sLppor '.tA \,irl or fr t.- ntrrst be sttrong"wind truss',
|i.:t.., il r,,- lu.cls ,r,n^fer- .r Lo them by the cnough
,,winii to
trrrs s " ,

RooF ncmbers rrs ed to fornt tlle'\diltd truss",

I r Lr!ir;r's, raif le]rs, be;rns, lrond
such as roo l.
br:ams , top plateri,
Llrde rpur: l l ns , cIc:. Inus I be pr-opc-r ly connarc
by s L rappr'n;,,, Lrail rng or boltirtj.
_ L'ed I-o I h{, h r;r r, I r r11

lo**;ru";1 rl,i;'t
 Sri Lanka ID*
Buildings Winds

RRA l.J I NC
11
1^]AI,I, BLqC ING ei tuns
t
Reinfor c ed bond bean' Refer detail Pagel-42
BLO C KI^IOR](

Lla1l lie

L-

ia.
od
18"

.l
T I
r/ 8"
lr I

11ia. Vertical Reinforcement

1 anchored in ioo tang
Lies
cts
i
1I!l-\ I

i\{)
1
l\l
I

1l
*3:*t"",""?0.J"?lt.
1 .3.6
!!41!{o-!r

1/8"
dia --- (\\
i'iI e
crs ct
RrickrvaLl

I Dcsigit 8tratt't rt
;1
1
F;
 /.1 BRAC ING
I /.1 r!-'Al,L
BRACINC ( cor.rt , d)
BMCING RCD DETAILS TO CONCRETE AND S TTEL

u,,Ti3.
3l ;: i3';.:n'Lx
s ides to co lumns

Turn buckles to
sltj L 3/ti,
rod s

3/4" di.a. lr.acing rods

o
\.
S te(]l --+
3/B " M. S. cleats
with min 6" fi11e
rneld bo th sides to
co lunn .

- 1-:l- i -
- , -11L 'r,J
!=
l - -- _ __li
_

Cun !-re t e pj er

2 No 5/8" bb1ts
l/8" M s c lea nl th min_
ii" filter r"eIdLs
boi:h sidcs
to plaLc_
:l/4" l)r:1,:r.lnA r.o.ls wirh
I cr)riiot)i ng irrlnbrrckles

fter{r-.-tlrl il
Design 0{ Buildings For High Winds Sri Lanka

7 .1 BirAC 1NG
t.
/ .7 .1 WALL BPGCING ( cont ' d)
1.

Reinfor:ced bond b eam Bracing pane L

of br ickvork
Provide tie beam or joists ora b locknork

"/.

L_-,1
Rods anchored in concret e
footings

T,ATF,RAL SUPPORT OF FREE PIERS

l'trote: Toos of al1 free piers must be braced to a rigidly

'raced Parr oI f-e sErucfure'

Design *lanual
.E4
 1.1 BRACING
^
1.7 .2 RoOF BRACING (cont'd)
enough to resisE the hori^onLal forces and
t-o che supporEjng walls or rrames_ Lransfer them
Typical derails of Lhis Lype of bracing are glven
Section 7.7.6, pase 7_g1 in

7,7.3. WALL BRACING

hrherewalls are of a type of construction'.;;;'"i":i ,il.

whLch cannot
resisL horizonuat force! along rhe ;;ii:
braced ro provide Lhe necessaiy .""i;;;;";";a
lorces, i;::."
Simi-Lar-Ly, \"/he-e a buLLding is eupporEed
on piers or
corr.rons, it is essenLLal L6 brace' lr,"i.-i"'lEit'iiil".ion"
ll:":l .. back and_ side Lo sjde.or Lh" t,.riraiie)-i'o-pro.,ia"
rne necessary resistance ro norijoniat- i;;;;"':,", " -

Bracing can take a number of forrns:

Dragcne I Li-nDe r Dracing.
- ulagooa_L
- o
,sEeei sFraps in bOth
Lee f rods
djrecrions.
- fnfi1l masonry panel betrdeen colunns.
Typical derails of some of Lhese Lypes of bracins
shor",n in SecLion /.7.6, pagcs /-82-io /_67r_---- - are
-,.'

Design Manual
 Sri Lanka
lesign 0{ Buildings For lligh Winds t o*:ilt

BRAC I NI.]

1.5 ROOF BR-AC iNC

lurlin roo f

Brace all encl baY

roof panels. (
l "x 1]r" Uar dwood
rrailed to e verY
purlir-r vith 2 3"x9
gauge nai 1s

Al l: erna L iwe arrenqenr:nt

TYPICAL END BAY

AL;cr:native
ar!angement s

Br:: c ing 3 '>i11;"

I
H:rr d\to o d rrailerl
to ev ery rlfler
rri tLr 2 -:1" x9
g:r rge, tra i ls.
Brece bo l: tom

Fix end of
br.acing to
rafter or
walL p late
by bolting
or strappln!
& naillng

t\
t-.
fix to ri dBe !,ril
7 3" .': 91:,:rugr: llr ac{r nri I.rd io
na i 1:; plLls S 1,r.n Lr

(.e(]l t(], I r'l :lL1 raI Lr:rs or-

pur l-irs

i n"-s- ,.:t",rt-ll tE
 I

I D, 5igr Ot Buildings For

liOOt,' ct,At-)ilii,tc iILnS

'1 I i,!
t!l)i

Tiled roof

CALI CLI? T]LE

YtHYtt Roor sLoPE

Brealc off 1in of
ti 1e at s trap
of

2 2" x t2gge
Raftel.
I tr" r 24gge s trap
e rON.R, -l'..
dr. tR.\j N. tJ,: STR,p.
pp ing
l:.:^:-":'.
ne:tle s
I
t to a raftcr. ,o .,,., I Oln il
, 8,, .r:., _er , r in
ll:l :
;;,r;-;":'",: ,:- i ,.
j",',
,^.."-l ' .
:.aa.'r.
i I , , ;.h l. .
, , .. ^" "l'
..tJ
J. l4axinun cotlct.ete strip :

sp:rc.ing to
l-ocation Zone I
Nclr eable 4!,,tls ?
I'
Il1s ewh c r:c
6' 4', 1.,"
IJO i il i\.1(li r il,ir,r i (1..r ril: lo I I,r, ,r:!tr,i
I i l,:,r, .r r-r, .trde r.'hcn Jit:rrI
I o 1:1r.,. rr:,r,nl rl; 'rllr,r lr,:t._ t. fi1 the Ca.lir.rctly

