Unit 4, Pharmaceutcal Inorganic Chemistry, B Pharmacy 1st Sem, Carewell Pharma

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MISCELLAN EOUS
ONIT-4 (oMP0UNDS
A
• SYLLABUS:
M
Expe coravts - Potassjum lodide, Ammorjum cWoride
-
EmeHes Copper Sulphae, odium tataat
R
potassium
-
taenatinics ferous suphate, ferrous gyconake
A
Poison Anidot - Sodium thiosulphae*, ctivaed charcoal,
,
Astringents - Zine slphae
H
Potash
P Alum. Sodium oitik
ExPECTORANTS
LL
. which
These those agents /drugs UGed to
aeKpel sputum_ (mucus + cdl debris + toreiqn partidea) trom
E
the respirafory ttact and (hel ps

teatment of
CovQh.
W
STracha, wid
E
pipr
peorants
R
(protecive Cough to
A
refiex) imiation Blockac dean tyoat

C
(muws)
Move
toad -ttacha
, cough event ths
By lysis
(ou eapulsion (romOva) treat ough
Ry dilutng of sputum T
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Page 1 of 16
.Those agents USed o clea thick mUcUs from -the

jespiralory toct Including lungs. Dronchi and tacha and
A
prouiding relief from respiratory troct disorders.
M
:
classifiahion
on ,
Based
te medanlsm
R
of action it is mainly classfied
types -
into tuo
A
0
Seretion Enhan cers They mainl qive heir funcion by
H
inueasing te bronchjal secreion of
f mCUS,
whch dilukt the sputum and helps in its removal
P
most
, .
(eg Guai fenesin comMon), vjsco city D Movements
Potassiun lodide and Ammonjum CNoride*

LL
>
Mucolies They mainly qive tneir ocion bu
by breaking of
mUUs and reduc ik viscosity.

the
E
e. Bromhexino. Ambroxol e-.

W
TPoTASSIUM \ODIDE
E
:
Moleculoar formul kI
R
Molecula Weight : 166 g/mol

A
Method of eparotion
by treaing potassium bicarbonak with
C
pepared
hyd rogen iodide, whidh rsulhs in he for motion of kI.
kHO3 HI kI + th0 t C0 2
tlyd rogen Potassium

Potassium
biasbonate iodide jodide
Page 2 of 16
0 IE is also propared by treating hot aqeous solution of

Pota ssjum hydroxide
hydroxide with iodine.
J
A
2 I<0H + KI + kI0 + to
M
Properties
R
an odourless, transporent wih salin bitter tast
Soluble alohol water and glycerjnd.
A
It is hygvoscople In natUre.
H
P
is Used expectotants
aso Used as Of pota ssium and
SOUrce lodin
LL
.It is olso 0ct eaqent in pharm0cy
AMMONIUM CHORIDE
E
Molecula formula : NHyI

W
:
Molecular weiqht S3.o gm/nol
E
Method of preparotion :
R
prepored by neutrlizing ammonia wit HU, then

is evaporafed and dy ammonjum c
chloride obajnnd.
Solution
A
NHyCI
C
Hydrocaonc -AmmoniUm
Amnona cNorida
add
sulpbake wih Sodium

•
It s also produa by heahng amonia
chloride
(NH), soy +
2Na
Page 3 of 16
Properties:
colorless ,
(whit (qstallina /coUYÇA
powder.
A
•
It s odoulgs wj th saliw taste.
•
|t s freely soluble in Water ard qlycorins
,
but sparingly
M
Soluble In olcohol.
slighy hygvos copic.
R
Reochions NHy CI + 2th0
A
Assay:
H
,
(umentl . ad-bosA titalion is
P prekered for th assay
Of ammOnUM CNorido
0.N NaoH
ight o.tam oF NHyc)
LL
dissolve in 20 m
of t0.
Now, add mixture of
previously neutrallzad formaldehyde
E
solutan (s m) indicatot
for two minutes.
W
sfand by
Now. titated
titracd agoinst o4 N NaoH olution, usin phenolphthalein
indiator.
E
End pojnt is the apparance pale ( pink colot.

