05 - Learning - Conditioning - Motivation

Revision Questions 05 – Conditioning; Motivation
HLTHPSYC 122
5 - Learning: Conditioning; Motivation (Lec 8, Tut 4)
Revision Questions
Classical Conditioning
1) Which of the following behaviours is most likely to have been acquired through the
process of classical conditioning?
a) blinking when a light shines in your eyes
b) sneezing when an irritant enters your nose cavity
c) wincing when you hear the dentist’s drill
d) falling off your bicycle
2) According to the theory of classical conditioning, an unconditioned stimulus is a stimulus

that elicits a(n) ____________________________.
a) response after being paired with a conditioned stimulus.

b) conditioned response.
c) response after being paired with another stimulus.
d) automatic response.
3) In Pavlov’s ‘salivating dogs’ studies, the salivation triggered by the sound of the bell was
the ________.
a) unconditioned response.
b) unconditioned stimulus.
c) conditioned response.
d) conditioned stimulus.
4) The process by which a conditioned stimulus gradually loses its ability to produce a
conditioned response is called ____________________________.
a) acquisition
b) extinction
c) spontaneous recovery
d) stimulus generalisation
Page 1 of 7
5) For several weeks, Rick had to clean the men’s restroom at the restaurant where he
worked. The task always made him nauseated. He has since gone on to better things,
but still cannot walk by the door to a men’s restroom without becoming slightly queasy.
For Rick, the door to the men’s room has become a(n) _______________________.
a) unconditioned stimulus
b) unconditioned response
c) reflexive stimulus
d) conditioned stimulus
6) Whenever 5-year-old Claire goes to the dentist, she becomes anxious and cries. Since
she was not afraid of the dentist on her first visit, her fear was a learned behaviour. The
unconditioned stimulus in this case was probably ________________________.
a) the pain associated with teeth cleaning.

b) sweet toothpaste.
c) the dentist’s beard.
d) the sound of the music in the dentist’s waiting room.
7) If a white rat is conditioned to produce fear in a child, and soon all white furry animals
are feared by the child, ____________________________ is said to occur.
a) stimulus discrimination
b) stimulus generalisation
c) spontaneous recovery
d) higher-order conditioning
8) Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between a CS and a
UCS when discussing conditioned taste aversions?
a) The delay between the CS and the UCS can be as long as six or even eight hours.
b) The CS must immediately precede the UCS or the conditioning will not take place.
c) The UCS and the CS must be paired together several times for the conditioning to
take place.
d) The CS will lead to a great amount of stimulus generalisation because the UCS will
be similar to many different stimuli.
9) Watson’s experiment with Little Albert demonstrated that _______________ might be

based on classical conditioning.
a) phobias
b) fetishes
c) discrimination
d) inhibitions
Page 2 of 7
10) As a child, Blaine was attacked by a goose and subsequently developed a severe fear of
waterfowl. As he got older, the fear gradually faded until it was all but forgotten. Blaine
is now in his early 20s and recently went strolling through a park by the river where he
came across a flock of geese. The geese gave him a stare, and Blaine experienced a
sudden surge of fear. Blaine’s fear response is an example of _____________________.
a) stimulus discrimination.
b) spontaneous recovery.
c) higher-order conditioning.
d) stimulus generalisation.
Operant Conditioning
11) Punishment can be defined as any outcome presented __________________________.
a) after a specific behaviour that increases the likelihood of the behaviour reoccurring
b) after a specific behaviour that decreases the likelihood of the behaviour reoccurring
c) before a specific behaviour that increases the likelihood of the behaviour
reoccurring
d) before a specific behaviour that decreases the likelihood of the behaviour
reoccurring
12) In operant conditioning, when a stimulus is removed from a person or animal, resulting
in a decrease in the probability of response, it is known as ________.
a) positive punishment.
b) punishing reinforcement.
c) negative punishment.
d) negative reinforcement.
13) Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?
a) Giving a child candy for completing their homework

b) Removing a child’s chores when he or she complete homework
c) Allowing students homework passes if they work hard during class
d) Taking away privileges if a child does not follow classroom rules
14) A negative reinforcer is an unpleasant stimulus that is ________ and therefore ________
the probability of a response.
a) presented; increases
b) removed; increases
c) presented; decreases
d) removed; decreases
Page 3 of 7
15) According to __________________________ theory, learning is controlled by the