{}lc@ir,l
 Design Of Buildings For lligh Winds

BRACING

GENERAL

Ewery building must be able to remain rigid and keep its shape
under load \"/ithout skel.ring, twisting, racking or collapsing.
Ttre construction method used nlay itself provide the necessary
rigidity, for example a concrete structure with concrete
floors and with the spaces between columns filled with
masonry will resist these forces wery well.
A steel or i:imber structure that does not possess such
r:igidity Inay twisl or: collapse like a pack of cards unLe s s
held rigid by BRACING menbers
Bracing may be required in either the horizontal plane
(e.g. roof bracing, floor bracing) or vertical plane
(e.g- wall bracing or bracing of supporting piers). Bracing
may also be provided in the plane of the r:oof slope or
verticall)' between Lhe lrusses.

I .7.2 ROOF BP,ACING

Roct ur:rc jag nay :-aLe ii,-., gene-.1i forll3:

a) Br:ac:inl Trrovi.lecl to eive g,eneral r:ig,id:it.,' lo a s 1-Luc luie
Biacing ot- this type should always be pr:ovided.
TypicaL details cf 1]his type of bracing arc given in
Section 7 .7 .5, page 7 30.
b) Transter Folqg L1!Iqr€b_l!!_!9q S rruc ture
"f
Althorrglr pressures m:ry actl on the i role surface of a
building, !.raLls or frirmes capable of resisting horizontal
(sideways) forces n;ry only occur at certain places in a
builcting.
To resist Lhc: forces rrhich act on lhe building between Lhcse
locations, it is usualLy necessary to provide some form of
"wind truss", by bracing ltle r:oof structute. The "strength
ch:rin" tor horizontal forces is Lhen as follows:
(i) Foices frorn lhe l-of of a section of wa11 not supportcd
by a frarnc or cross \^7a11 act on Lhe roof structure
supporling iE.
(ii) Thc roo I ritrllcturc irarlsfers the forccs alonfj the
buiLding to;r frane or cross waIL cor)nected to the rooI
(jir') Thc r.ia11 or: fr:anrc: transfers llrc forces to Lhe found:1tlolrs
To flrakc usr: of tlle raoof structrrrae in this 1ray, in cases rdhere
crrlss r,'a11s or: Franrcs ar-r: widely spacecl, l-he roof franring ancl
thc bracing $rrsl- f{rrm a lrorizoLltal iruss \,/hi ch i.,r strong

f,-;q
 [0orlgn ot Buitdings ro, nEt wino.---..-
Sri Lanka
]iOOF CLADDING - CORRUGATED ASBESTOS
CEMENT
iIOoKBOLT LoCATI0NS (cont ,d)
Fix. every sheet
purlln o]: reePerco |everv
-<

MINI}IUM END LAP

Asbes tos Cenent

M1N1MU}4
END Sheeting
1A?

Fit righr agains t

-Jr\
ure;Lrallce not morp purlin
fhat l" en
be t-we : IIc siaples reeclr:e.j
+,,-t in ant toII wnen p.:tlin 1s
cPtrect re c tangul ar
snape

Asbe s tos Cemen t

5 heetinA
END LAT
r4lN1ltiJ!4

When purLins are

Clearance not more rough cut add
lhan steel staples
purlinL"and botrr
between
as s horu'n

l4I4!ry_9YCS4ANG

{1$'11ir\
overhang"
11a
Asbes Eos Cemen r
Sheeting

Dooign Manual
I}
 Sri Lanka

TO:J C F'}iiiN1
ROOF (JI,.\DD ii''JC - CORRUGATIiD
ASBI]S
1.6
],ET T' TO ' R.IGI!T
CORNER }'lITRES FOIi
:] ilEE'I' LAY I I.I G ,\-I]D
ffXlNC
Centre line oi corrugaLion I

f- l
Top of
shee t
t I

3[/ llo t
-T
lon of
I
El f
sheet

].. CORTiERS AIA}17

STEPPED UITRE
(JiITTI}iG

nt

f,u rTLD
3. -Il-jl"iT Cl,oSIiD
?- c0lliiElls

!x!!rl,_rl-E14l!
llook tr ol t throrleh
I'urposc nrlc 4, i.l ashing itl cverl
g r,.rge Cah' rnr s':'l PUrLin or reePer

- Pull-i n or reePct
lf ix ;rt 2'O" Llr.' '
('.111ras \"]:i lll
I t,"lr1 2g giLLvan ist'tl
f i;rl Lrca.|rai l::
l*

'.. '1 i1r{,cr- }':1r-}-lr' boal ds

;;-.."-:;-l []'rl
il
fr ciu:t as:
, , 14b, ooF,at,ui,Fd,.,o;
'.' , ", ., tur",i.rnh", i,,,,r ,
r " r. '
t ., ., '5., . o..r"r,iol ..,ncl_crj.rl,t ., stJ.,,;
'
.,r. \:. ,.,Lre
J ,!t A|lrs,,Jnrt ,,lnlerior Areas,,
l1 , ,,1rurir,-i r .lnlrJ..nd nru\r t r'"c
.. " "' \ ' ,'"i
, . "', :.,' o
' ' "i
r..i.r,'.,," ,;,,,,,,,;,;. 'l,o!ro' v'n,
*
..: l , ," ,,,n, .",s,,,",,r 1i. :.";*i;e
::;"
. ,.r,.o or \t rron rooi .i.L,,u;"..
:rr
.j.lr, . M r,,h, , /\^, incred16. r,.J'l 2q)
,.!",,i,t4,lro\d,p reldlion
^rJ-w..rrh witJ ro"rvFqh..,,.:
,1,,,","q rr,lt
:i, l.'l,,ll
' '
s,npo[ \orne
,w,r ,l os.
':*"' t
r. l"i,ILi,.ionp,"s\ !,r,ssLI tdbrF2proviops
rps for rnrscase. tian"mOor
,i.. ,* ' ,r min sp"n ir nJsr nor b" rrp"(a.J rs
ll [] ".',,
'r!,r I sndn nl.,mt,pr '