R
fac of 0. N
NaoH 6.
00S?49 gm
f NHyd
A
Usee
C
is USed expectoran
•
lt s also (acidifiers) to maintan acid- basa balana.
diurehies.
sfored in hiqhly closd

closod conainer.
Page 4 of 16
EMETICS
thosa drucjs whjch helps in emptying th
A
somach by induing vomiting.
M
drugs which indvce Vomiting
These those
(emesii,
Vomiting is ne -foroful expulsion (out) of gastvic content
R
the body through Moutn.
from
of :
A
They Mainly in Casa -
- poisoning
oveYdose of any dnyqs
H
Adversu
P
effets
- wroDg medicationg. et..
LL
Mechanjsm:
•They remove fiuids fiom respiraory tract by
E
diecHy stimulahng $evehon vespirotory tact, hoi't why

thad's
pepasotion of supup.
Used in ugh
W
stimulates cumorecaptor tigger 20n (<r2)

0 Emetic
oblangote, which stimulates vomiting cetk (v
E
Pre sert in Madulla

vomiting
. mouphina digitals ee..
and indvo
R
move mt
By iituing t Git, which (ntase
A
zinc sulphat, Coppu sulphott sodium CWoride ek

C
C
Charocteristics :
should be Don- imitant

Non- intetacive with othw drus
Short ONset of action.
Page 5 of 16
Examples : Copper sulphake Sodivm potassivm artarate
CoPPER SUL PHATE*
A
It is present hydro forn and also knoun
M
blue vittiol.
•Molecular formua: CsOy. 5t50

. Mole cular Weiqh
R
:
IS9.6 9/ mol
A
Method of preparation:
cupric carbonak
H
pre pared by dis sotving
dil. thso
P
Coppoy
dil. Sulphuic
LL
(uprie arbonale sulphoe
Can also be pre pared by th eaction Of

E
sulphuric ocid In the peAnu Of ar.

qhan ulated Copper and
W
(O2
+ 2sOy
Copper Sulphuric acid Copp! Solphate.
E
Properties
R
colo powders.
0CUrs deep blue yctls blug
A
odourless
is Soluble (n.
in, water and insolvble n alcohol.
C
and potassivM iodida Feocs toqethe

ReactionS Coppu sulphat
.
to fom unsfabl cupe iodide
24s04
Page 6 of 16
AssAY :
A suitable amount of copper sulphale is weighed and
dissolved in water.
A
KI and acatic ad ave
addd in this solution.
M
Now, iodin( ( 1)) is obtoined wich is then titrated with
sfondard Sodium tnjosulphate solutlon, using starch as an indiaor
.
Tittation Cotinuts util t blue color disapprars.
R
A
Uses:
USed aS emetics
H
•1t is olso astrinqent and a fungiclde.
P
SODIUM POTASSIuM TARTARA1E
also knon as to chelle Salt.

LL
• Molecular formula : yH, NakDe

Molecula ueigt 0.1S2 g/mol
E
Method of preparati on?

be prepared by neutralising a solvtion of sodium
W
Carbonat with potassjum bitartate.

+
co3-th0 + 6t,0 2kNaCy Hyo6.4+H0 6co1
E
kHqHyO6 + Na,
R
Properties:
whie /colorless cnstallinu poder.
A
Uses?
0dourless
C
Saline taste. Used aS emetics

as Salin catharttcs
soluble in water also vsed
USed
Insoluble in adcohol.
Page 7 of 16
HAEMATINICS
A
.These those dyqs o
agnts which ore Used to
M
Increaco the Concertrotion Hoemoqlobin (Hb) ot iron
of
jn blood
R
Ihey are baslcally uced in the reatment of angemia
an
Iron- deficienc aemia
A
These aqents mainly used for th formatjon of
H
blood.
•
Ange mia) is Condition derea sod amount of
P
Of
haemoglo bin / blood body, o majnly loss of RgCs
COverk detas in
LL
In
CaUSeS
- Blood loss (acute (chronic). trauma, haem horhage ek-.