consequences of an organism’s behaviour.
a) cognitive learning
b) operant conditioning
c) observational learning
d) classical conditioning
16) Omar and Patrick sell magazine subscriptions by telephone. Omar is paid $1.00 for
every five calls he makes, while Patrick is paid $1.00 for every subscription he sells.
Omar is paid on a ________ schedule while Patrick is paid on a ________ schedule.
a) variable ratio; fixed ratio

b) fixed ratio; variable ratio
c) fixed ratio; fixed interval
d) fixed ratio; variable interval
17) Which schedule of reinforcement is being used if a student’s final grade improves one
letter grade for every three books read?
a) Fixed interval
b) Fixed ratio
c) Variable interval
d) Variable ratio
18) Which of the partial schedules produces the highest rates of responding?
a) Fixed interval
b) Fixed ratio
c) Variable interval
d) Variable ratio
19) Julie is expected to mow the lawn weekly. Her parents only give her money once in a
while after she mows the lawn. Julie is being conditioned using a ___________________
schedule of reinforcement.
a) continuous
b) partial
c) variable ratio
d) fixed ratio
Page 4 of 7
20) Learned behaviour is less prone to extinction if it is conditioned by _________________

reinforcement.
a) partial
b) negative
c) delayed
d) continuous
21) __________________ is an operant-conditioning procedure in which actions are

reinforced as they get closer and closer to a particular target behaviour.
a) Shaping
b) Spontaneous recovery
c) Stimulus generalisation
d) Stimulus discrimination
22) When Bobby is hungry, tired and thirsty, he resolves this by getting food, water and
sleep. These are examples of ________________________ reinforcement.
a) primary
b) secondary
c) intermittent
d) partial
23) Token economies are reinforcement-based strategies that use points, tokens and chips
as ____________________________ reinforcers.
a) secondary
b) primary
c) Negative
d) neutral
24) Which statement is true of token economies?
a) Token economies work best when conditioning behaviour over short periods of time.
b) Token economies work effectively when transferring behaviours learned in an
institutional setting to the outside world.
c) Token economies have proven to be ineffective when used with those suffering from
mental illness.
d) Token economies have proven to be effective in conditioning behaviour in hospitals,
group homes and juvenile detention centres.
Page 5 of 7
25) Bob has learned that he can usually get what he wants from his parents if he keeps
whining for something. One day Bob starts whining in the toy store because he wants a
G.I. Joe action figure. His father refuses to give it to him and ignores his whining. What
will happen?
a) Generalisation
b) Extinction
c) Spontaneous recovery
d) Negative reinforcement
Motivation
26) When we are motivated to do something, _________________________ propel us in

specific directions.
a) wants and needs

b) thoughts and feelings
c) behaviours and emotions
d) energy and flow
27) Some evidence exists suggesting that rewards may _____________________ intrinsic
motivation.
a) reinforce
b) not affect
c) undermine
d) bolster
28) Which need would be at the base of the pyramid in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
a) Self-actualisation
b) Belonging
c) Safety
d) Food
29) Which of these is the correct sequence of Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs from
the most basic at the base of the pyramid to the highest?
a) Physiological, safety, belonging, esteem, self-actualisation

b) Esteem, safety, self-actualisation, belonging, physiological
c) Safety, self-actualisation, belonging, esteem, physiological
d) Safety, physiological, esteem, belonging, self-actualisation
Page 6 of 7
30) Some research has found that attaching an external reward to a task can cause children
to lose their intrinsic motivation to complete that task. Other research, however, has not
consistently come up with the same findings. This is a problem for which principle of
critical thinking?
a) Falsifiability
b) Replicability
c) Ruling out rival hypotheses
d) Correlation versus causation
Page 7 of 7

05 - Learning - Conditioning - Motivation

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

05 - Learning - Conditioning - Motivation

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Revision Questions 05 – Conditioning; Motivation

2) According to the theory of classical conditioning, an unconditioned stimulus is a stimulus

a) response after being paired with a conditioned stimulus.

a) the pain associated with teeth cleaning.

9) Watson’s experiment with Little Albert demonstrated that _______________ might be

11) Punishment can be defined as any outcome presented __________________________.

13) Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?

a) Giving a child candy for completing their homework

15) According to __________________________ theory, learning is controlled by the

a) variable ratio; fixed ratio

20) Learned behaviour is less prone to extinction if it is conditioned by _________________

21) __________________ is an operant-conditioning procedure in which actions are

24) Which statement is true of token economies?

26) When we are motivated to do something, _________________________ propel us in

a) wants and needs

a) Physiological, safety, belonging, esteem, self-actualisation

You might also like