,,r_! tspan
tvle,rber 4d uo@n io,a! span
,o nor
'rarr * iu i 5!ar.,

WAL L LOADS:
\4/irrr I)r.rssurcs can act on
borrr int-"flor dnLJ e\ tcnur suJ faces
llLrlWJrd or irlwarLj pres5Ures
iL lr rrt In th. \dme
on waIs which occrrr when both of wdJle. Tdbtc 4 al/ows for tlre hror,
dtrectron eYreflor dnd intenor p.nrrrr",
".",

Wall Loads ( lnwards and

0utwards) -l
tot instnx:tions an how to use Table 4, refer page l
4 29
PRESSURE ACTJ1\G
ON SU R FACE AB EA
OF $'ALt lK ILON EWTO
NS PER SO. I,,]ETBE)
ll -3nr U.snr H = lOrn H=3m - 5nr
l\t r,ATlvL (o UItvA
{Max) f,t,rx) { lr,4ar
l.l
) (Mar) {t\,lax) H =10m
n DS) OR lMax)
I r|,1 IlVf llt,lWA R Dsl
r'l 1 :il,Ll u f of\ I,vALLS
0 6:l 0l 093 0J7 a 4,1 0.57

l)r.5iga fo|r{i641 | *i{["?ns*q{ l t lr r)"ll',-

 te
Roof Framing Mesnbers
For instructlans on how t6 uie Table 2, rcfer Page 4 - 27
PBESSURE ACTING ON SUBFACE AREA SUPPCRTED
BY I\4EfuIBER {KiLONEWTONS P€B SO. METRE)
NEGATIVE (SUCTION) PR ESSURES LOCATION SHELT€RED LOCATION
EXPCSE D
ON ROOF OF: H=3m H-5m H=10m H-3m H=5m H=lom
(Maxi (Max) {[4ax) (tv1ax) (Max) (Max)
HIP ROO F STRUCTURES
SLOPE LESS THAN 150
Full:pan me..bers (W>2 H) 0.65 4.74 o.9 t 0.39 0.46 0.59
o.ln 089 1.16 a.4l 0.55 011

sLLrPE 15l) 20o

Full span mcnr[c's (V,/>2i1) 0.59 0.6 7 0.87 0.35 0.41 053
0 6ri o i4 0.97 0.39 o46 o5q

st oPE 200 n0,'

o52 {l 59 o.l n 0 3l 0.37 a4l
9.
GARL E arq S!:!! !llr'.r aca. !T!:r!1.-1!!DE{
.tLl ir E iqs:, lti.'\;11:.

f,ri:in.. ir.trrr,", s l!i/ - ;l1l l 065 0.1)7 0 :tq 046 c5!

all nlhcr..-.i 0.7P 0.89 1 1G l\ 4l 0.55 07t

0.78 0.89 1.16 o.41 0.55 o /1

sL (l PF J'i(r 2C')

llrll .1]i],,f ,r,,'l'r'! i (lili2ti) (-r.5 !l 0{il 0 B/' 0.35 0..11 Ll5:i

Jll rJtl,cr.:r.:"c 065 a.14 o9l 0.:19 o.46 0 l'9

Fn,l Arent:
l!. /:l {t {t-J 1.04 ra.44 0 s] 0 ti6

sL oPE 200 400

{r liu 073 0.31 (-).:ll Ll.4l

{l t:t r) ::l l I0:l 0 1,1 0 51 i)i1l

.tr'ti.r = /r \..; :,,)t: r.r!tri!iil]riir:

olt Br-jlLltr: ;-tirltllt I AI1ta:
{ )lt llli.jrir:

(l1l1 | 0I Il r):

l- ;'...u;x1,'
;, ',',',': I ffr;turuu, ru*uuu l-' 't'
l
 F"r,s,ior B-ttji,w F* H,sq y/-drl

B -2.4 . r-rL\!.ir s t. J; ..

PLbb, .. t : ir. ,,' Vt ; r ,.. . , .-_,

fiTEi) kesiqlinr L:,n.rr., J...
:' r' IJvlri {,t r:v.l'nE
', I ' I vcnrn^n'
RE) .rad , ;;;',. ' "nu" uepnrrr.,,r ,,r rr,,,,,r,,x
r-o,)s,
" ,, ^,,:,fj,:;
ATION
Leicesr:er. R-ti,,
H= I0nr j r.uji.,r:r r--i.,,. I.:rrr{1()n,
t\v
t... t.. :
i:y. tr)rr 1r....,,1 "'.,'i:'irj A.,L,,j is rt rt,,,
iMaxl :nrr i,,! :,..,,
-",,,.,", "i'n,,"i;;i;,,. j:.il;;1,,,
lhr,',F't. t.n,: "nlf.tIri,i,rlr1B Att)(.,.t.n "j;,1.'i;,1;:'.T:
Cy, lon. T.J.v. ..j.rvin.
\'r"s lr'rll'lrr,r: i, lorrrr ir.'lr:Fur!c. Au.r(rst
0.59
i;1: . o-r,i,,,"i, ,
0 7l ' "; ,,..,"",.
Ifi:ror. ".r';,. r'1cr,1,,, h.(,., r,.n,,"".1j|.r:.1.: ,'f.riIulcs
or srru.rJ''c
053 ::"":: "':"1'I'rr''r'J' I' Htrrtirtrrrar r)rvrsro.,
tilrI, r'ri'c, r'in r e:u, -",;.:,,;Jl; ,," :
59 ;:,;;":,'liil:''u' 9rr pr')i.,i'-ri'i
,'Rul,orr
lo:l*,,!.*., Fn cy{10!
n.,"..., r^ti''iiir,. iii,,!il.!}ir$illir-"f j'ffj"::"::il::,,i:,;";;:i,,
I,I:.'
8.2.5
t{arx3!$r_!-rlrrgjgLrllJs
ieck,'t^;i. , St.sverrt, l,, l{ r ; df€ht
Shee!_lnt" Ins ti huLlald gt l{''t(,}] rod L.aLiin! of Corrugare,i
Ad€1ai.de, Noverbqr, strr llaiA L gtructtrrel
lt?Fr,
organ, .j., Ucck Vrfir
wird t oadln8,, C,tyll, dlttog111oao, Roofins under Repeated
VolDlre cE 19, No. lr ru6ll! r, tns rlru ri{Jn nf Engineers,