E
- Decreasu in (RB) formahon.

W
Examples: ferrous sulphate ferous qlyconate elt..

E
SULPHATE
R
fERRoUS
haematic and Contain 202) fe.. It \s also
.Itlt is Used as
A
qreen vitriol.
C
fe soy. 740
Molecular -formula :
Molecular weigut : 18 q/mol
:
Preparolion
It is pre paed by tteating iron witn dil. sulNhuic
Page 8 of 16
acid, whjch foms

forms ferrous sulphate and liberotd t qas.
fe + tysoy fesOy t+,?

fervous sulphae
A
Tron Sulphuric oad
also prepased exposed to
M
when iron Pyrites
and mojsure.
R
Iron disulphide oxygen water fevous culphate
A
Properties :
pale, blush (green cstals

H or qranules.
P
•
It is odouress biter saljn taste.
soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol.
LL
:
Chenicol reactions
On heating. it de composed into sulphur dioxide, sulphur trioxíde

fervic ôxide Salts.
E
and
fesoy
W
As souy:
E
as say
IF is by redox reocion
gm weiqhed and dissol ved in
•1 of ferroUs sulphae ic
R
Q0 m of dil. tyso t a0 Vsed as indicoto in tis.

titratd witn 0.1 N kMnOy,
A
The resultant Is
olution
+ fe, (sou), + 4Ho
2eSOy + 21cMnOy + 4HSo k,soy + 2Mnsoy
C
USed as hae mati ncs
aso Usad fo treating angeja ( irn- deficienc

angemja).
Page 9 of 16
fERROUS GLUCONATE
Molecular formula : 42ty,fOy. 2Hho
A
Mole : 432-18 q/~
ulat weiqht
It (ontajns about (12%.)e (iron)
M
Method of peparation :
R
feroUS Cavbonak is heated with suitable
freshly prepared
(oncovration of alvconc aád in ag. solvtion to prodvu
A
ferrous qluconae.
H 40 +
2 CO,T
C2tl22Oy.ff+
Gluconjc -fetrous alvconote
P
fereus ad
aronate
s:
LL
Propertie
is yellowish qrey powder

It
•
SUgar odour.
have burnt
E
in cold water and nsoluble tn alcohol.

It is soluble
W
• s formulated in tablet dogge form In CasQ of

It
E
Yon defiency angemia.

elixir form
R
is also Uçod
It
haematindes.
A
C
Page 10 of 16
POISON AND ANIDOI

.
A
Poison any cause
is subsfance that llress in bod or
eves Cause death affer administration in body.
M
Poison is agministered due to
0 ntentional when SometiM people admir'sfeved it
R
to ham himself/hoself.
A
D uninentional Sohtime people odministesed
't wlthou
knouing
ir hasmful etkct, arideutly ,oierdoss ck!
Symptomg:
H
P
Ee Breatning Problem
Decreased heart yae

LL
Dilated pupils
•
Vonitinq. Diashoea
E
ANTID0TES
W
Those those agens or substancos which ate Used to

E
neutialjze the effect of (poison)
hose sUbstances mainly Usecl in the eatment of

R
poisering
A
Classifkotion /Types :
C
On thQ basis of chanism cf aciton, dacsified jnto three otegorje:
O Mecnoanical Avtidoles
Pryciologiel Antidotes
)
() ChenCal Antidotfs
Page 11 of 16
O Mecharical Antidctes:
Thesa those ontidotes wich prevent th

jnto thu body.
obsorbed
A
poison from getting
activatd chacoal
M
Phyciologial Atidokes :
artidotes which procuco tu
R
"hosa
opposike /eversa effect of poi son.
A
Sodijum Nitrite
H
() Chomical Aidofes:
wNch
alrlonge
Theso thoso
P vtidoe
the chemia! nature Of poison, which Convert
inactive harml@ss Compound.
LL
poi Son ino

Sodium tniosulphae.
E
MECHANISM: eg. Cyanide poisoninq.