Co., .1959.

j rl.E., Dd1[
A1:l erl
li3tio al Rcr,r. CotlR Loed6 and Cladding Dasien"
lj. lloo. , Res, Phper 611, 197i"
Mayre
" J, il.
IP.[ Current
,
df cLszing ro wlnd
Jun.. :l 9 7 ii ,
t0h Establishnent, England"
lt:lke! C,R,, , I'Hd
iir,gii.noer1n! co /ilr fllad r"ratt panets,' Annuat
,tcii1, I979, Ftfl66rF, te' th. Ausrr:ati.l.
nzpernnentdtt IJ IItl
Evaluarion ol l,f0d the Tcsring an.l
44O, lixpe r Lnr$n tri I Tecbnical Record
Iebruiry, I9 /t,. 6lt of Construction,
l,liwr encr:, lj..t, I
llrirjirork I'|t|',1 rr
Buil d j nll 5(,rl lo
I$'fi
'{iii,ii, ;:'"fi::fi:i::,"'
Lypcrr0 clrtat
*-'
Aus Lralia, l,] /'ii tFld:t lllll, NorL)r R.yde, N.S.lr.,

l;.-l
 ll r!.,i9
Sri Lanka
Design Buildi nes For High \iYin

8.2.5 !4trT!'!'s fnlfolllAllg loads"

t'''-. -r I'Ji dod Gl3sq Lo l^iind
,'"1''
A dsu',, \.1 . " '" .i-i l'.n , ;l:;1,",,.:;,ll:;"' ;:;; "
Tf ir'l U S Nrci unrl
Lor
februar'' tP' 1t1-e-1 ro
:;';i";;;;'
,\.2.{i BllIi-Dl r-!\4!-!lq
"
:; :: ::" :1"' :::i::' ;"i;;l'
ll'"1:,';,,\;. " .:::;' l'rl.;::':;': : ll: III

ArtsL I r' :'r ' Alr i '

'" '

c r'! ' 410th "., '"'11.".:;::: l::.:: :: ',: :l;:"i::'i:l'l:"1;ll'

ALrstr]L1
Dirralle"
Dar.win Recons Lruc:i:: ::llHi::, "Hl"i:?,"ilEi'
' Darwin Reconslr:uctr'on ".::i:1"^l::?
i:::?l',-^:l'::::'ffi :i:i:'
"f:ii:H: ;:'::""^""::1i"''"'i:;::';:l
Decenbcr' 1e75'
il";;;;;; ror cycrone

;::i::l ;::' :' iil" ;::l: l::' ";:"

; :t r:"::*;:;::l::"i":'""';: ;"' .' ""'

Arrirrl i a TF|hnj '3 I

"De iso in' :"'ii':"::"'.':,",:';:;"""

r, :,a-:, , L4-sr,1'r;^ii: '"'*''" ' '"' '

",.::lli: ^ '"i1];:'..?:i:l:":1""'
$l!',i.: i; "liir l**i:rii* l' * il*'q*ti=i 4 it':;
H::::il' I l)lt li ll"'l '"'''"""'
N'u York' APr i

sarrir, H. s. : "Desi-gn..'1nr !.,:"::::::::,,-::"ri:li::i':5 *:::l::":t

.x'il;h:t
i:t:;"turerr:,:;:' #l-;f . -. mi.i::: * "*';ili'n "' "

I'rePrinL2g30
'
,,.\. ,r.: hou in4 ro r(esi t cv'lonc 1:"1 ;'l^'"""
rcs iFs s!J.on'
il'"'il:"";:,il'.:
l
i;,,;
in No'
,'":
r' ".' ;; 'vcron'
i" Liu l
'rto""'r
.,,. \: r.dL, , ion o, ,il, ,o' ;:;."1::""::::,,,i; il;j,i;:; ":"
iliiiJ:.:;; r"-r,,'i."1 ril:',:tw'.
a,rrrsrJucEiun, ArsLr:rrrr' ' " '
,, .,,,,ir..,,re . :., "r, r::llll
", !, ,
:",:'" l;":;;l;;.:: ' "';"i.''ili.' ;"illi
.p.: ;ll
l-'1,,.;,
i.,'nt..t rurl's l:Lnres Lorrr ! l,
'\'
',,,. nr-;i;, . :,,;' " i "l:':-*ll ,' i, , ,,11,-' '"""
: .,: ;', :' ' -' .a ?' ',';l 'i,' "" " :". ;),.
 Il r rigl 0f Buildings for High Winds

ersity
19i8. icyclone Construction
Seninar,,
Town:rvil1e, North Queensland,

1, . ,';;1 I '.:l:;i. "i ;:i, Jij,l" Jl.;,,,:';;':i .;J,l'::j"ij"::;]"^"