W
Normally, during celulot espirahion colle take

from the help Of
OF enzyme aytochiom! onjdse
blood with
E
wjth the help Of O qenrak ATP, Enugy:

(Hbo
R
ANTIDOTE (Colls
Sodjum
O:+ CytochromM
Methenoqlobin stop
A
Oxidase <fe
Hb
Nitrite tespirotiay
(NaNo) 9enerat
Methe noglobin -CN (ATP CN
C
(Sodium ujphade)
Thios without Oxygen
(seN rhiocgaoei)
Antidote
Coll deah
body
water Soluble .if. ecred
reed through (urine
deat
Page 12 of 16
, charceal.
Exampls Sodjum thioçul phae * tciofed
SODIUM THIOSULPHATE
A
It is also known Sodium hyposulphate. It conajns
M
0ot more than l00.S7..
leSs than 992 and
.
Molecular formula : Na,S, Oz 5 H0
R
Molecular Welght 248.18 q/mol
A
Method of preparation:
treating Sodium sul phit Soluion
H
Can be prepated by
boiled powdered sulphur.
with
P
Na, S0
Sodium sulphik sulphu! Sodium thiosulphae
LL
Can also be pre pared by passing sulphur dio ide

into sodium sulphide soluhion.
E
sulphur
2Na,s + 3 S02
W
Sodium sulphide Sulphur diaide Sodium nlosu phake
Properties :
E
alorless
, ttans parent castals having a biter salky taste.
R
is Solublo in water and insolube alcohol.

A
Chemi cal reaction:

sedjum
C
produce iodide
reduing, it and Sodium
tetratrionae
2Nal +
NazsyOe
Todina
Page 13 of 16
Assay:
•It is assauyed by redon itration
A
Take about dried Sodium thiosulphat.
Dissolued in t 20 m
f water
M
The roçultant geluion is
titrated with 0. N iodino olution
USing storh indicator
R
titrohon Unil blue cdor of soluton di:appears..
A
m
foch of 01N loding =
Uses:
• Used in tne treatment of cyarnide
yanide H pcisoning uith sodium nitrik.
P
also vCed Cntianldats, topical antifungal agents.
also Uctd to -tteat skin inections.
LL
ACTIVAT ED (HAReOAL
E
JF is the residue obtoind -from th dèstyuchive distillafion
of Various orqanic material.

W
wastu such au
It is prpored by using vakjous organie
SUrou, lactose, ria, sfarah coconut

sarah, elt
E
•They qive their work by using as absorptie pourer.

R
Properties : Medicinal Uses:

A
•
It is fin, black, USAd an eMerqeny antidoke
many forms
C
O4oUrleS and in of poisoning.

tasteless pousder will adsorb alkaloidS, NHz, C0, (02
• lt is insoluble in O2
N2, NO and t
water and other also in filters of qas
Orqani solwnts Masks.
Page 14 of 16
ASTRINGENTS
A
M
•
hese are those subsfancos which aUSe protcin preci pitahion.
Theca agonts ase applied topically damaged skin,
R
Mouth and mucOUs membrag of qastrointe stinal troct
which forms protttive laujes.
A
Mechanjsm:
Astrinqents forms te protective

H
layer which :
P
protects aqainst bacteria and infechjons.
prevents capillay leakage when aplied to blerding areas.
LL
oede ma
,
teduces local exudotion, infhmmation and
MUUS secreion.
They also teduces tne cell permia bility becaus of thejr
E
Capability of preiputoting proteins.

W
Examples
, Potash Alum
Zinc suphate ete..
E
Zn
ZINC SULPHATE| Soy.7H,0, Mol. weight 3- 8?.sY g/ mol
R
It is also kNown white vitriol.