nus cook unlvcrslry
r.r
i,ll:lil:iill.' "r'"i",.-q,;.""i";;;';.#J,i.",
l)jrverporr,,1.,.., Vicker.v. U..I-
rr"ur'o'*'n'.'i ;i';;;;';i'"i;;';.":1!9:in' ll't' : "rhe structural an'r
, .";;;.- ;;;""h ;;;' :: j:,lT:,
;:"::::.#fiJ"i"lj:::lH:",r,,:;:i:::::i
lirron, K.J,: ,'Win.i Effecrs o,
oi th; 4rh proced,nss
",..,".ir."1i-ii";1.il:l:{5:.i::":.i;;;:,."'
lu Eern3r i,rnal Cooference oD Fi
;;::j;i3 :"::i"li:;"iri:[;rt:r"i:i:it:;r.,.F;.":tijIi i;t; ijllfft,",
Foundatron and un{verslty
r;,.i"""rrr.,."i.=iiur,i,l]i.".,""." of Flortda,
IiliSlCN'!!'Ii,r, VE|O'riIES

lrLrreau .rI ll:ieorJtcEt. :,?.rstral

t'relr,olnary eJrii."l' js;r1"" lan rroPlcal cvcfone Forecasiins }ta4ual'
Colenan, tr. :',FrequeDcies. Tract IntcnsrrLes or lroJI"r .vcrones
gh
rn rhe ;;;i;;: i;;;l'"*
-1964" lvl'teoroloeL'al surm3rv, Bureau
^usrr.r;";t9l2-
or r'reLedrotosy.
R.s.:^ ',rrupicar Lyctones jn rtre AusrraLian
l,:::"1",1
Leov ro June. to/5,' 14ereorolo-r",r sunnjrv, Reeion.. JLlv
of _ Ii:-:.":E I -,
s,,.- -".-'-i.lBur.ru
t9t/- -l.dt ot ffereoro.togy,

illiliji"SiT:,i;i;i.,;:"i;;T Irind cusrs in Ausrralia" Burletln 46,

Itortln, C.S.; ',predicrion of H

tn
ji::im:: i'""i::i::,i:,.";:J::,T.tiiJ:: :;.i:'.ir.H:l:;1.",
itive
Cones, L., Vicke.y, 8..I.: ,,0n Lhe predictiol
of Tropical Cycloee
crst speeds ?11ons rhe Norrheh Alrsrra1i"" c.",i;
sydncy schoot of civil Ensineer;"g r""."."t -n.p. il;;,";;;;-
,, ;;;;:'i;il,"
nusse11, L.R. : r'?robabiliry DistrlbLrions
J. warways Harbour Divisio;. Anerrican for ]rurricane itflecrs,,
Society of Civil nrgineer.s,
,t, w\t1l . 1911 .

D,rxter, t,I., Ne:rl, A.B,: ,,A Troptcal Cyclone Severlry

Incte_{ and its
Al l'.'i..rio, in ". \r.rr li.,,*ftor,,, Bur:eau oI Ueteoroloey,
( ScLcdul rd lo. 197g.
|,rLliraLinll].
, 1979

llla nua I
 Sri Lanka

a-2.2 DESrcli l,ltNl vElocrTllis (cont'd)

(;oldma , 1.1,., and Lrshijjfl3' T': "lecrease i Hur:ricane Winds
Structural
af ter Lan(lIafl" Ancr ican So.:ictv of Cjvil Engineers
Tlivision, Januar)', I 974.
8,2.1 WIND IRXSSURES ON S:IRUCTURI]S

Cernak, J.E. , Drher ' K.J.: "litnd ?resstLres orr a House Roof" Proc,
U. S.-JaPan Resear:ch Seminar: on l,iind Effects on Structures, Kyoto,
Japan, 19 74.
Davenport, A.C.: "The ApPlication of Statisiical Concepis to thc wind
Loading of Str:uctures" Pr:oc' lnstitule Civil Engineer:ing'
VoLune 87, 1.961'

Davenport, A.c., Sur:rv, D.J' "TlLe Pressures on l-o' Rise Str:uctures

l" r".l"l."a wind" Proc. Canadian Sttuctural Conference, 1974'
Davenpor!, A.G.: "Per.speclives on Iu11 Scale Vind nffects" Journal
ot rnd.rstriar Aer.o.lyEanics, Volune 1, no' 1, pP 23-54' June' 1975'
Davenpor:t, A.C-, Surry, D,, StathoPoulos' T': "l'Jind Loads on ]'ow
ri"" i"irii"g" : rinal neport of Phases I and Ir" Boundarv Laver
win.l Tunnet : SS8, Urliversitv of western ontarlo' 1977'
I3.Lon, K.J., !lryn!, J.R.: "The l{ea'surenent of Wlnd Pressur3s on
;-,, llouses 3t A-vlesburl'" Btildiag Research nstablislmeni
".".."
(lhited len€dom) curre t PaPer cP 7o114' Julv' 1975'
n.Ltofl- u..r., ya)r. , .1.R., Coo^, N.J.: "!.Jino Loads on Low-Rise
;;iJi"". - EfI;ct' of RooI Geonec:rv" Ruilding Research station
fu"i."a"ri"ga..l current PaPer cP 1/76, Janusrv' 1976'

Holnes. J.Lr.: "llea and tr Luctuating Inter:nal Press ies fnduced by Llndrl
wi"l o""1""..i"g Report 5/78, Janes Cook Univers:itv' Queensland'
Australia, Decenber, 1978 '
Jancauskas, E.D., sliarp, ]].B' "wind Loading on the Roof of a
lov Rise
;;;; " 6ttr Austr.alasian Hvdraulics and rluid Mechanics
"';".
Conlercnce, Adelaide' llccember' 1977 '
.lenson, M.: "The }lode1 I-aL/ for Structures in the Natural Wind"
i"g."j"..", InLer.national Editjon, Volume 2' 1958'
Jcnsen, I1., Fralck, I.: "Mode1-Sca1e Tests in lurb'r1enl wind' Parts
i-."Jit" rLre DarlislL rechnical Press, copenhagen' 1965'

M.rrsha11, R.D : "A Sludv oI Wind tressllres on a Single rf€ri1v Dlrellins

i"'ii".i.i'-la !'1111 5ica1c" NaLionaL Bureau of standards' u's DePr- of
Conuerce, NSB T.'ch. ' Note 852' October' i974'

Petcrk;r, .i.A., Cermal<, T.L': "l"riDd lressures on lluildings - Probabilill

;;;"1;;;"ii .r. sr'".i"."r Division, American societv of civil Ensineers'
u.i,*. rol , No. sT6' r'roceeilinss Paper ll37l' Jtrne' 1975'

f"*;"', m'**"fl
Sri Lanka Dctilirr {l Buitdin&-;l,tsl, Wi",,,
ly.t':t
i,lt1j t1)i! lj

( ]]I:J ]IiiNC]'S
AIrD J]I]]I,IOI]ILAPIJY

lr ljrIRiiNclts

lli:;::i'.:'.1:';j;il:::*il';..i:::i.s dnd construc,ion, sri

';,,;;- ;:j;: r-anka

ii;,"'',''"" ';;'- ^l:l'::;,i":;;l " ",1;lj:[,

J;;l:;", i , i;. ll: .;,;.1 i';.,-r..ft. n.A.: ,,inprnvptr-n, or
ir,i:r- ;.' ;:,;rrrrti:.,.tt=i,,,
;,i,*i,,t= ;:l:iii"'
Xli5""ti;.i; i;; .:k*. 1.ff : "^::.::L:1";"::i :.il,;,, Darwin

,'i-l:.',,;; iiiiij ,i;1"; n"l;,:, ',y,' -, di.,d prps ,,, on

::'i;: ;'; :"":i;;: :;l"j:jin l:j:;ir;i, ijijij,i:1":: lt::;,"

i;ii; ;,,;:;'".'r"',' I":"1.::::fl :i.;",;lJ::,;T":l::.::,,::,.H:
ji ,- ,, ;:,' "l '';,.;";. "l_:i";";::":;" it,:. ,;.";:i:".
i",;I'1.":t. ;.,:"T:_.:;;i::: ;:;"*l;;.:"li"il:l; :lt.;;i,,
l. llefbo' ri p, .|.: ,,kecenL ",,
Htnd
1 ;r; t', :: . i:; i j;"" lijjr l!: :".'j:,"- r'f :i j ::; l: :i;:t li:;i;;
:j'::",;:, . ,ll, i.v sio,r ,r ^inJ ,u,d
" ^ii]; ,o'i:..,"n
:i ,':, eii;;r^lt;';:ll"ij;:;: l; lli ''r,'1"1.^0.
9. ^:li;i"itfll
i.';',il':":-i;;;:',,,"",1;1":;;;:;.:,";:::.fi
;*::,i::,il""_i:r
lo.
j:11 llui idi0g,' . ,,.,
. l'erLr r. hr.\-R-: "srruLLur
,
";,."" .
I
:"::":: ;l,lj''*
lt. . . ri .rlj, r.\.: .,,.strn
' ' i li \r,rnjl trtrr: t,)l
, t 1,. \, 1.,r. Ln( .\\c.,..J.r
t919. ,,,., ,"f i,,,,,.",
ity
tl 1,,,. ri,,L. it,r,.rr.rt- r),1 I'lrlllftn
i.r. rcri,,l in Sr j I rrk. ,,
tr)r.cvr l,|j,,
, 'rLr , r,cs i .r Inr r. ,jr jrr ',,.,I1..,t Ar ,Jrt.r,,, Lr .r I j.,llrk-,
'r

:,, ", ], ' rL L l

'rrt v.,1,rr,,, l. {i,rri,,l{rr,IJltr o1
'1!ctr.r/r 1, ti) l
8,1 RIIIRENCES {conlid)
(Australia)
13, Uc],aughlln, A.: Private ccfindnication' John l-ysaght Pertl
,\1
'iimited to Richard i'tenoom & Associates ?ty' I-td"
I'otr"fiu, Febrtary 15, 1979 '
14. Experi ental Building station: "Guidelines for the Testing and
Evaluation of ?roducts ror Cyclone_trone
Areas" Technical
Experimental Buiidins station' DePartment or
i".;;;";;;'
ion"'t.,t"tioo' Australia' 1978'
'15. BTitish Standards Institute: "Croiie of BasicDead Data foi-the Design
r-oadine ' Part l and lmposed
oI Bui Ldings cnapter v' ei ipi chapter ' v: ParE t:1q67'
ii"i. "ir..i-ir''" "*o' '
16. "Code of Basic Data for-the
Britlsh Stan'lar'ls Inslicute: u-'-it"a
Desisn of Buildings' *tpitl: ng : Pbrt 2' wlnd loads"
t.i."cr', , chaPLer v I Part 2' 1q72 -
"The StrucruraL Use of Timber"
1t- British Standards InsLiLute:
o".a Z. tl.r.t. UnjLs' B'S' CP t' ParL 2'
or Austra-Lia: "Loading code: Part 3 _
18. Standards Asso'jation
standards Assoc-Lat Lon of AusE16lia' AS
1170
;;;;-i.t..""'
P^rt: 2' 1915.
rs- Slandards "o"Associarion or Ausrralla: "SAA Tl_Dher EogjIlee'rrng
7120 - 1g1" standarcls Associatlon
oL Auslraria'
;;;';
Code"
20, Srandards Assocjation of,AusLralia: "SAA CLass lnsLa-LIafion 1'
As 1288' ?arts 2 and
As 1288 : 1973- (Recentr; '"pt'""a"a bv
L l9 /9) .
2I. Neuberry. C.lJ', Faton' K'J': '\'li nd Loading Handbool'" BuLIdjng
Research !stablishnenr l\eport' DepartmenF
of the tnvj ron'ment
United Kilgdom' 1974
 Dotlgn 0l Buildings tor Hish Winds
At t,r''tJt.lt I

'j'llc NtCAl, cr)N1.liNl, 0ti DIisrcN ITANUAL

ia)
,\1,l r; tNlitilt,

ll.rls I)csi$r MnLljlll t)n6 bcnn prcparcrJ as a self contained

wi ll assisL dosl)rners .i varlin,:i levcls of technical .*p".ii"" documenr lrhic
or pfororr ion sLrucrrlrros \^'rrlci) r''i l1 lrnvo an adequate .o o."t
ran(:c to wind iords likcty to b(: experlernced in tle vario.s a"gr." .i ,..i"_
Sri l,anka. ."gro.,. of

'l: -Je\ r H. tLlt\

'lhis m.n!al. is bascd on the varioL,s recomnendarions
r.1 rl :r\crnFe|,, of tho lllnisrry or
'^ r"i.rr , r.l Corsl ru, rion ConmttLc{. o ,.tesicn
constrrcrion.and R.sutaLions For nuitdines 1. th. a;.i;,,"-;;.i.'o.","
of Sri Lankarr (ref, t) .