A
Preçovatiorn:
Zine
C
prepared by treating Oxide with dil.

sulphuric acid.
Z\nc dil. Sulphuric Zinc

Oxide
sulplhae
Page 15 of 16
It is also ba prepared by dietty teocting with sulphuric

0cid.
Zn + 24,SOy Znsoy t 2th0 +
Zinc Sulphuric add Zinc sulphae
A
:
PropertiesS
M
Uses:
It is coorless, transparent USed asastringents
0r ystallins powder also used as an antiseptic.
R
. also used for treohing acna,
I4 is Odourless 4 mutallie taste.
dandruff ,
A
• Soluble in water glycerin
insoluble in al cohol. orally adiunistered for healing
woUnd:.
PoTASH ALUM
H
P
ako known poassium alunium sulphate.
Moleculo formula ? kA (So4)212tt,0

LL
q/ mol
Moleulat weigh: 474-
:
Preparation
E
• mixing a conconrakcd solution of pohssium

It Is prepared b
of
W
Sulpnae with hot solution olumnjum sulphate.

+ A\(S04); + 1240 2kAI (s0),. 12H20
Ksoy
Potassi um sulphae Aluminlum Potash Alum
E
sulphohe
R
Properties
:
Medjcinal uses
astvinge ntt
A
Used topi cally os

It exlsts as colorless,
trans parent or qrarnulat also used as antisaptc
qtals.
C
as pharmaceutcal
Suwtet astvingent tast alco USOd
solu ble In water and ad.

insoluble in alcohol.
Page 16 of 16

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Unit 4, Pharmaceutcal Inorganic Chemistry, B Pharmacy 1st Sem, Carewell Pharma

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CAREWELL PHARMA - A FAMILY OF LEARNING

SEARCH "CAREWELL PHARMA" ON YOUTUBE & WATCH FREE VIDEO LECTURES

the respirafory ttact and (hel ps

refiex) imiation Blockac dean tyoat

.Those agents USed o clea thick mUcUs from -the

Potassiun lodide and Ammonjum CNoride*

mUUs and reduc ik viscosity.

e. Bromhexino. Ambroxol e-.

Molecula Weight : 166 g/mol

tlyd rogen Potassium

0 IE is also propared by treating hot aqeous solution of

.It is olso 0ct eaqent in pharm0cy

Molecula formula : NHyI

prepored by neutrlizing ammonia wit HU, then

sulpbake wih Sodium

End pojnt is the apparance pale ( pink colot.

sfored in hiqhly closd

diecHy stimulahng $evehon vespirotory tact, hoi't why

stimulates cumorecaptor tigger 20n (<r2)

Pre sert in Madulla

zinc sulphat, Coppu sulphott sodium CWoride ek

should be Don- imitant

Examples : Copper sulphake Sodivm potassivm artarate

CoPPER SUL PHATE*

•Molecular formua: CsOy. 5t50

(uprie arbonale sulphoe

Can also be pre pared by th eaction Of

sulphuric ocid In the peAnu Of ar.

and potassivM iodida Feocs toqethe

to fom unsfabl cupe iodide

also knon as to chelle Salt.

• Molecular formula : yH, NakDe

Method of preparati on?

Carbonat with potassjum bitartate.

Saline taste. Used aS emetics

haemoglo bin / blood body, o majnly loss of RgCs

- Blood loss (acute (chronic). trauma, haem horhage ek-.

- Decreasu in (RB) formahon.

Examples: ferrous sulphate ferous qlyconate elt..

It is pre paed by tteating iron witn dil. sulNhuic

acid, whjch foms

fe + tysoy fesOy t+,?

also prepased exposed to

pale, blush (green cstals

On heating. it de composed into sulphur dioxide, sulphur trioxíde

Q0 m of dil. tyso t a0 Vsed as indicoto in tis.

USed as hae mati ncs

aso Usad fo treating angeja ( irn- deficienc

Molecular formula : 42ty,fOy. 2Hho

It (ontajns about (12%.)e (iron)

is yellowish qrey powder

in cold water and nsoluble tn alcohol.

• s formulated in tablet dogge form In CasQ of

Yon defiency angemia.

POISON AND ANIDOI

Decreased heart yae

Those those agens or substancos which ate Used to

neutialjze the effect of (poison)

hose sUbstances mainly Usecl in the eatment of