The design \rincivelocities used throughour are those recomended for

adoption in Sri Lanka by the Senrinar ;n ,,Construcrion
1..""..O-
ness in cyclone prone Areas of sri Lanka,,, ,"",".r-igaOl"".r"ii".a
""0
by the inisrry of Local covernmenE, itousing ancl Conscrucrion
associarion wirh LrNDp, rhe Ausrralian coveriment ,"J- itr
Foundation Ins!i!ute. in"-s-.i' I-j"o.

TABLE A1 _i Baslc Wind S

Code" Zo\e Nornal

MPH }IPH
and
I r20 t 10
2 105 95
t] B5 75

I)I1S lGN LOADS

Varlous op t ions are given for determlninA 1'iod ]oads dead loads aod
other inposed loads 'l hese iDclude:
t.ts.t of tr.S. (pl - a.11, V- L.arl: I
r!:r .f .:.:1t tt1:i tlrt: ,taLt , l.J, t,a.t( r_r)

rsr' of a,S, r:pt - t:h v pat I: .r

Lr.sc,)/ /)e:Jr'./n tr)1,t tiit)t,.:: itj :i,,.tit,tj I
tttt' .t rt,.! t)t Jl,l, :t r):ttttt..,t i.rtr ,1,^t tittl
.ti t t itjtl / )l tl)i:t rtjt)tr jl

it$qgry'l
 Sri Lanka

rr uItliil l-orns (.r' t ' l J

bee. de:ii ltnet'l tlsinq Lhe 'lesiqi

ir .'rect;on 'l )
S CPI - Ct)
i]rlrer irrt.rr'd jo'rds - us'r ct- B
qD
I \. 1'D 'd
r " ' ::1. .,:ll,l::: i: ;.1' I l':
:
,,-: , ' .oJl ":' ' , ll": ":,,':l
ir il,l :; o,':"'-
r,, -r."ra oil
.-rs.
r'riJ,
.. ,,. ...i '" :,:,,' , , J a widp o'
c,,.. ;r i " :i:: ,',"* ".,." ,F,, 1,,J .iaol;ri.., io,.s
"..1 ,, 1f thL ruLee-rr ' cnqt
d.si;1F1_
h,v. rL.r,l I e nl'rc
r trLe r'ij 1,r Desisn '; ":
r'ord rabLes, in ::::::: .1,?: il;:.::"::il.::::: :fit"
' -o:iur.r". ;. dcsien uf"::';
i:, ) l: ; ":
rave aLrcady beerl taKeI's.:.]
rechnicar q!atiricatio
'"."1:'.:':::'.
':'" '"::-;h: orthod.a.:." ro::
':: :l:: :: ;;; ". oossitle tt'e ',e'd Ior
::::":::1.:ili::1";i:"1:.i:"T-;;i"i-:::
j::;.":::,'::;:.::; ::,"::::l:: :x.[;'.:..:".
::;;,.::il;"
'Irl-' i::
:;:':::::i-.j"::::::::.:";,';;i;'i:l ::::.:::"":;"H."::il::
a*ion'
I'l"i, I ''uro' r:.,::::::.:i.wind
^''I
,rirjj, iJirr r. o, ac,v:,ifi,sr:::]:1"":-,:l^:.:i.::'i:r;'::;::,.i.1;:::::
i,r,'.tt r., t.rrs :]!d draf''ssei'
modiricilions
rhe tables are based .'' l:..lll'"; ll;J ..,llii,l;rXith
6lrer.r ne(r:ssarY to removc arc:}s
,^,,. , 1 ,, io s ,d, ::ll"l";l: ,1": ,,r:; :";::i,r ; ""
' "'ll ":.^,. -,".rsLr,J.
-,.r.tLrv. 'ur ^:r'l
l,,iILljnc'.
',":l'"::^ I ill'i II" r:"r;;l')"' ':lI'
'Li,
tht
'r"

, rdl

Al,5 ! E.s-!ql! t' LO qi:!! !1!

J . ,. r- l r, t .::',, ;" 1 ,1. It" ]r:; "i":,. :'
i,,nF Jc'ii<nrrLq P
.,Ijre n!rl udr
'ut h rhe
.,,Lc ,irsL oc,Li,o,, jrrr'1v.e-
srrf.r!r!1 ,,ystei .rnd
:T
l^..1:'li:j'i:'..:i.::'iil-,.11i,,,.".."
'r.i.,"r-.,,11.,,. codF .t I r1r rice or
r" 't'.::,:l'l
I t
.
s,i lrnL i I L''lelr {ri rt's' '
1,.,1 ,,r sYst' tr''
",,tr,i
.,,,1";
" : I l'' 'J:
,.1
,."i::,ltl;:i..,iltl:{:::il'r::.:i:,, :, . "l
:.:r.t it,,
, .rr1,'!i:rlr"l lir:;'rl of 'f'r''rr: ";,;;lr::
 At ,5 DFS JL;\ PROCELJURIIS (,ront'd)
The third mcrhod invotvcG use of "deencd ro corDpty,t d.:rnlLr
1'lltrlr
involve some degrec of simplificat:ion and, rher;f;re, consrrvut liilr,
Use of these details alto's s:fr
expericnced persons. As .'.". ;.:'::i:::;".:;"':.';:i:"::.'l-J:::,..,
no allowance is Dade for rhe effects of dcad toad or other inrposaa
Loads. However, as rhese are normatly of opposite siAn to r.,ina road,
srtaty of a coovcnrionat srrrrcLL,re i",,"fit"iy ro be;ffectcd bv thls-
COT1PATIBI L,]'I'Y

All proc.d ores irl the prece.ling Secrions A1-l to A1_5 are coop3tible.
As a rcsulr it is quiet permi.ssable to desiSo parr of
Li sins onc Eerhod and other parts in a differcnr toay,
For exaople, cladding, rcepers and rafrers may be designcd using the
\',.or:bl- -,di,. i1 sp,.t t.n /, w\il, trusses and
lsing Lhe Loading Tables in Secrton 4, 'alLs ara desi8ned
Lt.7 ]]ESICN LOADING T BLES (SECTION 4) _ DESICN ASSUWTTONS

:\ 1- :. L !li.d
(As per 6.s CPI Chaprcr V, l,11rr 2)

lll = I
trsina S1 = u ity oD all occaslons may result in an rnderesrinario. of
ve locities by aroond 102 in .:ertatn types of hitly rerrain, Hoirever.
taking into account rhe pL'rpose of rhc Design Lranuar and the .tiwerse
ranBe of si tuations rhe loading rablcs cover, rhe above assunprion is
considered ren sonable in
In cases of severc €xposure or elevated poslrions, Secti.on 1a recomnends
that tha dersigr pressures or forccs glverl in the Tabrcs shoutd be
i crcased by "up ro 202". (An increasc of vetociry of :l0Z is equivalent
to a forcc increase ot 202).
52 = As p€rr Table .l

53 = I
(It js assLrned Lirar rhc, sratisLicat frcror is overruted by rhe highcr
ba:Jic !ind vclocir ics scte.t{rd Ior posr-.tisasLer strucrl)reE).

t"2 Ro! !!l1q9.ss (irtcSories

^] .

for the t,Lrrpose ol rhe l)|sitn llanir.t rwo grollrd ro,rghress caregories
irav.r..bccn !nc.l- lhcscr rwo car.:s.rlcs havc hecn defined :s "erposecl,'
:rnd "shrltcre,l". corr!s )of(ljnB ro gro!nd rouahjre:rs I and eroL,.{l
rorilrbn.ss:l r.st)1'.Livflv as dcfin.r.t in Jl.S. ct):1.
ln Jl.S. (lP l. :r.; wiLl) Ari ll7(1. t,art: 2 tlr{. terr.in lras l,u.-n (lividcd
i ,lo l('rr , rrIilir ii,:, r';11 111,1t, lruu I Lrt, otL.n .oL,nrrl (,.areq.irv L) ao
ar{:as {irl) urir.r,,ri, l:rlr,i, ot)iir rLr.t i.n:i (.rrrprory 4).
 Sri Lanka

llESl {lN ASSUM?TlON9 (conl't)

DIJS LCN LOAII N(] rABLL: (i l:r1{l!l'! !l -
lron Iour ro iu' ir1
ih. de.isioi i:' r'(]lr!J th!r nLinber ol' tatellories
il.:;.;";;;";,.ox ..de to Iresisn u'ro r...'" "i" "":',:l:-:*'
Ji'one L'r':
t' - rro' l'
,,.',,' ,"
/jl^b]si.r:eqLlir.mentoftheSinplifie.]Ioadingtab]e5isr}t3!
r' I r' nd s r: rl'_u'r]'
,n rhe sri Lanka conrext ::.1: .'."
i:':::'::.':"tli:"Ji:';;:l:"
suc,essFuJlY i'.o 4 'rrerorrus::";;";";"; shelreied areas and
i"..",.',. be rtrdilv o'l'u:'.:"i:.;i:"i;;.il";-;i
an.1
misinrerpretation.
rtins thl: romenclll ure rhele
1

and to
rii) The Design toadinA Tables
nee{] lo have a re'rrlable forna!
using a "two
r.. ",,..ise' rt was deci'led 'nt"""()"ii-ot best achieved
cat egorY" sYsten'

At,7"l rlgl-E\t

rhe buil dins heisht "rin. has

.jll snroPs llris 'ior ::::.";:.H'"::.:i.il'"iil'i.tl':i!:'"'
, - -,o ,^ - no, en,'.:n"'gli,_:;."
I if';::,::;,;'":;:: i:':[3.:"'::i:":'
,JL,lo-.ndrd roo'. uherF 'r
r.r, a..irn "onsjderarion.
i.s. r-rt ro's r^r mare rnv' :"i::..:, ro.
.i.i:.i.. -: -;-1,'.-
- :"::^ ;,i: "i; sr:-r.:5,r -sc.r.;n J.r;L-ii
L, . J",
)rop^,,:.r
:;,",',-:,".
. i o-n'tt
"' ".t".":,:.,::';
e i' collsrdFrLIH ' :i;:i:;'"#il:;,1'"1.:;::1.,
o! Lr€
..ino l'1:1":--';;-- rhrl
-,irh rhlt
rin' $iLh
.r."I*"t ir3olc lo rJolt i "to'oout' i- '
'"" 'a:
British alode.

Al.7-4 conve rs j on ol l.tind velocily to Dvlamic P!e!:llll:

advantage hjs been taken
'r'. reduce conservatism in this conversion' a cvclone
:; ;;.";".;-;;.; hish winds resulting rrom
where tarometric pressures are
rowest'
:i.':;"';;it:
seE out in 'rable A1 - 2, Page A1 - 5 together
The vdl ues seletLed rrF
\r irlr rh! cquivslent B
s rn'1 Ai)

A1. 7 .5 rnrerual Pre6surl:' cqclll'll!]!!9

cien ts havc on the basis set olt
lit ernal Pres:rurc ..ef fiC1'3 Chapter V' ?art 2. TLe follo'ing assuoPtions
ln Alrpendir E n.s- ''l
re.r srrlrctures zl!?n l.-? : Nornal Struclures
(a)
Zone I

I olrerI:i.ug Ass irnred

' Uominan
U.r (lp:L = +0. 6 Mirr CPi = -0'3

Design lllanual